2022-2023年云南省丽江市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)

2022-2023年云南省丽江市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.CrossCulturalConflictResolutioninTeams

Teammembersworkinincreasinglydiverseenvironments:intermsofage,gender,race,language,andnationality.Beyondthesedifferences,therearealsodeeperculturaldifferencesthatinfluencethewayconflictisapproached.

Theuseofteamsrepresentsanimportantchangeinthewaywework.Thetheoryisthatthroughtheinterdependencyofthepartsgreaterproductivityisachievedbythewhole.Experiencehasbeenlesskind.Onereasonthatteamsfailtomeetperformanceexpectationsistheirparalysisthroughunresolvedconflict.

TeamsDynamics

Overtimesuccessfulteamsdevelopculturallydistinctpathwaystocommunicate,problemsolving,makedecisions,andresolveconflict.Mostliteratureonteamssuggeststhattheyrealizehighperformancelevelsbypassingthroughfourdistinctdevelopmentphases,'forming','storming','norming'and'performing'.

Thedevelopmentofteamnormsdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum,butisembeddedinthewidersocial,politicalandeconomiccontextoftheday;Anotherrealityisthatteammembersdonothaveaccesstothesamepower.Sourcesofpowerdiffer,asdoexpectationsabouthowandwhenitwillbeused.Itissuggestedthatasuccessfulteamwill:

becomfortabledealingwithconflict

becommittedtoresolvingdisputesclosetothesource

resolvedisputesbasedoninterestsbeforerightsandpower

learnfromexperiencewithConflicts.

Thistiesinwithresearchontheeffectsofinterpersonalconflictinteams.Ateammember'scommitmenttotheteamandtheteammissiondecreasesifconflictgoesunresolved,butcanincreaseifconflictiswell-managedandresolved.Ifunhealthyconflictgoesunresolvedfortoolong,teammembersarelikelytoquitortosearchforalternatives.

DefiningCulture

Socialanthropology,astheacademicfieldresponsibleforthestudyofculture,hasyettosettleonadefinitionofculture.However,forourpracticalpurposes,cultureisdefinedasthesharedsetofvalues,beliefs,norms,attitudes,behaviors,andsocialstructuresthatdefinerealityandguideeverydayinteractions.

Thisdefinitionimpliesthatcultureisanattributeofagroup,andalsocontemplatesthefactthattheremaybeasmuchvariationwithinthegroupasbetweendifferentgroups:Weoftenassociateculturewithanationalgroup,however,cultureincludesethnicgroups,clans,tribesandorganizations.Teamswithinorganizationsalsohavebeliefs,attitudesandbehaviorsthatconstituteuniquecultures.

Althoughtherearemanysimilaritiesbetweencultures,itisimportantnottominimizerealdifferencesthatdoexist.

Ausefultoolforconsideringtheculturesofdifferentgroupsisthebellcurve.Themajorityofagroupculturewillconfirmtoadominantsetofbeliefs,attitudesandbehaviors,buttherewillbemembersoftheculturalgroupthatdifferinsignificantwaysfromthenorm.

IndividualisticandCollectivistDimensionsofaCulture

Animportantdimensionofcultureistheextenttowhichmembersidentifywiththegroup(inthiscasetheteam)ratherthanthemselvesasindividuals.Individualisticculturesplaceahighvalueon"autonomy,initiative,creativity,andauthorityindecisionmaking."Individualintereststrumpgroupinterests,andanygroupcommitmentisafunctionofaperceivedself-benefit.Collectivistcultures,ontheotherhand,valuethegroupabovetheindividual.Groupconformityandcommitmentismaintainedattheexpenseofpersonalinterests.Harmony,gettingalongandmaintaining'faceareseenascrucial'.

ThedominantcultureintheUSA,Canada,WesternEurope,Australia,andNewZealandisindividualistic,whilecollectivismpredominatestherestofthe

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

ValMacDonaldpointsoutthatbabyboomers______.

A.aremorewillingtotalktotheirparents

B.oftentakeadvantageoftheirparentsfinancially

C.seldomthinkofsendingtheirparentsaway

D.arelikelytoforcetheirparentstoaccepttheirviews

3.

Crammerscanimprovetheirgradesbyaddinginformal______beforetheoverwhelmingpressureison.

4.

Inordertocuremusclecontractionheadaches,firstlydoctorswillgetridofthe______ofthepatientwhichisthecauseofthesuffering.

