2022-2023年山东省济南市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年山东省济南市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Accordingtothepassage,______canpostponetheprocessofcelldecayanddecreasethechancesofcellsbecomingcancerous.

2.

Thehydrogencanbegeneratedfrom__________________orproducedbyreformingfossilfuels.

3.

Withthedevelopmentofspread-spectrumtechnique,wemayuseBluetoothconnectionasasubstituteforcellphone.

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4.

Accordingtothepassage,thesuggestionsinTheOrganizedExecutiveare______.

5.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1～7,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8～10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HotDogsandApplePie

America'sfavoritefoods

TodaywetellaboutsomeofthefoodsthatAmericanslikebest-America'sfavorites.YoumayhaveheardthatAmericanslikehotdogsandhamburgersbestofallfoods.Well,farmersandownersofpubliceatingplacesmighthappilyagree.Somightthenation'sMeatInstituteandtheNationalHotDog＆SausageCouncil.Butpeoplewhosefavoritesarepizzaandapplepiewouldgivethemeatloversaspiritedargument!

NamingthefavoritefoodsofAmericansdependsalotonwhomyouask.Butonethingissure.TheancestorsofmostAmericanscamefromothercountries.TheUnitedStatesowesmanyfavoritedishes,ortheideasforthesefoods,totherestoftheworld.

Forexample,thattraditionalAmericanfavorite,thehotdogorwiener,haditsmodernbeginninginGermany.TheNationalHotDogandSausageCouncilestimatethatAmericanseataboutseventhousandmillionofthesesausagesduringasummer.

HotDog

Ahotdogisusuallymadefrompork,themeatofapig.Oritismadefrombeef,themeatofacow.Anotherversionismadefromturkey.Avegetarianversionofahotdoghasnomeatatall.Itoftencontainstofu,madefromsoyplants.

Thehotdogisshapedlikeatube.ManypeoplesayitlookslikeaDachshunddog.Itisservedbetweentwoshapedpiecesofbreadcalledabun.Americansoftensaytheyespeciallylikehotdogscookedoverahotfireintheopenair.Peopleatsportseventsbuyplentyofhotdogs.

Formanypeople,itisnotjustthemeatthattastessogood.Thesepeopleenjoycolorfulandtastyadditions.Forexample,theyincludeayelloworyellow-brownthickenedliquidcalledmustard.Theymayalsoputredcatsupandpiecesofawhiteorred,strong-smellingvegetablecalledonionontheirhotdogs.

Hotdogeatersoftenaddpickle,asaltygreenvegetable.Somepeopleplacebarbecuesauceontopofallthis.Ortheyuseaspicecalledhorseradish.Itgivesthehotdogapleasantbite.

HotDog'sStory

Ahotdogisalsoknownasafrankfurterorfrank.ThatisbecausethecityofFrankfurt-am-Main.Germanyisoftensaidtobethebirthplaceofthissausage.ButtheNationalHotDogandSausageCouncilsaysthereareotherideasaboutwherethehotdogbegan.

Oneversionofhotdoghistorysaysabutcher,ormeatcutter,fromtheGermancityofCoburgwasresponsible.Itsaysheinventedthehotdoginthelatesixteenhundreds.Vienna,Austria,alsoclaimsthatitcreatedthefood.

ThecouncilsaysbutchersfromseveralcountriesprobablybroughtcommonEuropeansausagestoAmerica.AstreetsalesmansoldhotdogstopeopleinNewYorkCityintheeighteensixties.And,ineighteenseventyone,ahotdogstandopenedattheConeyIslandamusementparkinNewYorkCity.

Hamburgers

Americansalsoeatlotsofhamburgers.Thisgroundmeatcomesfrombeef.Itcanbecookedinmanyways.Likehotdogs,hamburgersareafavoritepicnicfood.

ManypubliceatingplacesintheUnite

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6.Hereareninefail-proof(奏效的)waystoensureyourfamily'sfinancialwell-being.

WhattoDoToday

"Yourdad'sinabadway.You'dbettercomehomeimmediately."InthedaysandmonthsafterCatherineFredmangotthephonecallfromherfather'sneighbor,theserf-employedwriterandhersister,acollegeprofessor,agonized(感到苦恼)overtheirfather'smedicalconditionandtreatmentchoices.

Buttheyneverhadtoworryaboutcompromisinghiscarebecauseofthecost."Thankgoodnessmyfatherhadboughtlong-term-careinsurance,"Fredmansays."Hewasinhospitalsandrehabfacilities(康复中心)foreightmonthsrecoveringfromLymedisease.Thelong-term-careinsurancepaidmorethan＄20,000thatwouldnothavebeencoveredbyMedicareandhissupplementalhealthinsurance."

