考研英语阅读理解复习指导

考研英语阅读理解复习指导(1)

ElementarySchoolsinearlyAmericaWhataccountsforthegreatoutburst

ofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica一一breakthroughssuchasthe

telegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshaping

factors,Iwouldsingleout

ElementarySchoolsinearlyAmerica

Whataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearly

America-breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandthe

weavingmachine?

Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry，s

excellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenew

technology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andaboveall

theAmericangeniusfornonverbal,spatialthinkingaboutthings

technological.

Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschools

ourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlantic

states,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsome

aspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.

Acuteforeignobserversrelatedamericanadaptivenessand

inventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritish

commissionvisitingherein1853reported,Withamindpreparedby

thoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintothe

skilledworkman.

Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthepremiumsystem,which

precededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.This

approach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesand

otherincentives.

IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswere

awardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.

Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthusto

renewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.

Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,the

Americanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinking

requiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,

Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguous

verbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbal

process.Thedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembleandmanipulate

intheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.

Thisnonverbalspatialthinkingcanbejustascreativeaspainting

andwriting,robertfultononcewrote,Themechanicshouldsitdownamong

levers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthe

alphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhicha

newarrangementtransmitsanewidea.

Whenalltheseshapingforces一一schools,openattitudes,thepremium

system,ageniusforspatialthinking-interactedwithoneanotheron

therichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatamericancharacteristic,

emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimes

itmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.

inventionn.1.发明，发明物2.捏造，虚构

inventorn.发明家，发明者

［联想词］

inventoryn.L详细目录2.存货清单

breakthhroughn.1.突围，突破2.重大成就，惊人发现

［联想词］

breakdownn.1.垮台，破裂2.衰竭，衰弱3.损坏，故障4.分类

premiumn.L保险金2.额外费用3.奖品，赠品，额外津贴a.L高级的，

优质的2.售价高的

［联想词］

subsidyn.津贴，补贴

verbala.L口头的2.用言辞的，用文字的

［联想词］

vocala.发声的，嗓音的

spatiala.空间的，与空间有关的

literacyn.识字，有文化，读写能力

literatea.1.有读写能力的2.有文化修养的

stimulusn.1.促进2.刺激

［联想词］

provocationn.1.挑衅，挑拨2.刺激,激怒

provocativea.1.挑衅的，煽动的2.刺激的

precedevt.在.....之前，先于

precedentn.1.先例，范例，判例2.惯例

patentn.专利，专利权a.专利（权）的，受专利保护的vt.得到.....

的专利权

originatevi.起源于，来自，产生

vt.创造，创始，开创

［联想词］

commencev.开始

incentiven.刺激，鼓励

multituden.1.大量，许多2.大众，民众

ambiguousa.引起歧义的，模式棱两可的，含糊不清的

［联想词］

indefinitea.1.不明确的，含糊的2.无限期的

exdplicita.1.明确的，明晰的；详述的2.直言的，毫不隐瞒的，露骨的

manipulatevt.1.操纵，控制，影响2.操作，使用

levern.1.杠杆2.途径，工具，手段

vt.撬动，撬起

wedgen.楔（子）vt.把.....楔入，塞入

［联想词］

grooven.沟，槽

hingen.较链

interactvi.相互作用，相互影响

emulationn.1.竞赛，竞争2.仿效，仿真

imitationn.1.模仿2.仿制，仿制品3.鹰品

strivevi.努力，奋斗，力求

sculpturen.1.雕刻，雕塑2.雕刻作品，雕塑品

［联想词］

carvevt.1.切，把.....切碎2.雕刻，亥

engravevt.1.在.....上雕刻2.使铭记，使牢记

statuen.雕像，塑像

bustn.1.胸像，半身像2.胸部，胸围

marblen.1.大理石

diploman.毕业文凭，毕业证书，资格证书

［联想词］

diplomatn.1.外交官，外交家2.有交际手段的人，圆滑的人

perpetuala.1.永久的，永恒的，长期的2.无休止的，没完没了的

考研英语阅读理解复习指导(2)

FightAgainYouthSmokingThreeyearsago,appalledbyhowmanychildren

werebecomingaddictedtocigaretteseveryyear,theVicePresidentand

Icommittedthisadministrationtostoppingthesaleandmarketingof

cigarettestochildren.