5.Whenyourequestcash,themoneymoveselectronicallyfromyouraccounttothehost'saccountto______.

6.

OnthegraphoftheIQscoresofalotofpeople,theaveragerangeofthebellcurvewouldhethescore______.

A.below100

B.between90and110

C.between100and110

D.higherthan110

7.

Thedistributionofwaterresourceisaffectedbygeographical}weatherandotherconditionsinChina.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

EuropeandJapanneedmorelaborforcebecausethepopulationgrowthinthesecountrieshasbeenverylow.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Oldpeopleshouldn'tbothertochangetheireatinghabitsbecauseit'stoolateforittodothemanygood.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

ThebookThePlayofPowermainlyfocusesoncivilrights.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Evenwhenyoulosethecustody,youcanstillapplyfor______toyourchildren.

12.

Retailersandmarketingfirmshavefoundthat______withpeopleinthevirtualworld.

13.

Whenusingadrive-upATM,you'dbetterdriveclosetothemachineaswellas______.

14.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1--7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8--10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Geniuses

In1905,AlbertEinsteindevelopedthetheoryofspecialrelativity.Healsoprovedthatatomsexistandfiguredoutthatlightbehavesasbothaparticleandawave.Totopitalloff,hedevelopedhisfamousequationE=mcc,whichdescribestherelationshipbetweenmatterandenergy,thesameyear.Hewasonly26yearsold.

Withoutadoubt,Einsteinwasagenius.SowasIsaacNewton-asanyfanof"StarTrek".TheNextGenerationcansayheinventedphysics.Healsoplayedabigroleinthedevelopmentofcalculus,whichsomepeoplehavetroublecomprehendingevenafterextensiveclassroomstudy.Anothergenius,WolfgangAmadeusMozart,startedcomposingmusicwhenhewas5yearsold.Mozartwrotehundredsofpiecesbeforehisdeathin1760atage35.

Accordingtoconventionalwisdom,geniusesaredifferentfromeveryoneelse.Theycanthinkfasterandbetterthanotherpeople,Inaddition,manypeoplethinkthatallthatextrabrainpowerleadstoeccentricorquirkybehavior.Andalthoughgeniusesarefairlyeasytospot,definingexactlywhatmakesonepersonageniusisalittletrickier.Figuringouthowthatpersonbecameageniusisharderstill.

Therearetwobigthingsthatmakeitdifficulttostudygenius:

Thegeniuslabelissubjective.Somepeopleinsistthatanyonewithanintelligencequotient(IQ)higherthanacertainvalueisagenius.OthersfeelthatIQtestsmeasureonlyalimitedpartofaperson'stotalintelligence.Somebelievehightestscoreshavelittletodowithrealgenius.

Geniusisabig-pictureconcept.Mostscientificandmedicalinquiries,ontheotherband,examinedetails.Aconceptassubjectiveasgeniusisn'teasytoquantify,analyzeorstudy.

So,whenexploringhowgeniuseswork,it'sagoodideatostartbydefiningpreciselywhatageniusis.Forthepurposeofthisarticle,ageniusisn'tsimplysomeonewithanexceptionallyhighIQ.Instead,ageniusisanextraordinarilyintelligentpersonwhobreaksnewgroundwithdiscoveries,inventionsorworksofart.Usually,agenius'workchangesthewaypeopleviewtheworldorthefieldinwhichtheworktookplace.Inotherwords,ageniusmustbebothintelligentandabletousethatintelligenceinaproductiveorimpressiveway.

GeniusandtheBrain

Thebrainregulatesthebody'sorgansystems.Whenapersonmovesaround,itsendsimpulsesalongthenervesandtellsthemuscleswhattodo.Thebraincontrolsthesensesofsmell,taste,touch,sightandhearing,andthepersonexperiencesandprocessesemotionsusinghisbrain,Ontopofallthat,thebrainallowspeopletothink,analyzeinformationandsolveproblems.Buthowdoesitmakesomeonesmart?

Scientistshaven'tfiguredoutexactlyhowallthegraymatterinthebrainworks,buttheydohaveanideaofwhichpartletspeoplethink.Thecerebralcortex(大脑皮层),whichistheoutermostpartofthebrain,iswherethoughtandreasoninghappen.Thesearethebrain'shigherfunction--thelowerfunctions,whichrelatetobasicsurvival,takeplacedeeperinthebrain.

