分析化学各章练习题及答案

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑——分析化学各章练习题及答案章节试题及答案（仅供练习参考）

1、误差是衡量·······································································································（）

A.缜密度B.置信度C.确凿度D.确切度2、偏差是衡量·······································································································（）

A.缜密度B.置信度C.确凿度D.确切度3、以下论述中错误的是······················································································（）

A.单次测量结果的偏差之和等于零B.标准偏差是用于衡量测定结果的分散程度C.系统误差呈正态分布D.偶然误差呈正态分布

4、以下论述中正确的是························································································（）

A.总体平均值寻常用?表示B.正态分布中正误差和负误差出现的概率相等C.标准偏差寻常用μ表示D.分析结果落在μ±?范围内的概率为68.3%5、以下论述中正确的是······················································································（）

A.系统误差加减法的传递是分析结果的绝对偏差为各测量步骤绝对偏差的代数和B.偶然误差乘除法的传递是分析结果的相对偏差为各测量步骤相对偏差的代数和C.置信度是以自由度来表示的

D.少量试验数据是按t分布进行统计处理

6、以下论述中错误的是······················································································（）

A.平均值的置信区间是μ=x±

??n

B.少量试验数据的平均值的置信区间是μ=x±C.平均值与标准值的比较要用F检验D.t试验法是比较两组数据的方差S2

t??fnS

1

7、根据分析天平的称量误差（±0.0002g）和对测量的相对误差（0.1%），以下论述中正确的是·············································································································（）A.试样重量应≥0.02gB.试样重量应≥0.2gC.试样重量应＜0.2gD.试样重量就≥2.0g

8、以下论述中，有效数字位数错误的是···························································（）

A.[H+]=3.24×10－

2（3位）B.pH=3.24（3位）

C.0.42(2位)D.Ka=1.8×10－

5（2位）

9、以下表达中最能说明偶然误差小的是·····························································（A.高缜密度B.标准偏差大C.细心较正过所有法码和容量仪器

D.与已知含量的试样屡屡分析结果的平均值一致

10、以下论述中最能说明系统误差小的是···························································（A.高缜密度B.标准偏差大C.细心校正过所有砝码和容量仪器

D.与已知含量的试样屡屡分析结果的平均值一致

11、定量分析中缜密度和确凿度的关系是···························································（A.确凿度是保证缜密度的前提B.缜密度是保证确凿度的前提C.分析中，首先要求确凿度，其次才是缜密度D.分析中，首先要求缜密度，其次才是确凿度

12、若试样的分析结果缜密度很好，但确凿度不好，可能原因是···················（A.试样不均匀B.使用试剂含有影响测定的杂质C.使用未校正的容量仪器D.有过失操作

13、分析测定中论述偶然误差正确的是·····························································（A.大小误差出现的几率相等B.正误差出现几率大于负误差C.负误差出现几率大于正误差D.正负误差出现的几率相等

14、以下论述中错误的是····················································································（A.方法误差属于系统误差B.系统误差包括操作误差C.系统误差又称可测误差D.系统误差呈正态分布

2

）

）

））

）

）

15、下述状况，使分析结果产生负误差的是·····················································（）A.用HCL标准溶液滴定碱时，测定管内壁挂水珠

B.用于标定溶液的基准物质吸湿

C.测定H2C2O4·H2O摩尔质量时，H2C2O4·2H2O失水D.滴定前用标准溶液荡洗了锥瓶

16、对SiO2标样（SiO2%=37.45）测定5次，结果如下:37.40（x1）%，37.20（x2）%，

37.30（x3）%，37.50（x4）%，37.30（x5）%。其相对误差（%）是········（）A.0.29B.—0.29C.0.58D.－0.58

17、对16题，其相对平均值的标准偏差（相对平均值的缜密度）是···············（）

A.0.31B.0.051C.－0.14D.0.14

18、可以减少偶然误差的方法是··········································································（）

A.进行仪器校正B.作对照试验C.作空白试验D.增加平行测定次数

19、可以减免分析测试中系统误差的方法是·······················································（）

A.进行仪器校正B.认真细心操作C.作空白试验D.增加平行测定次数

20、计算x=11.05+1.3153+1.225+25.0678，答案x应为······································（）

A.38.66B.38.6581C.38.64D.38.6721、下面结果应以几位有效数字报出

0.1010(25.00?24.80)··························（）

1.0000A.5位B.3位C.4位D.2位

22、用NaOH滴定HAc，以酚酞出指示剂滴到pH=9，会引起··························（）

A.正误差B.负误差C.操作误差D.过失误差

23、碱式滴定管气泡未赶出，滴定过程中气泡消失，会导致·····························（）A.滴定体积减小B.滴定体积增大C.对测定无影响D.若为标定NaOH浓度，会使标定的浓度减小

24、某人对试样测定5次，求得各次测定值xi与平均值x的偏差d分别:+0.04，－0.02，

3

+0.01，－0.01，+0.06。此计算结果是··························································（）A.正确的B.不正确的C.全部结果正值D.全部结果负值

25、偶然误差正态分布曲线的两个重要参数是····················································（）

A.确凿度和缜密度B.F检验和t检验C.标准偏差?和总体平均值μD.置信度和可靠性范围

26、有限次测量结果的偶然误差是听从·······························································（）

A.正态分布B.t分布C.高斯分布D.泊松分布27、x%?0.1000(25.00?24.50)?246.47······（）?100算式的有效数字位数为

1.000?1000A.2位B.3位C.4位D.5位

28、若已知一组测量数据的总体标准偏差?，要检验该组数据是否符合正态分布，则应

用····················································································································（）A.t检验B.F检验C.Q检验D.u检验

29、有两组分析数据，要比较它们的缜密度有无显著差异，则应用·················（）

A.t检验B.F检验C.Q检验D.u检验30、衡量样本平均值的离散程度时，应采用·······················································（）

A.变异系数B.标准偏差C.全距D.平均值的标准偏差

31、在置信度为95%时，测得Al2O3的平均值的置信区间为35.21±0.10，其意义是

························································································································（）A.在所测定的数据中有95%的数据在此区间内

B.若再进行测定系列数据，将有95%落入此区间C.总体平均值μ落入此区间的概率为95%D.在此区间内包括总体平均值μ的把握有95%

32、欲将测定结果的平均值与标准值之间进行比较，看有无显著性差异，则应当用

4

························································································································（）A.t检验B.F检验C.Q检验D.u检验

33、欲将两组测定结果进行比较，看有无显著性差异，则应当用·····················（）

A.先用t检验，后用F检验B.先用F检验，后用t检验C.先用Q检验，后用t检验D.先用u检验，再用t检验

34、将0.0089gBaSO4，其以下换算因数中，表达应为·······································（）

A.0.59B.0.588C.0.5884D.0.58837

35、已知金矿中Au%标准值为12.2g/t，?=0.2g/t。求分析结果小于11.6g/t的概率。36、对含铁试样进行150次分析，已知结果符合正态分布N（55.20，0.202），求分析结

果大于55.60%的最可能出现的次数。