FightAgainYouthSmoking

Threeyearsago,appalledbyhowmanychildrenwerebecomingaddicted

tocigaretteseveryyear,theVicePresidentandIcommittedthis

administrationtostoppingthesaleandmarketingofcigarettesto

children.Today,thankstotheseeffortsandthepersistenceofstate

attorneysgeneral,thepublichealthcommunity,andleadersinCongress,

wehavethebestopportunityevertopasscomprehensiveanti-smoking

legislationthatwellsavemillionsofourchildrenfromapremature,

painful,andverypreventabledeath.

Thisweek,inahistoricandresounding19to1vote,akeySenate

committeegaveitsstampofapprovaltocomprehensivelegislation

sponsoredbySenatorJohnMcCain,aRepublican,andSenatorFritzHollings,

aDemocrat,thatwouldcutyouthsmokingbyhalfoverthenextdecade.

Thisbillrepresentsadramaticstepforward.Itwouldraisetheprice

ofcigarettes,givetheFDAfullauthoritytoregulatetobaccoproducts,

banadvertisingaimedatchildren,andprotecttobaccofarmers.

Westillhaveworktodointhislegislation.Aboveall,weneedto

putinplacetoughpenaltiesthatwillcostthetobaccoindustryifit

continuestosellcigarettestoyoungpeople.JustthisweektheCenters

forDiseaseControlreleasedadisturbingreportthatmorethanathird

ofteenagersintheUnitedStatesnowsmoke,eventhoughit'sillegal.

Itistimetoholdtobaccocompaniesaccountable.Reducidngyouth

smokingmustbeveerybody，sbottomline.Let'sremember-thisisnot

aboutpoliticsormoney,orseekingrevengeagainstthetobaccoindustry

forpastpractices.We'renottryingtoputthetobaccocompaniesoutof

business;wewanttoputthemoutofthebusinessofsellingcigarattes

tokids.Thisweek'sprogressintheSenateshowswehaverealmomentum

inbothpartiestodojustthat.

There，restillmalyissuestobeworkedoutandmanylongnightsahead.

Butwehavewithinourgrasponeofthemostimportantpublichealth

victoriesournationhaseverachieved.

Finally,litmejustpauseamomenttoobservethe30thanniversary

ofthedeathofoneofAmerica'sgreatestheroes,Dr.MartinLutherKing.

Hisdream,deeplyrootedintheAmericanDream,isadreamforall

Americans.LetushereathomealwaysstrivetoheedDr.King'swordsand

liveuptohislegacy.

appallvt.使惊骇，使大吃一惊

［联想词］

terrifyvt.使害怕，使惊吓

outragevt.激起......的义愤，激怒

n.1.义愤，愤慨2.暴行，骇人听闻的事件

addictn.1.有瘾的人2.入迷的人

vt.使成瘾，使入迷

［联想词］

cocainen.可卡因

toxica.有毒的，中毒引起的

persistenta.1.坚持不懈的，执意的2.持续的

persistencen.1.坚持不懈，执意2.持续性，持续状态

［联想词］

stubborna.1.顽固的，执拗的，倔强的2.难对付的，难于克服的

legislationn.1.法律,法规2.立法的,法律的制定

［联想词］

legitimatea.1.合情合理的2.合法的，法律认可的

judiciala.1.司法的，法庭的，审判的2.明断的，公正的

suevi.1.控告，起诉2.要求，请求vt.控告，起诉

prosecutevt.1.对......提起公诉，告发，检举2.继续从事vi.起诉，告

发

defendantn.被告

invalida.1.无效的，作废的2.无可靠依据的n.病弱者，残疾者

testifyvi.1.作证，证明2.表明，说明vt.作证，证明

testimonyn.1.证词2.见证，证明

prematurea.1.比预期时间早是2.不成熟的，仓促的

authorityn.1.权力，管辖权2.官方，当局3.当权者，行政管理机构4.