Thecerebralcortexisthelargestpartofthebrain,andit'sfullofwrinklesandfoldsthatallowittofitintheskull.Ifanadulthuman'scerebralcortexisremovedandstretchedout,itwouldbeaboutaslargeasafewpagesofanewspaper.It'sdividedintos

A.AlbertEinstein.

B.StarTrek.

C.WolfgangMozart.

D.IsaacNewton.

15.

ThelargestnumberofrainforestsintheworldarelocatedontheAfricancontinent.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Despitemultipleauthors,thebookis______throughoutthetext.

17.

Amazonisafamouswebsitewhichsellsnotonlybooksbutalso______.

18.

Theauthordoesanassessmentofallhigh-riskurbanareasintheU.S.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

areappliedinconventionalfarmingforweedcontrol.

20.

Shouldsareasourceof______________.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W:IforgottotellyouthatFredcalledlastnighttoborrowyoursleepingbag.

M:Oh,Isawhimatthegymthismorningandhedidn'tsayanything.Sohemusthaveaskedsomebodyelse.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

(12)

A.Hedoesn'twanttolendhissleepingbagtoFred.

B.Fredshouldborrowthesleepingbagfromsomebodyelse.

C.Fredhassuccessfullyborrowedasleepinghag.

D.Fredhasboughtasleepingbagatthegym.

22.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

NewYear'sDayisthelastbankholidayofthefestiveseason.Itmeansmostpeoplehavetogotoworkthenextday:【B1】______andfreshandreadyforthenewyear【B2】______.

NewYearintheUKusuallystartswitha【B3】______onNewYear'sEve(31stDecember).Somepeoplespendtheeveningathomewiththeirfamily,orhaveapartyforfriendsattheirhouse.Othersgotoa【B4】______tocelebrate,orspendtheeveninginalarge【B5】______space,forexample,TrafalgarSquareinLondon.

ThebeginningoftheNewYearis【B6】______bythechimingofBigBen,thefamousLondonclock,atmidnight,whichisalsoshownonTVforthosewho【B7】______stayingin.

InScotland,NewYeariscalledHogmanay,andforsomepeople,it'sabiggercelebrationthanChristmas.InbigcitieslikeEdinburghandGlasgowtherearestreetpartieswitharound100,000people,enjoying【B8】______,music,entertainmentanddanceatmidnight.【B9】______."AuldLangSyne",remindsustothinkofoldfriendsandrememberthegoodtimesofthepast,aswelooktothefuture.

【B10】______,assomepeoplemakeNewYear'sresolutions.Oftentheseareconnectedwithfitnessandhealth,forexamplegivingupsmokingordrinking,takingmoreexerciseorlosingweight.【B11】______.

【B1】

23.【B6】

24.【B1】

25.(29)

A.Toletthemknowanotherlanguage.

B.Toenablethemtosucceedinbusiness.

C.ToletthemknowthefactthatChinaisthefastestgrowingcountry.

D.TomakelearningMandarinanationaltrend.

26.听力原文：Theterm"balanceddiet"isconstantlyheardbutrarelyexplained.Whatitmeansisadietthatincludesacombinationofseveraldifferentfoodtypes,includinggrains,freshfruitandvegetables,meat,dairyproducts,fatsandoils.

Crucialtotheideaofabalanceddietisincludingfoodsintherightproportions;theaimistogetallthenutrientsyourbodyneedswhilemaintainingahealthyweight.TheUSgovernmentprovidesabasicideaofwhatnutrientsweneedontheirwebsite.

Itisn'tacaseofhavingroughlyequalmeasuresofeverything.Thereshouldbealotofsomekindsandjustalittleofothers.Somefatsandoils,forexample,areimportantinthedietforvariousreasons.Butyouonlyneedasmallamountcomparedwithfoodssuchasvegetables.

IntheUK,theFoodStandardsAgencyhasdevelopedaprogrammecalledTheBalanceofGoodHealthtoshowpeoplewhatproportionsandtypesoffoodsmakeupahealthybalanceddiet.Thisdividesfoodsintofivedifferentgroups.Thelargestgroupsarebreadandvegetables,followedbymilkandmeat.Thesmallestbyfaristhesaltandsugargroup.

Freshfruitandvegetablesarelowinfat,caloriesandsalt,andanexcellentsourceofvitamins,mineralsandfibre.Mostofusdon'teatenoughtomeetthecurrentrecommendationofthreetofiveservingsofvegetablesandtwotofourservingsoffruitaday.Protein-richfoodsanddairyfoodsareneededinmoremoderateamounts.Yourdietshouldincludetwotothreeservingsofmilkordairyproductsaday,forexample.