It'snevertooearlytoprotectyourfamily'sfinancialwell-being.Yetbecausemostofusaresobusyjugglingworkandfamilycommitments,wetendtoneglectthethingsthatdon'trequireimmediateattention.Someday,wethink,we'lltakecareofthethreeessentials—retirementsavings,insurancecoverageandestateplanning.Unfortunately,emergenciescanstrikeandthenit'stoolate."Failuretoplanisahugemistake,"BarbaraRaasch,managingdirectoratWealthandTaxAdvisoryServices,Inc.,toldme.

Howcanyouavoidthe"shouldhave,couldhave,wouldhave"scenario?Byputtingthesethreeitemsatthetopofyour"todo"list—protectyourfuture,protectyourfamilyandprotectyourlegacy.

ProtectYourFuture

Thenationalsavingsrateaveragedaround0.4%forthefirsthalfof2005,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofCommerce,meaningAmericansspentawhopping99.6%oftheirafter-taxearnings.Evenmorefrightening,inJulythesavingsratedroppedbelowzero.Weallknowweshouldsavemore.Butwithsomanygoalstosavefor—ahouse,thekids'collegetuition,yourretirement,occasionalvacationsandasmallemergencyfund—it'seasytofeelthere'sjustnotenoughmoneytodeitall.

1.Budget.Thefirststepistocreateabudget.Onceyouknowwhatyou'respendingyourmoneyon,youcanfigureoutwhatyoudon'tneedtospenditon—andsockthosesavingsaway."Everymonthyouhavetopayyourselffirst,"saysJoeMoglia,CEOofAmeritrade."Takealittleoutofyourpaycheck."Itdoesn'thavetobemuch—itcouldbeforegoingthatextralatteorgettingtheDVDfreeatthelibrary.

2.Retirement.JustabouteverysurveyofAmericaninvestorsthesedaysshowsthatretirementisamainreasonforsaving.Yetanastoundingnumberofpeopleignoretheopportunitiesofferedbyemployment-basedretirementplans.AccordingtoarecentsurveybyAonConsulting,morethan20%ofthoseeligiblefora401kplandonotparticipateatall,whileanother53%donotsaveataratehighenoughtotakefulladvantageoftheiremployers'matchingcontribution—theclosestthingtofreemoneyintheretirementsavingsuniverse.Consideritmoneythatgrowswithoutbeingtaxed.

3.Emergencyreserves.Manyfinancialplannersrecommendthatyouhaveenoughmoneyinasavingsormoney-marketaccountforatleastsixtoninemonthsofessentialexpenses,includingyourmortgageorrent,insurancepremiums,creditcardpayments,utilityandgrocerybillsandotherfixedexpenses,suchascarpaymentsorstudentloans.Andit'salwaysagoodideatohavecashonhand.Duringtheblackoutof2003,theATMsinmyneighborhoodwereout,butwehadabout＄500inthehouse,enoughtocoverourimmediateneedsforaweekorso.

ProtectYourFamily

Amajorillness,anextendeddisabilityorthelossofajobcouldwipeoutyourfinancialreservesandanyprospectofbeingabletosaveenoughtoachieveyourotherlifegoals.Here'swhatyouneedtoprotectyoursavings:

4.Healthinsurance.Arecen

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7.

Theauthorsuggeststhatthewifekeepthemoneywhilethehusbanddecideshowtospendit.

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8.

MarkTwaingotmarriedwhenhewas______yearsold.

9.Library

Thelibraryisaplacewherebooks,journals,microfilms,audioandvisualmaterialsarekeptandorganizedtosupportthecultural,informational,recreational,andeducationalneedsofthegeneralpublicorspecificgroupsofusers.Recentadvancesincomputingandcommunicationtechnologieshavetransformedthecontemporarylibrary:itisnotonlyawarehouse,butnowalsoanactivememberinavastnetworkoflibrariesanddatabanksthroughwhichusershaveaccesstoaworld-widestoreofrecordedknowledge.

Themostcommonkindsoflibrariesarepubliclibrariesandthoseofschools,collegesanduniversities,andgovernment.Inaddition,manyspecializedlibrariesservingindustry,commerce,themedia,andtheprofessionshavebeenestablishedduringthepasthalfcentury.IntheUnitedStatesandCanadaalonemorethan135,000librariesexist,ranginginsizefromtheLibraryofCongresstothesmallestelementaryschoolfacilities.

ClassificationSystemsandtheCatalog

Libraryclassificationsystemspermituserstofindaparticularbookorauthor,ortodiscoverwhatbooksonaparticularsubjectareheldbythelibrary.Mostlibrariesuseoneofthreemajorclassificationsystems:theDeweyDecimalSystem,inventedbyMelvilDewey;theUniversalDecimalClassification,aEuropeanadaptationofDewey;orasystemdevelopedbytheLibraryofCongress.Thelibrary'scatalognotonlyliststhelibrary'scontentsbutalsoanalyzesthem,sothatallworksbyanindividualauthor,allworksonagivensubject,andallworksinaspecificcategory(dictionaries,music,ormaps,forexample)canbeeasilylocatedbyreaders.Themodemcatalogisapracticaltoolthatistheresultoftheanalysisofthesubject,category,andcontentsofbooks,videocassettes,microfilms,compactdiscs,andahostofotherinformationalvehicles.