权威，专家

authoritativea.1.权威性的，可信的2.专断的，命令式的

authorizevt.授权，批准

［联想词］

definitivea.1.最可靠的，权威性的2.决定性的

accountablea.负起责任的

revengen.报复，报仇

momentumn.1.动力，冲力，势力2.动量

［联想词］

impetusn.1.推动，促进，刺激2.推动力

strivevi.努力，奋斗，力求

heedvt.留心，注意，听从

legencyn.遗赠的财物，遗产

deadlya.1.致死的，致命的2.不共戴天的，殊死的3.极度的，十足的ad.

非常，极度地

［联想词］

drastica.1.极端的，严厉的2.激烈的，迅猛的

epidemicn.1.流行病2.流传，流行a.流行性的，流传极广的

lurevt.吸引，引诱，诱惑

考研英语阅读理解复习指导（3）

BeautyIsMeaninglessAyoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstand

ortoexpresstheemotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatitmust

bethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.Itisdifficultforanyof

usinmomentsofinten

BeautyIsMeaningless

Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandortoexpressthe

emotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewayto

aworldthatliesbeyond.Itisdifficultforanyofusinmomentsof

intenseaestheticexperiencetoresistthesuggestionthatwearecatching

aglimpseofalightthatshinesdowntousfromadifferentrealmof

existence,differentand,becausetheexperienceisintenselymoving,in

somewqyhigher.And,thoughthegleamsblindanddazzle,yettheydo

conveyahintofbeautyandserenitygreaterthanwehaveknownorimagined.

Greatertoothanwecandescribe,forlanguage,whichwasinventedto

conveythemeaningsofthisworld,cannotreadilybefittedtotheuses

ofanother.

Thatallgreatarthasthispowerofsuggestingaworldbeyondis

undeniable.Insomemoods,Naturesharesit.ThereisnoskyinJuneso

bluethatitdoesnotpointforwardtoabluer,nosunsetsobeautiful

thatitdoesnotwakenthevisionofagreaterbeauty,awisionwhichpasses

beforeitisfullyglimpsed,andinpassingleavesanindefinablelinging

andregret.But,ifthisworldisnotmerelyabadjoke,lifeavulgar

flareamidthecoolradianceofthestars,andexistenceanemptylaugh

brayingacrossthemysteries,iftheseintimationsofasomethingbehind

andbeyondarenotevilhumourbornofindigestion,orwhimsiessentby

thedeviltomockandmaddenus,if,inaword,beautymeanssomething,

yetwemustnotseektointerpretthemeaning.Ifweglimpsethe

unutterable,itisunwisetotrytoutterit,norshouldweseektoinvest

withsignificancethatwhichwecannotgrasp.Beautyintermsofourhuman

meaningsismeaningless.

intensea.1.强烈的，剧烈的，紧张的2.认真的，专注的3.热情的，热

切的

intensifyv.（使）增强，（使）加剧

aesthetica.1.美学的，审美的2.悦目的，雅致的

gleamvi.1.闪亮，闪烁2.闪现，流露n.1.闪光，闪亮2.闪现，流露

［联想词］

sparklevi.1.发光，闪耀，闪烁2.活跃，焕发n.1.发光，闪耀，闪烁2.