(33)

A.Adietlargelyconsistingoffruitsandvegetables.

B.Adietincludinggrains,freshfruitandvegetables,andmeat.

C.Adietincludingacombinationofseveraldifferentfoodtypes.

D.Adietwithoutfatandoils.

27.(32)

A.Theimportanceofeducation.

B.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducation.

C.Theimportanceofeducation.

D.EducationandschoolinginAmerica.

28.听力原文：W:Tony,whoarethestreetpeople?Howdidtheygettobelivinginthestreet?

M:Well,someofthemlosttheirjobs,someofthemhavementalproblems,andsomeofthemdrink.

Q:Whichofthefollowingfactorsisnotmentionedasacauseofbecomingstreetpeople?

(18)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems.

D.Drinking.

29.(36)

A.Becausehewasneverafraidofanything.

B.Becausehewasprotectedbyaspecialmedium.

C.Becausehehadenoughexperience.

D.Becauseitwashisjob.

30.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：WhenIfirstcametotheUnitedStates,IwastoldthatIshouldapplyformysocialsecuritynumber.SoItookthebusdowntotheSocialSecurityOffice.Theofficewasbusy,withseveralpeoplewaitinginline.Whenitwasmyturn,theofficergavemealongform.andtoldmetofillitoutandreturnittohim.Itookmyform,foundaseat,andsatdowntofillitout.

Ireadovertheform.severaltimes,but,tomyfrustration,Istillcouldnotmakeanysenseoutofit.Ifeltterrible,andbegantodoubtmyabilitytosurviveinAmerica."Oh,dear,"Ithought,"Ifthisissodifficultforme,howwillIevergetthroughschool?"Aftertryingagainandagaintoreadandunderstandtheform,Ifinallysaidtomyself,"EvenwithalltheyearsI'vestudiedEnglish,Ihaven'tlearnedenoughvocabularytofilloutabasicform.ButImustapplyforasocialsecuritynumber.Thereisnowayaroundit.Iwillhavetogethelp."SoIreluctantlyapproachedtheofficerforhelp."Excuseme,sir.Couldyouhelpwiththisform?I'manewcomerhere,andIcan'tunderstandit."Theofficerlookedovertheform,andsaidinsurprise,"Ohno,I'vemadeamistake.Thisform.isinSpanish.Here,takeanewform."WasIembarrassed!Hegavemethenewform,andIfilleditoutinafewminutes.Twoweekslater,Ireceivednoticeofmysocialsecuritynumber.

IhavebeenintheUnitedStatesfortwoyearsnow,butIstillcan'tforgetthatembarrassingmomentduringmyfirstvisittotheSocialSecurityOffice.

(27)

A.Thenewcomer.

B.Theofficer.

C.Thebusdriver.

D.Thepeopleinline.

31.(28)

A.Theshortageofwillingdonors.

B.Theobtainingofmoralapproval.

C.Thecomplextechnicalprocedure.

D.Therejectionfromtheimmunesystem.

32.听力原文：M:Excuseme,madam,couldyoutellmehowtousethisbankcardforcash?

W:That'seasy.Firstputyourcardintothemachine.Yes,thisside.Thenenteryourpersonalnumber,thentheamountofmoneyyouwant.Ok,nowpressthe"withdrawal"keyand"process"key.

Q:Accordingtotheconversation,whatmustthemandofirsttogetthemoney?

(16)

A.Pressthe"process"key.

B.Inserthiscard.

C.Memorizehispersonalnumber.

D.Insertsomecoins.

33.听力原文：M:Whenisagoodtimetoarrangeameetingbetweenourtwoteams?

W:Well,youknowmyschedule.OtherthanthisFriday,onedayisasgoodasthenext.Justgivemeacallifyouhaveadateinmind.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(18)

A.ShewillbeavailableonFriday.

B.Shecan'tarrangeameetingrecentlyduetohertightschedule.

C.ShecanmeetthemananydayexceptFriday.

D.Fridayisthemostsuitabletimeforher.

34.(30)

A.CocaCola.B.Sausage.C.Milk.D.Friedchicken.

35.听力原文：M：Itdoesn'tmakeanysensetogohomeforspringholidaynow.I'mboredwithalltheactivitiesinthespringfestival.

W：That'sright．AsfarasIknowyou'llhavetoprepareforyourpaperthen．

Q：Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

(18)

A.Themanwillgohomeduringthespringholiday.

