上海市杨浦区2023届高三下学期二模英语试卷+答案

杨浦区2022学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研高三年级英语学科试卷2023.4I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Teacherandstudent.B.Motherandson.C.Brotherandsister.D.Bossandemployee.2.A.Predictable.B.Boring.C.Tense.D.One-sided.3.A.Takethesubwaytogettotheshow.B.Grababiteonthewaytothetheater.C.Havedinnerafterthe7:30show.D.Eatnothingandwalktothetheater.4.A.Hedesperatelyneedsanexplanation.B.HeknowswhySamisinabadmood.C.HewillmakeSamfeelbetter.D.HewillkeephisdistancefromSam.5.A.Attheconstructionsite.B.Atthecamerashop.C.Atthecellphonestore.D.Attheconsultingoffice.6.A.Themanlikesthenewwallpaper.B.Themanissensitivetobrightcolors.C.Thewomanhaschangedthefurniture.D.Thewomanhasjustmovedintoanewbuilding.7.A.Twomanagerswillonlymessuptheproject.B.Twomanagersshouldtakechargeoftheproject.C.Themuddywatertakestimetobecleaned.D.Thewaterprojectisshortofworkers.8.A.Theykeepaskingformoretoimprovetheirstandardofliving.B.Theybothpreferlivinginthecountrysidetolivinginthecity.C.Neitherofthemhasgotusedtotheslow-pacedlifestyle.D.Neitherofthemhaseverlivedclosetolakesandgreenhills.9.A.Thewomanhadtosellthecompanyat£10,000.B.Thewomanplannedtosellthecarat£1,000.C.Themanfailedtoclosethedealforthecompany.D.Themanputthewrongpriceonthecar.10.A.Themanhadbetterstoresomepaperandpens.B.Themanhadbetterwriteaboutsomethingelse.C.Themanshouldactnowwithoutanydelay.D.Themanshouldthinktwicebeforetakingaction.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.5.B.16.C.42.D.21.12.A.Seehischampionshipbelt.B.Appearinhissuperherofilms.C.Learnthewrestlingskillsfromhim.D.Exchangephotoswithhim.13.A.Ittreatschildrenwhosufferfromseriousillnesses.B.Ithelpssickchildrentoseetheirfavoritecelebrities.C.ItkeepstrackofGuinnessWorldRecordholders.D.Itprotectschildrenfromviolenceandcrimes.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Theywouldbegivenagoodbeating.B.Theywouldhavetoclosethebusiness.C.Theywouldmakeapublicapology.D.Theywouldbethrowntoprison.15..A.Toprovetheywerenotbadatcountingnumbers.B.Toavoidhavingaircontentintheirbread.C.Toensuretheirbakedproductswerenotshortofweight.D.Tomakethebakedproductslookmoreattractive.16.A.Themeaningofdozenindifferentplaces.B.Thefirstlawaboutthebakingindustry.C.Thedevelopmentoftheword“dozen”.D.Theoriginoftheterm“abaker'sdozen”.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Toomuchtraffic.B.Toomanypeople.C.Coldtemperatureoutdoors.D.Nofoodordrinksavailable.18.A.Watchafootballgame.B.Watchadisplayoffireworks.C.Goforapicnicinthepark.D.Gotothegymforaworkout.19.A.Shesneezeswhenexposedtograss.B.Sheisquietwhenwatchingagame.C.Sheisahugefootballfan.D.Shelovesclassicalmusic.20.A.Archieisgoodatarguingwithothers.B.Archiealwayshashiswayintheend.C.Sophieisconsiderateofothers'feelings.D.Sophieisgoodatmakingupexcuses.