活力，生气

glittervi.闪闪发光，闪耀n.闪光，灿烂的光辉2.耀眼，辉煌

dazzlevt.使眩目n.1.耀眼的光2.令人赞叹的东西

serenityn.1.平静，安详2.晴朗，明朗

denialn.1.否认2.拒绝

undeniablea.不可否认的

vulgara.1.粗野的，下流的2.庸俗的，粗俗的

［联想词］

boscenea.1.淫秽的，下流的2.可憎的，可恶的

flarevi.1.（火焰）闪耀2.突发，突然发怒n.闪光信号，照明弹

［联想词］

eruptvi.1.（火山等）喷发2.（战争等）爆发，突然发生

ignitevt.点燃,引发

radianta.1.容光焕发的，喜形于色的2.光芒四射的，光辉灿烂的3.辐

射的

［联想词］

radiatev.1.发出（光或热），辐射2.流露，显示

radioactivea.放射性的，有辐射的

brayvi.1.（驴）叫2.以响而粗的声音说（或笑）

whimsyn.1.怪念头，离奇的想法2.稀奇古怪

［联想词］

bizarea.怪诞的，奇形怪状的

weirda.1.古怪的,离奇的2.怪诞的，神秘可怕的

mockvt.1.嘲笑，嘲弄2.（为了取笑）模仿vi.嘲笑，嘲弄a.1.模拟的,

学习的2.假的，假装的

考研英语阅读理解复习指导(4)

WaitinginLineTheBritishqueueupandtheAmericanswaitinline,except

forNewYorkers,whowaitonline.Nooneseemstoknowthereasonfor

thislocalidiom.Itissomethingtoponderwhilewaitingin/online.

Anotherthingtoponde

WaitinginLine

TheBritishqueueupandtheAmericanswaitinline,exceptforNew

Yorkers,whowaitonline.Nooneseemstoknowthereasonforthislocal

idiom.Itissomethingtoponderwhilewaitingin/online.

Anotherthingtoponder:ItisestimatedthatAmericansspedndupto

fiveyearsoftheir1ivesinthattedious,wearybutunavoidableprocess

knownaswaiting.Studiesshowthatotherwiserationalpeopleact

irrationallywhenforcedtostandinlineorwaitincrowds,evenbecoming

violent.

Queuesareagrimrealityofcitylife.Whilethereseemstobeno

consensusonthecity，sworstline,theonesmentionedmostoftenintalks

hereandtherewerelunchtimelinesatbanksandpostofficesand,among

youngerpeople,movielinesandcollege-registrationlines.

Banklines,saidMarkSloane,aninvestor.Nomatterwhattimeofday

youbank,thenumberoftellersisinadequatetothenumberofpatrons.

Evenwhenthebankisopenyouseelonglinesinfrontofthemoneymachines

outside.

Supermarkets,saidEdFrantz,agraphicartist,whoonceabandoned

afullshoppingcartinthemiddleofalongcheckoutline.Itwasnot

apoliticalact.Thelinewasfilledwithcouponclippersandcheckwriters,

herecalled.AndsuddenlyIhadtowalkaway.Foodnolongermattered.

Inany1inethefundamentalruleisfirstcome,firstserved,orwhat

dsocialscientistscalldistributivejustice.Exceptionsmaybemade,say,

infancyrestaurantswheretheheadwaitershavetheirfavorites,but,in

general,theruleprevails.

Ifmiserylovescompany,sodosportsfans.Dr.LeonManndocumented

thisseveralyearsagowhen,asaHarvardprofessor,hestudiedthelong

overnightqueuesforticketstoballgamesinhisnativeAustralia.

Outsidethestadiumsomethingofacarnivalatmosphereprevails,he

wroteinTheAmericanJournalofSociology.Thedevoteessing,sipwarm

drinks,playcardsandhuddletogether.

Liketheteamstheyhadcometowatch,thefansinlinetooktimeouts.

Someworkedinshifts,withcertainmembersleavingtotakenapsoreat

meals,whileotherssavedtheirplacesinline.Somestakedclaimsinline

withitemsofpersonalpropertysuchassleepingbagsandfoldingchairs.

Duringtheearlyhoursofwaiting,Dr.Mannnoted,thequeuesoften

consistedofonepartpeopletotwopartsinanimateobjects.

NobodyhaseverseriouslystudiedHelenQuinn'sSaturdaymorningline

forMetropolitanOperatickets,butperhapssomeoneshould-MissQuinn

isnotanofficialattheMet.

For15yearsstandeesattheoperahavebeendoingjustthat,thanks

toMissQuin，sticketingsystem.Shemakes,datesandnumbersher

tickets-oneforeachofthe175standingroomspotsavailable-and

dispensesthemtoearlybirds.Assuredofaplace,ticketholdersthen

leaveandreturnshortlybefore8A.M.tolineupfortherealtickets.

idiomn.1.习语，成语2.风格，特色

ponderv.思索，考虑，沉思

［联想词］

contemplatevt.1.盘算，计议2.思量，周密考虑3.注视，凝视

wearya.1.疲劳的，疲倦的2.使疲劳的，令人厌倦的vi.厌倦的，不耐烦

［联想词］

tiresomea.令人疲劳的，令人厌倦的

grima.1.讨厌的，糟糕的2.严厉的3.严酷的，无情的

consensusn.［单］（意见等）一致，一致同意

patronn.1.资助人，赞助人2.老主顾，顾客

resentvt.对.....表示忿恨，怨恨

graphica.1.生动的，形象的2.绘画的，文字的，图表的

couponn.L礼券，优惠券2.配券，票证

clipn.1.夹子，回形针，别针2.弹夹，弹仓3.剪，修剪4.剪报，电影

片断vt.（clipped；clipping）1.夹住，扣住2.剪,修剪3.削减,缩短

［联想词］

clampn.夹头，夹具，夹钳vt.（用夹具等）夹紧，固定

prevailvi.1.流行，盛行2.获胜，占优势3.说明，劝说，诱使

prevalenta.流秆的，普遍的

miseryn.1.痛苦，苦恼，苦难2.悲惨的境遇，贫苦

carnivaln.1.表演会2.庆祝，欢宴3.狂欢节

［联想词］

feastn.1.盛宴，筵席2.节日

sociologyn.社会学

sipv.（sipped,sippig）小口地喝，抿，呷n.小口喝

huddlevi.1.聚集在一起2.把身子蜷成一团vt.使聚集在一起n.挤在一

起的人，一堆杂乱的东西

inanimatea.1.无生命的，非动物的2.无生气的，单调的

metropolitana.大城市的，大都会的

dispensevt.1.分配，分发2.配（药），发（药）3.实施，执行

［联想词］

dispersevi.1.分散，散开2.消散，消失vt.1.使分散，赶散2.使消散,

驱散

考研英语阅读理解复习指导(5)

AggressivePatriotisminSportsSomepeoplebelievethatinternational

sportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations.Otherssaythattheopposite

istrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideand

leadtomisunderstandin

AggressivePatriotisminSports

Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetween

thenations.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternational

contestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingand

hatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butinrecentyears

theOlympicgameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsports

encouragesinternationalbrotherhood.Notonly,wastherethetragic

incidentinvolvingthemurderofathletes,butthegameswerealsoruined

bylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.

Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignation

afterthehockeyfinal.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockey

match,theusersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywereconvinced

thatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheir

opponents，'victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhe

said:Thiswasn''thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederation

arefinished.ThepresidentoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuch

behaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthree

years.

TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirst

placetoRussia,afteradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehad

endedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshad

won,byasinglepoint,butitwasannouncedthattherewerethreeseconds

stilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthe

courttotheother,andanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.Itwas

thefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.The

Americanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.