B.Themanwillgraduatebeforespringholiday.

C.ThemanwillnotgraduateinMay.

D.Themanwillnotgohomeduringthespringholiday.

36.

【B3】

37.(41)

38.听力原文：Alotofpeoplethinkthatculturalanthropologyisjustaboutstudyingthespecialandstrangeaspectsofasociety,butanthropologistsarealsointerestedintheaspectsoflifethatseemsoordinarythatthepeopleinthesocietythinkthey'renotsignificant.Letmegiveyouanexample.IseelotsofT-shirtshereinclasstoday,butyouprobablydon'tthinkofthemasanimportantpartofyourculture,butanthropologistscouldlearnalotaboutthecultureoftheUSjustbystudyingtheT-shirt.Foronething,T-shirtsareamarkofhowcasualclothinghasbecomeinAmerica.Noonewasquitesurewheretheycamefrom,buttheT-shirtfirstbecamepopularinthiscountryasanundershirtforSellersinthe1940s.Theninthe1950s,itbecameasignofrebellionforteenagerstowearthiswhiteundershirtbyitself,notunderanything.Bythe1960sand70s,T-shirtshadbecomeacceptedaspartoftheuniform.views.Youcouldevensaythattheycametosymbolizethatgeneration'sattitudetowardsinformalityandallthings,includingdress.AnotheraspectthatanthropologistswouldfindinterestingisthatT-shirtsareusedtoexpresspersonalopinions.Lookaroundthisroom,youknowwholikeswatchingTVshows,whowentwhereonvacation,whobelongstowhatorganizationsoncampus.AlloftheseaspectsofourcultureareprintedonyourT-shirts.OK,IwanttostopforaminuteandaskyoutotrytowritedownfivedifferentconclusionsyoucouldreachaboutAmericanculturefromjusttheT-shirtsinthisclassroom.

(30)

A.Theeffectofordinaryaspectsoflifeonanthropology.

B.Agoodsourceofinformationaboutasociety.

C.Attitudestowardcultureinthe1940's.

D.Therelationshipbetweenanthropologyandmilitary.

39.听力原文：M:Hi,Iheardyou'relookingforadifferentapartment.

W:Yeah,theplaceI'minnowisarealdown.

M:ItwasOKwhenIwasthere.

W:Oh,theboilerkeepsbreakingandwhenitdoes,weloosetheheatforseveraldaysatthetime.

M:Wilydoesn'ttheownerreplaceit?

W:Well,shesaiditwascheapertokeepfixingit.She'saniceenoughperson,justthesortofmean.Inanycase,I'msickofbeingcold.

M:Canyougetyourdepositbackifyoumove?

W:IfIgivetwo-monthnotice,Icangetthewholethingback.

M:Sowhatkindofplaceareyoulookingfor?

W:IthinkI'lltrytogetintooneofthosehigh-risesneartheuniversity.There'snothingreallyspecialbutatleasttheyarenewandfunctional.

M:Iheardofthosebuildingsareprettynoisy.Thewallsarethinandyoucanheareverythingthat'sgoingonintheotherapartment.

W:Oh,thatwillneverdo.Ineedsomeplacequiettofinishmythesis.IguessI'llhavetolooksomemoreads.ButIstillhavesomeworries.Youknow,maybenewisn'tnecessarilybetter.

M:Whydon'tyoutrysomeofthoseapartmentsinWinsor?They'resupposedtobenice.

W:Oh,aren'ttheyawfullyexpensive?

M:Notreally,you'llbesurprisedathowreasonablesomeofthemare.Theproblemwouldbethatthebusdoesn'trunthatway.

W:That'lldefinitelybeaproblem.Ican'taffordacarrightnow.IguessI'dbettercheckafewoftheplaceshereinthecitybeforeImakeadecision.

(20)

A.Thelandlordalwaysturnsadeafeartohercomplaints.

B.Thelandlordisnoteasytobepleased.

C.Thelandlordcaresaboutmoneyverymuch.

D.Thelandlordisneitherfriendlynorhelpful.

40.(21)

A.Shehasamuchhigherbackground.

B.Sheistoobeautiful.

C.Hedidn'tloveher.

D.Sheisaliar.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

PTSDisakindofdiseaseinwhichthesuffererswillshowcontinual______.

42.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmeasuresistheleasthelpfulinprotectingtheenvironment?

A.Cuttingoffsubsidiesonallfossilfuels.