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.6QUESTOINSFORVANESSANAKATEVanessaNakateisaclimateactivistfromUganda,andagoodwillambassadorforUNICEF,theUnitedNationsChildren'sFund.Q1:Whatdoesitmean(21)(be)aUNICEFgoodwillambassador?Igettomeetpeopleonthefrontlinesoftheclimatecrisis.Iseemyroleas(22) (make)theirvoiceslouder.Iwanttoshinealightontheissueofclimatechangeand(23) it'saffectingpeople,especiallychildren.Q2:You'vegivenspeechesabouttheimpact(24) climatechange.Whichhasbeenyourmostpowerful?OnethathasbeenverypowerfulformewaswhenIspokeatthe26thUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference,inGlasgow,Scotland.I(25)(present)theopportunitytoaskgovernmentleaders,andalsobusinessleaders,todotherightthingtoensurethatourplanetisprotected.Q3:What'sthehardestpartofbeinganactivist?Oneofthehardestthingsishavingtoseetheconsequencesofclimatechange.Forexample,thedroughtintheHornofAfrica,thefloodinginPakistan,ortherecenthurricanesintheUnitedStates.It'sverysadtoseeallthoseevents(26) (happen).Q4:Whatkeepsyoumotivatedtofightclimatechange?You'reinterviewingme,andIthinkthat'sso(27)_(inspire).ItgivesmetheenergyforwhatI'lldotomorrow.Mymotivationcomesfromyoungpeoplewhoaredoing(28) forourplanet.Q5:What'sthemostrecentclimate-relatedprojectyou'veworkedon?In2019,Ilaunchedaproject,(29)wegavesolarpanelstoschoolsinUganda.Thesolarpanelshavehelpedbringlightingtotheschools,whichmakeseducationmucheasierforthechildren.Q6:Climatechangecanfeelfrustratingandscaryforsomekids.Whatadvicedoyouhaveforthem?Toaddressthisbigissue,justfindonethingyoucando,(30) youarenotsureabouttheoutcome.Afterall,nopersonistoosmalltomakeadifferenceandnoactionistoosmalltotransformtheworld.SectionBA.replacing B.tolerate C.extremes D.experiencingA.replacing B.tolerate C.extremes D.experiencing E.averageF.estimates G.impact H.reservedI.assess J.cover K.continuedUrbanTreesAreThreatenedbyClimateChangeBy2050,aboutthree-quartersofthespecieswillbeatriskasaresultofclimatechange,astudyhasfound.Criticsaroundtheworldmayneedtostartplantingdifferenttypesoftreesandshrubsthatcan(31)warmeranddrierconditions.“By'atrisk',wemeanthesespeciesmightbe(32) stressfulclimaticconditions"saysManuelEsperon-RodriguezatWesternSydneyUniversityinAustralia.“Thosetreesarelikelytodie.”Citytreeshavemanybenefits,frommakingurbanspaceslookbeautifulandprovidingarefugeforwildlifetokeepingplacesupto12°Ccoolerthantheywouldotherwisebeinsummer.Losingtree(33) wouldleadtocitiesbecomingevenhotterastheplanetheatsup.To(34) thethreat,EsperonRodriguezandhiscolleaguesuseddatabasecalledtheGlobalUrbanTreeInventorytoworkouttheconditionsrequiredby3100treeandshrubspeciescurrentlygrownin164citiesworldwide.Theresearchersthenlookedathowtheseconditionswouldbeaffectedbyclimatechangeundermedium-emissionsscenarioknownasRCP6.0.By2050,76percentofthesespecieswillbeatriskfromrising(35) temperaturesand70percentfromdecreasingrainfall,theteamconcludes.Thestudydoesn'ttakeaccountof(36)urbangrowth,whichcouldwarmcitiesevenfaster.Nordoesittakeaccountofgreaterweather(37) causedbyclimatechange,ortheeffectsofpestsanddiseases.Warmerconditionsareallowingmorepests,suchasbarkbeetles,tosurvivewintersaswellastoreproducefasterinsummer,greatlyincreasingtheir(38) “Our(39) havescientificbasis,”saysEsperon-Rodriguez.Therearesomethingsthatcanbedonetohelptreessurvive.Thebeststrategyistochoosetoughspecieswhen(40) treesorplantingnewones,theteamconcludes.