Incidentsofthiskindwellcontinueaslongassportisplayed

competitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Inthepresent

organizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencourages

aggressivepatriotism.

tragica.1.悲惨的，可悲的2.悲剧（性）的

［联想词］

dreadfula.1.糟透了的，极不合意的2.极端的，极其大的3.可怕的，令

人畏惧的

pathetica.1.差劲的，令人生厌的2.可悲的，可怜的，引起怜悯的

disastrousa.1.灾难性的,造成灾害的2.极坏的,很糟的

catastrophen.大灾难，灾祸

destructivea.破坏（性）的，毁灭（性）的

comica.喜剧的，滑稽的

incidentn.1.发生的事2.事件，事变

incidencen.［单］发生率

incidentallyad.顺便说及，顺便提一句

indignationn.愤怒，愤慨，义愤

indignanta.愤怒的，愤慨的，义愤的

［联想词］

furyn.1.狂怒,暴怒2.狂暴，猛烈

furiousa.1.狂怒的，暴怒的2.强烈的，激烈的

dismayn.1.失望，气馁2.惊恐，惊愕vt.1.使失望，使气馁2.使惊恐,

使惊愕

hockeyn.曲棍球

［联想词］

versusprep.1.以.....为对手，对2.与......相对，与......相比之下

federationn.1.联合会2.联邦

suspensionn.1.暂停，中止2.停止参加，暂时剥夺3.悬架，悬置机构4.

悬浮液5.悬，挂，吊

disturbancen.1.扰乱，打扰2.骚乱，混乱3.心神不安，烦恼

［联想词］

harassmentn.1.侵扰，骚扰2.烦恼，困苦

patriotismn.爱国主义，爱国精神，爱国心patriotn.爱国者，爱国主

义者

patriotica.爱国的，有爱国心的，显示爱国精神的

考研英语阅读理解复习指导(6)

MannersArePracticallyNon-ExistentMannersnowadyasinmetropolitan

citieslikeLondonarepracticallynon-existent.Itisnothingforabig,

strongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelast

remainingseatonthe

MannersArePracticallyNon-Existent

MannersnowadyasinmetropolitancitieslikeLondonarepractically

non-existent.Itisnothingforabig,strongschoolboytoelbowanelderly

womanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbus,

muchlessstandupandofferhisseattoher,asheought.Infact,it

issaddeningtonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwoman,

itisnearlyalwaysaContinentalmanoronefromtheoldergeneration.

Thisquestionofgivingupseatsinpublictransportismuchargued

aboutbyyoungmen,whosaythat,sincewomenhaveclaimedequality,they

nolongerdeservetobetreatedwithcourtesyandthatthosewhogoout

toworkshouldtaketheirturnintheratracelikeanyoneelse.Women

haveneverclaimedtobephysicallyasstrongasmen.Evenifitisnot

agreed,however,thatyoungmenshouldstandupforyoungerwomen,the

factremainsthatcourtesyshouldbeshowntotheold,thesickandthe

burdened.Arewereallysolosttoallidealsofunselfishnessthatwe

cansitthereindifferentlyreadingthepaperorabook,sayingto

ourselvesFirstcome,firstserved,whileagreyhairedwoman,amother

withayoungchildoracripplestands?Yetthisisalltoooftenseen.

Conditionsintravelarereallyveryhardoneveryone,weknow,but

hardshipissurelynoexcuse.Sometimesonewonderswhatwouldhavebeen

thebehaviourofthesestuotyoungmeninapackedrefugeetrainoratrain

onitswaytoaprison-campduringtheWar.Wouldtheyhaveconsidered

itonlyrightandtheirproperduetokeepthebestplacesforthemselves

then?

Olderpeople,tiredandirritablefromaday''swork,arenotangels,

either一一farfromit.Manyabriskargumentoraninsultingquarrelbreaks

outasthewearyqueuespushandshoveeachothertogetonbusesandtubes.

Onecannotcommendthis,ofcourse,butonedoesfeelthereisjustalittle

moreexcuse.

Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacestoliveinatall,however,

itseemsimperative,notonlythatcommunicationsintransportshouldbe

improved,butalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekept

smoothandpolite.Allovercities,itseemsthatpeoplearetootired

andtoorushedtobepolite.Shopassistantswon，tbothertoassist,

taxi-driversgrowlateachotherastheydashdangerouslyroundcorners,

busconductorpullthebellbeforetheirdesperatepassengershavehad

timetogetonorofferthebus,andsoonandsoon.Itseemstousthat

itisuptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmallparttostopsuch

deterioration.

名人名言

Youmaybedisappointedifyoufai1,butyouaredoomedifyoudon''t

try.

----BeverlySills

metropolitana.大城市的，大都会的

［联想词］

municipala.市的，市政的

courtesyn.1.谦恭有礼2.有礼貌的举止（或言词）

cripplen.跛子，伤残人vt.1.使跛，使受伤致残2.严重削弱，使陷于

瘫痪

stouta.1.发胖的，胖而大的2.结实的，牢固的3.勇敢的，大胆的，顽

强的

［联想词］

sturdya.1.强壮的，结实的，坚固的2.坚定的，坚强的

hardya.1.强壮的，坚强的，能吃苦耐劳的2.耐寒的

robusta.强壮的，健康的

musculara.肌肉发达的，强壮的

fragilea.1.易碎的，脆的，易损坏的2.虚弱的，脆弱的

irritatevt.1.使恼怒，使烦躁2.使（身体某部分）不适，使疼痛

irritablea.1.易怒的，急躁的2.（器官等）过敏的

［联想词］

aggravatevt.1.加重，加剧，使恶化2.激怒，使恼火

angeln.1.天使2.可爱的人

briska.1.轻快的，生气勃勃的2.兴隆的，繁忙活跃的3.寒冷而清新的

［联想词］

energetica.精力充沛的，充满活力的

slacka.1.不活跃的，萧条的，清淡的2.懈怠的，马虎的3.松（驰）的n.

（绳索等）松弛部分vi.懈怠，懒散

wearya.1.疲劳的，疲倦的2.使人疲劳的，使人厌倦的vi.（of）厌烦,

不耐烦

shovevt.1.乱推，挤2.乱塞，随意做vi.用力推，挤n.猛推

commendvt.1.表扬，称赞2.推荐

imperativea.1.必要的，紧急的，极重要的2.命令的n.必要的事，必

须完成的事

growlvi.1.（动物）发猫猫声2.低志咆哮着说话

［联想词］

howlvi.嚎叫，吼叫，（风）呼啸n.嚎叫，吼叫，（风）呼啸

yellvi.号叫,叫喊n.号叫,叫喊

mutterv.n.轻声低语，小声抱怨

mutea.1.缄默的，无声的2.哑的，举说话的3.（字母）不发声的vt.

消除（声音），减轻声音

murmurv.n.小声说话，小声抱怨，咕哝

buzzn.嗡嗡声vi.发出嗡嗡声

deterioratevi,变坏，恶化

deteriorationn.变坏，恶化，堕落

［联想词］

crumblevt.弄碎vi.崩溃，瓦解

perfectionn.完美，完善

［联想词］

intacta.完整无缺的，未经触动的，未受损伤的

考研英语阅读理解复习指导(7)

OnAmbitionIfambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsof

ambition--wealth,distinction,controloverone，sdestiny--mustbe

deemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition"sbehalf.Ifthe

traditionofambitionistohavevitality,

OnAmbition

Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition-wealth,

distinction,controloverone，sdestiny-mustbedeemedworthyofthe

sacrificesmadeonambition，sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionisto

havevitality,itmustbewidelyshared:anditespeciallymustbehighly

regardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleast

amongthem.Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimed

tohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhave

perhapsmostbenefitedfromambition-ifnotalwaystheirownthanthat

oftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyin

this,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped一一with

theeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemless

interestedinsuccessanditssignsnotthanformerly.Summerhomes,

Europeantravel,BMWs-thelocations