B.Encouragingtheuseofcleanenergysources.

C.Promotingtheresurgenceofnuclearpower.

D.Adoptingpricereform.toreduceemission.

43.

Theauthorbelievesthatastudyofourdimenovels______.

A.isawasteoftime

B.wouldbesufficientinitselftodeterminetheessentialcharacteristicsoftheAmericantradition

C.wouldbeavaluablecontributionindeterminingtheessentialcharacteristicsoftheAmericantradition

D.wouldbeamusingbutunimportant

44.

Ifthewomenareinthepoliticalleadership,______.

A.therewillbemoredisputesduetoimpropernegotiation

B.theworldwillbemorehostilebecausemenareunhappy

C.theworldwillbemuchmoreharmonious

D.itwillbehelpfultoeveryone,excludingmen

45.

Theword"scrutinize"(Paragraph2)canbebestreplacedby______.

A.improveB.examinecloselyC.experimentwithD.makeuseof

46.Inadditiontoredistributingincomes,inflationmayaffectthetotalrealincomeandproductionofthecommunity.Anincreaseinpricesisusuallyassociatedwithhighemployment.Inmoderateinflation,industriesareoperatingefficientlyandoutputisnearcapacity.Thereisagreatdealofprivateinvestmentandjobsareplentiful,Suchhasbeenthehistoricalpattern.Thus,manybusinesspersonsandunionleaders,inevaluatingalittledeflationandalittleinflation,considerthelattertobethelesseroftwoevils.Inmildinflation,thelossestofixed-incomegroupsareusuallylessthanthegainstotherestofthecommunity.Evenworkerswithrelativelyfixedwagesareoftenbetteroffbecauseofimprovedemploymentopportunitiesandgreatertake-homepay,ariseininterestratesonnewsecuritiesmaypartlycompensateforanylossestocreditor,andincreasesinpensionbenefitsmaypartlymakeuplossestoretirees.

Indeflation,ontheotherhand,thegrowingunemploymentoflaborandcapitalcausesthecommunity'stotalwell-beingtobeless;soinasense,thegainersgetlessthantheloserslose.Asamatteroffact,inadepression,oratimeofseveredeflation,almosteveryonesuffers,includingthecreditorwhoisleftwithuncollectabledebts.

Forthesereasonsasincreaseinconsumptionofinvestmentspendingisconsideredgoodintimes'ofunemployment,evenifthistendstoincreasepricesslightly.Whentheeconomicsystemissufferingfromseveredepression,fewpeoplewillcriticizeprivate'orpublicspendingonthegroundthatthismightbeinflationary.Actually,mostofthisincreasedspendingwillincreaseproductionandcreatejobs.Once,lullemploymentandfullplantcapacityhavebeenreached,however,anyfurtherincreasesinspendingarelikelytobecompletelywastedinpriceincrease.

"Historicalpatterns"mentionedinthepassagemeansthatinmildinflation______.

A.therewillbemoreproductionandemployment

B.privateinvestmentwillbemoderateandpeople'sincomeinfluenced

C.thebadeffectsoftiletwoevilswillbeassociatedwitheachother

D.thefixedwagesoftheworkersarenolongerfixed

47.

Aboutthevocabularies,theauthorbelievedthatlanguages,whethercivilizedornot,have______.

A.grammaticalstructures

B.anabilitytotransferideas

C.theirownsoundpatterns

D.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

48.

Housewiseslikedriedfoodsbecause______.

49.

Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcrows?

A.Theyseldomliveinanyoneplaceorverylong.

B.Theythriveinawidevarietyofenvironments.

C.Theyhavemarkedpreferencesforcertainkindsoffoods.

D.Theyuseuptheresourcesinoneareabeforemovingtoanother.

50.

TheMexicangovernmenttakeshalfmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblembecause______.

A.Mexicaneconomydependsverymuchoncarsandfactories

B.itisnotwiseenoughtocomeupwitheffectivemeasures

C.Mexicansareabletoadaptthemselvestothecurrentemergency

D.Mexicansenjoyplayingdangerousgameswiththeirhealth

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

America'seconomicrecoveryremainsuncomfortablyweak.Thelatestdatashowindustrialproductionfallingwhilethetradedeficitsoarstorecordlevels.Toroundoffadismalweekforeconomicstatistics,theFedannouncedthatindustrialproductionfellby0.2percentinDecembercomparedwiththepreviousmonth.Thatcameasadisappointmenttoeconomistswhohadbeenexpectingasma