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.InconvenientTruthsIfdoctorslie,itissurelyinexcusable.Oneofthebasic(41)thepublichaveofdoctorsishonesty.ButwhatwouldyouthinkifItoldyouthatresearchhasshownthat70percentofdoctors(42)tolyingtotheirpatients?IfIamhonest,Ihavetoldliestomypatients.MrsWaltonwasinhereightiesand(43) toseeherhusband.Shewouldtrytogetuptofindhim,despitebeingatriskoffalling.“He'sonhisway,dontworry,thenurseswouldsaythistocalmherdown.Isaidthesamethingtoher.Butitwasalie.Hediedtwoyearsago.Thetruth,ifIcanusethatword,isthatitisa(44)toliesometimes.MrsWaltonisoneofthedementia（痴呆）sufferers，wholosetheirshort-termmemoryandthememoryof(45) events,butholdmemoriesfromthedistantpast.Sufferersaretrappedforeverinaconfusingpastthatmanyrealizebearslittle(46)tothepresent,butareatalosstoexplain.Thosewithdementiaoftenfeelupset,scaredandconfusedthattheyareinastrangeplace,(47) bystrangepeople,evenwhentheyareintheirownhomeswiththeirfamily,becausetheyhavegonebacktodecadesago.Theylookattheiradultchildren(48) andwonderwhotheycouldbebecausetheythinktheirchildrenarestilllittlekids.Ihavehadcountlessfamiliesbreakdownintears,notknowinghowtoreactastheirlovedonemovesfurtherawayfromthembackintotheirdistantpastandtheyare(49) inthepresent.Andhow,asthedoctorornursecaringforthesepatients,doesonemanagetheangerandoutburstsofdistressthatcomeswithhavingno(50) ofyourlifeforthepasttenor20years?Theliesthatdoctors,nursesandfamiliestellthesepatientsarenotbig,elaboratelies-theyare(51) comfortsintendedtocalmandallowthesubjecttobeswiftlychanged.(52) withthemaboutthisfalserealityisnotheartlessorunprofessional-itisactuallykind.That'snottosaythatlyingtopatientswithdementia(53) isrightordefensible.Butwhatkind-heartedpersonwouldputanotherhumanbeingthroughtheunimaginablepainoflearning,(54)_againandagainthattheyhavelosttheirbelovedones.Itwouldbeanunthinkablecruelness.Sometimeshonestyis(55) notthebestpolicy.41.A.expressions42.A.objectedB.expectationsB.contributedC.reputationsC.admittedD.regulationsD.appealed43.A.ashamedB.delightedC.nervousD.desperate44.A.crueltyB.kindnessC.painD.pleasure45.A.recentB.popularC.distantD.major46.A.oppositionB.connectionC.attentionD.similarity47.A.attackedB.isolatedC.surroundedD.attracted48.A.puzzledB.satisfiedC.amusedD.motivated49.A.cutoffB.thrownawayC.putdownD.leftbehind50.A.knowledgeB.controlC.imaginationD.record51.A.briefB.constantC.permanentD.secret52.A.CompetingB.PlottingC.MatchingD.Mixing53.A.unnecessarilyB.inaccuratelyC.impatientlyD.impolitely54.A.aheadoftimeB.innotimeC.forthelasttimeD.forthefirsttime55.A.mostlyB.informallyC.simplyD.finallySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B.CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Mysister,Lynn,taughtmemyfirstword:Kirakira.Ipronounceditka-a-ahhh,butsheknewwhatImeant.Kira-kirameans“glittering”inJapanese.LynntoldmethatwhenIwasababy,sheusedtotakemeontoouremptyroadatnight,wherewewouldlieonourbacksandlookatthestarswhileshesaidoverandover,“Katie,say'kira-kira,kira-kira!'”Ilovedthatword!WhenIgrewolder,IusedKirakiratodescribeeverythingIliked:thebeautifulbluesky,puppies,kittens,butterflies,coloredtissues.Mymothersaidweweremisusingtheword;youcouldnotcallcoloredtissueskira-kira.Shewasdismayedoverhowun-JapanesewewereandsworetosendustoJapanoneday.Ididn'tcarewhereshesentme,solongasLynncamealong.Whenshewasn'tinschool,shestayedwithmeconstantly.Bothourparentsworked.Officially,Istayedalldaywithaladyfromdowntheroad,butunofficially,Lynnwastheonewhotookcareofme.Mysisterusedtokeepadiary.TodayIkeepherdiaryinadrawernexttomybed.Iliketoseehowhermemorieswerethesameasmine,butalsodifferent.Forinstance,oneofmyearliestmemoriesisofthedayLynnsavedmylife.Iwasalmostfive,andshewasalmostnine.Wewereplayingontheemptyroadnearourhouse.Fieldsoftallcornstretchedintothedistancewhereveryoulooked.Adirtygraydogranoutofthefieldnearus,andthenheranbackin.Lynnlovedanimals.Herlongblackhairdisappearedintothecornasshechasedthedog.Thesummerskywasclearandblue.IfeltabrieffearasLynndisappearedintothecornstalks.AfterLynnranintothefield,Icouldn'tseeanythingbutcorn.“Lynnie!”Ishouted.Weweren'tthatfarfromourhouse,butIfeltscared.Iburstintotears.Somehoworother,Lynngotbehindmeandsaid,“Boo!”andIcriedsomemore.Shejustlaughedandhuggedmeandsaid,“You'rethebestlittlesisterintheworld!”Ilikeditwhenshesaidthat,soIstoppedcrying.56.WhatcanbelearnedaboutKatieasalittlechildfromthefirstparagraph?A.SheonlylistenedtoLynn'sadvice.B.Shedidn'tliketolearntheJapaneselanguage.C.Shemispronouncedkira-kiraonpurpose.D.Sheassociatedkira-kirawithnicethings.57.Theunderlinedworddismayedinthesecondparagraphprobablymeans A.discouragedB.amusedC.relievedD.unconvinced58.WhichofthefollowinglinesisprobablyinLynn'sdiarydescriptionoftheevent?A....IwassurethatthedogwouldhurtKatie....B....Myheartmeltedatthesightofthelovelydog....C....IkeptchasingthedoguntilKatieappeared....D....IregrettedtakingKatieoutwhenIsawthedog....59.Theauthorwritesaboutherchildhoodto A.singpraiseofherJapaneserootsB.shareanadventurousexperienceC.recalluniquestyleoflanguagelearningD.showthesisterlyaffection(B)Scholarshipsdesignedtoextendtheeducationandtrainingoftheapplicantsandtoadvancetheirresearchcareersareavailabletoneworrecentdoctoralgraduatesindiverseareasofresearch.ApplicationswillbeacceptedfromdoctoralrecipientswithresearchinterestsassociatedwiththefollowingDepartments:·APPLIEDOCEANPHYSICS&ENGINEERING·MARINECHEMISTRYANDGEOCHEMISTRY·PHYSICALOCEANOGRAPHY·GEOLOGY&GEOPHYSICS·BIOLOGYInterdepartmentalresearch,includingwiththeMarinePolicyCenter,isalsoencouraged.Applicationswillalsobeacceptedfromthosewithresearchinterestsonthefollowing:·USGS/WHOI-areasofcommoninterestbetweenUSGSandWHOIScientificStaff.TheindividualwillinteractwithbothUSGSandWHOIbasedadvisorsontheirresearch.Criteriaforawardsincludedemonstratedresearchindependence,productivityandnovelty,andcommunityserviceincludingcontributionstomakingoceansciencesandengineeringmorediverseandwelcoming.Scholarshipsareawardedfor18-monthappointments($68,500annually,plusahealthandwelfareallowance;atravelallowance;andaresearchbudget).Recipientsareencouragedtopursuetheirownresearchinterestsupervisedbyresidentstaff.CommunicationwithpotentialWHOIadvisorspriortosubmittinganapplicationisencouraged.COMPLETEDAPPLICATIONSMUSTBERECEIVEDBYOCTOBER15,2023,tostartanytimeafterJanuary1,2024andbeforeDecember1,2024.AwardswillbeannouncedinDecember.FurtherinformationabouttheScholarshipsandapplicationformsaswellaslinkstotheindividualDepartmentsandtheirresearchthemesmaybeobtainedat:AgoalofthePostdoctoralScholarProgramisthelong-termbroadeningofparticipationinoceanscienceandengineering:women,minorities,veterans.thosewithdisabilities,andotherunderrepresentedgroupsareencouragedtoapply.60.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthePostdoctoralScholarProgram?A.Womenapplicantsaremorelikelytobeconsideredthanmenapplicants.B.Applicantswhoseresearchisindependentandoriginalwillbegivenpriority.C.AllapplicantsmustagreetoworkwiththeMarinePolicyCenter.D.Applicantswithoutadegreeinengineeringwillberejected.61.TheearliesttimeforthescholarshiprecipienttostarttheresearchworkisA.October15,2023C.December1,2024B.January1,2024D.December12,202362.Thescholarshiprecipientwillbeableto A.getahealthandwelfareallowanceof$70,000ayearB.usethedatabaseat/pdscholarshipC.appointanyWHOIadvisorashis/herresearchpartnerD.doresearchundertheguidanceofresidentstaffatWHOI(C)Smallbatteriesarebigproblems,butnobodyreallypaysattentiontowheretheyendup.ResearchersattheCellulose&WoodMaterialsLaboratoryareworkingtoaddressthisproblem.Theirnewresearchpaperdescribesawater-activatedpaperbatterydevelopedfromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialsthatcouldeventuallypresentasustainablealternativetothemoreharmfulbatteriescommoninlow-powerdevices.Thepaperbatteryhasthesamekeycomponentsasstandardbatteriesbutpackagesthemdifferently.Likeatypicalchemicalbattery,ithasapositivelychargedsidecalledacathode,anegativelychargedsidecalledananode,andaconductivematerialcalledanelectrolyte（电解质）betweenthetwo.Atraditionalbattery＇scomponentsareencasedinplasticandmetal;inthenewbattery,theanodeandcathodeareinksprintedontothefrontandbackofapieceofpaper.Thatpaperisfilledwithsalt，whichdissolves（溶解）whenthepaperisdampenedwithwater.Theresultingsaltwatersolutionactsastheelectrolyte.Sustainablematerialswereapreconditionfortheresearchers,whoconsideredonlysafeandplentifulingredientstocreatetheirdevice.“Wewerefairlyconfidentthatwewouldhavesomethingthatwouldworkintheend,butdevelopingthesematerialsandinksystemsischallenging,”saysGustavNyström,seniorauthorofthestudy.Aftertryinghundredsofformulationsforthebatterycomponents,theresearcherssettledonagraphiteinktomakethecathode,azincinkfortheanode,andsalt-filledpapertocreatetheelectrolyte.Whenthepaperisdry,thebatteryisshelf-stable.Addjustacoupleofdropsofwater,however,andthesaltdissolves,allowingelectronstoflow.Oncethepaperisdampened,thebatteryactivateswithin20seconds.Thenewbattery'soperatingperformancedeclinesasthepaperdries.Whenthescientistsre-wetthepaperduringtesting,thebatteryregainedfunctionalityandlastedanhourbeforebeginningtodryoutagain.AIthoughtheresearchersdemonstratedthattheirbatterycouldpoweranalarmclock,thepaperbatteriesareunlikelytoreplacestandardonesonstoreshelves.Nyströmenvisionsafuturewherethesepaperbatteriescouldmaketheirwayintoproductswithinthenexttwotofiveyears.“Theperformancethatyouseeonthisdevice,Ithink,issufficientforalotofotherapplicationsalready,”hesays.Itismostlyamatterofscalingupproductionandintegratingthebatteriesintosystemssuchasdiagnostictestsandenvironmentalsensors.”63.Howisthepaperbatterysimilartothestandardbattery?A.Theybothhavetwochargedsidesandanelectrolyte.B.Theyarebothpackagedinplasticandmetal.C.Thekeycomponentsareenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Bothbatteriescanoperateforonlyanhour.64. istheconditionforthepaperbatterytowork.A.HeatingthesaltB.WettingthepaperC.DryingoutthebatteryD.Chargingtheelectrons65.Nyströmwillmostlikelyagreewiththepredictionthat A.majortechnologicalbreakthroughwillbemadeinthenearfutureB.allhomeapplianceswillbepoweredbypaperbatteriesC.paperbatterieswillhavelongershelflifethantraditionalonesD.thefutureforawideapplicationofpaperbatteriesisnotfaroff66.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthesignificanceofpaperbattery?A.Itadvancesthebatterymanufacturingindustry.B.Itisalow-costalternativetotraditionalbattery.C.Itisacreativewaytoreducepotentiale-waste.D.Itturnsdangerouse-wasteintousefulproducts.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed. A.Asthatreduceseffortoverasustainedperiod,itcouldresultinevenmoresignificantnegativeeffects.B.Beforereceivingthetext,halftheparticipantswereaskedtothinkaboutthedifferentwaystheycouldobtainfreefood,shouldtheyfailtoearnthesnack.C.Butparticipantsaskedtobrainstormotherthingsbeforeunscramblingsentencesdidjustfine.D.However,thecostsofmakingbackupplanshaven'tpreviouslybeenexamined.E.Ifyouprepareforfailure,youmaybemorelikelytofail.F.Theymightnothavebeenawareofthisshiftintheirmindsetwhileworking,buttheywerelessmotivated.MakingaBackupPlanWeakensPerformanceTherearecertainlyimportantbenefitstomakingbackupplans.Oneisthepsychologicalcomfortitbrings:Peoplethink,“I'mgoingtobeOkay,evenifIfailbecauseIcanthendoXorY.”Anotherbenefitisthatifyoufail,youwon'tkeepthinkingaboutit;youcanquicklyimplementyourbackupplan.(67) JihaeShinofWisconsinSchoolofBusinessbelievesthatacknowledgingthecostsandbenefitscanleadtobetterandmoreinformeddecisionmaking.Shegave160universitystudentsasentence-unscrambling（理清句子）taskandpromisedanenergybartothosewhoperformeditwell.(68) Peopleencouragedtothinkaboutthosebackupplansunscrambledsignificantlyfewersentencesonaveragethanpeoplewhohadn'tbeenaskedtoformulateaplanB.Inthefollow-upexperiment,Shintookthesameapproachbutofferedpeopledifferentrewards-anextradollar.“Wethinkthatwhenachievingagoalrequireswork,notluck,makingabackupplancanhurtperformancebyreducingthedesireforthegoal.”saidprofessorShin.“Inthethirdstudyingwhichparticipantswereaskedabouthowmuchtheywantedthepromisedrewardofonedollar,thosewhohadbeenaskedtothinkthroughbackupplansreportedthattheywantedthecashlessthanothers.(69)Sotheyputinlesseffortwhichhurttheirresults.Theparticipantsinthelabstudiesspentlessthan10minutes,thinkingabouttheirbackupplans--atinyinvestmentoftheirattention--yetitsignificantlyaffectedtheirmotivationandperformanceongoalpursuit.Inreallifewhenthestakesarehigher,peoplewouldbeexpectedtodevotemoretimeandenergytomappingoutthedetailedbackupplans.(70) Thepracticaladvicefromtheresearchersis:Holdoffonmakingbackupplansuntilyou'veputasmucheffortaspossibleintoyourprimarygoal.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HumansEvolvedtoBeLonelyLonelinesshurtsand,overtime,itcanputthebodyintoastatethatincreasesourriskofeverythingfromheartattacktodiabetesandcancer.So,evolutionarilyspeaking,whydoweexperienceit?StephanieCacioppo,aneuroscientist,saysthatcountlessstudieshavehelpedresearchersformulateaholistic（全面的）purposeforloneliness.Beingsocialhaditsdownsidesevenbackthen-competitionforfood,forexample,orcontributiontothespreadofpathogens（病原体）.Butscientiststhinkweevolvedtofeellonelinessbecauseitwasmoreimportanttoworkwithoneanothertoaccomplishtasksandprotecteveryone.“Thepainoflonelinessdroveustorenewthesocialstructuresowecouldsurviveandpromotekeyfeaturesliketrust,cooperationandcollectiveaction,”explainsCacioppo.Shesaysthat,foryears,researchersthoughtoflonelinessasa“diseasewithnocompensatoryfeatures.”Butnow,they’rerealizingthatit'smoreofabiologicalhungersignalthatremindsuswhenit'stimetoreconnectwiththosearoundustopromoteourshort-termsurvival.Iftheoutcomesoflonelinesswereentirelynegative,itwouldnolongerbeapartofourDNA.“Hungerandthirstprotectourphysicalbodywhilelonelinessprotectsoursocialbody,”saysCacioppo.Interestingly,whilelonelinesssendsasignaltothebrainthatit'stimeforconnection,atthesametimeit'salsolookingfordanger.This“contradictorysignal,”accordingtoCacioppo,remindsustobecarefulofwhetherthepeopleweareconnectingwithareenemiesorfriends.Shecallsthisneedtobewatchfulevenaswe'resocializinga“self-protectionmechanism.”Thatmeansinsituationswhereyoufeellonelyevenwhensurroundedbyothers,you’resubconsciouslythinkingthatthiscrowdmightnotbeagoodevolutionaryfitforyoursurvival.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72．要做行业“天花板”，光有决心是不够的。（morethan）73．经历了一波三折之后，他如愿以偿地踏上了深造之旅。（as）74．在田野里奔跑，看夕阳西下，我们是多么享受简单而纯粹的童年啊！（how）75．加大数字社会建设的投资力度，加速大数据产业发展是必然趋势，符合建设现代化强国的战略。（consistent）VI.GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.你班最近将召开一次主题班会，围绕“It’sbettertomakewrongdecisionsthantomakenodecisionatall.”这种说法展开讨论。你是赞同还是反对这个观点？请写一篇发言稿，通过事例对你的观点加以说明。参考答案I.ListeningComprehension1.B.

2.C

3.B

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.A

8.B

9.D

10.C11.B

12.A.

13.B

14.A

15.C

16.D

17.B

18.A

19.C

20.DII.GrammarandvocabularyGrammar21.tobe

22.making

23.how

24.of

25.waspresented26.happen

27.inspiring

28.something

29.where

30.evenif/eventhoughVocabulary31-35BDJIE

36-40KCGFACloze41.B

42.C

43.D

44.B

45.A46.B

47.C

48.A

49.D

50.A51.A

52.B

53.A

54.D

55.CReading56-59DABD

60-62BBD

63-66ABDC

67-70DBFAIV.SummaryWritingLonelinessisapainfulfeelingnegativelyinfluencingthebody,butitmayhaveevolvedasabiologicalhungersignaltopromoteshort-termsurvivalthroughrenewedsocia