Thelibrary'sowncardcatalogisonlyoneofthemanyformsinwhichcatalogandbibliographicmaterialsareavailable.LargelibrariesowntheNationalUnionCatalog,forexample,acumulativelistingofthelibraryresourcesoftheLibraryofCongressandothermajorandspecializedlibrariesintheUnitedStatesandCanada.SpecializedlibrariesmayownorsubscribetosuchspecializedcatalogsastheEighteenthCenturyShortTitleCatalog(ESTC),acomputerizeddatabaselistingeverypublication--book,pamphlet,orsinglesheet--printedbetween170land1800inEnglishor,ifinaforeignlanguage,inEnglish-speakingcountries.

Catalogingandclassifyingareexpensiveprocesses.Manylibrariescutexpensesbysubscribingtoacomputerizedbibliographicservice.Tolocatematerialsthatarenotamongits.holdings,alibrarymayinquiretheOnlineComputerLibraryCenter(OCLC)ortheResearchLibrariesInformationNetwork(RLIN),whicharethetwomajornationalcatalognetworks.Throughtheircomputerizeddatabases,thesenetworksofferinterlibraryloanservicesthatcanoperate,ifnecessary,acrossthecontinent.

History

TheearliestancientlibrarieswereclaytabletstoreroomsinancientMesopotamia,andthelaterpapyrusscrolllibrariesinEgypt,Greece,andRome.Ashurbanipal'slibraryinNineveh(7thcenturyBC)consistedofthousandsofinscribedclaytabletsrecordinglaws,astronomicaldata,commercialtransactions,narrativepoems,androyalhappenings.A30,000-tabletlibraryhasbeendiscoveredatdiggingsintheancientSumeriancityofNippur,andotherextensivelibrarieshavebeenfoundthroughouttheMesopotamianregion.

TheearliestlargeGreeklibraryistracedtoAristotle(4thcenturyBC),butthegreatestwasestablished(3dcenturyBC)byPtolemyIinthemuseumatAlexandria,Egypt.Scholarstherecopied,revisedandeditedworksoftheclassicalGreekwriters.Theircopiesofancientworksbecamethestandardeditionsonwhichother

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10.

Accordingtosomeresearchers'criteria,gossipsaboutfamouspeoplearenotrealgossips.

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11.TheInternetandmediacompanieshaverealizedtheimplicitvaluationsofsocialnetworking,buthaven'tmadeitaworkingrevenuemodel.

12.

Inordertofillyourmindwithenjoyablemoments,youjustneedbringyourmindbackwhen______.

13.

Thenumberof______intheU.S.laborforceisexpectedtoincreaseby200

14.StayingSmart:AdviceonNavigatingYourCareer

Millionsofcareerchangesoccureachyear.Somearenatural,butmanymoreoccurinadversecircumstances.Otherforcesatworktodayfurtheraltertheworkenvironment.TheInternettidalwavedestroysexistingbusinessmethodsandcreatesnewones.Manyjobsgetshakenupintheprocess.In1998themomentumoftheAsianeconomieswentfromfast-forwardtoreverse.Withtheirappetitefornewproductsandservices,thesecountrieshadfueledeconomicgrowthallovertheworld.Thechangeintheirfortuneshasaffectedanduntoldnumberofcareersthroughouttheworld.

Clearly,environmentalchangeslikethesebegetstrategicinflectionpointsforcompanies.Evenmoreacutely,however,theybringcareerinflectionpointstotheemployeesofthosecompanies.

YourCareerisYourBusiness

Everyperson,whetherheisanemployeeorself-employed,islikeanindividualbusiness.Yourcareerisyourbusiness,andyouareitsCEO.JustliketheCEOofalargecorporation,youmustrespondtomarketforces,headoffcompetitors,andbealerttothepossibilitythatwhatyouaredoingcanbedoneinadifferentway.Youmustprotectyourcareerfromharmandpositionyourselftobenefitfromchangesintheoperatingenvironment.Thisbusinessofoneoftenencountersadefiningpointwhereanactionyoutakewilldeterminewhetheryourcareerbouncesupwardorslumpsintodecline.Let'scallitacareerinflectionpoint.

Acareerinflectionpointmostoftenresetsfromasubtlebutprofoundshiftintheoperatingenvironmentinwhichyouwork,ashiftthatdemandsthatyourespondwithaction.Thisactionwillnotnecessarilyintroduceanimmediatediscontinuityintoyourcareer,butitmayunleashforcesthatintimewillhavealastingandsignificanteffect.Astrategicinflectionpointreflectsawrenchingmomentinthelifeofacompany,hottheeffortofnavigatingthroughitisspreadamongmembersofacommunity.Careerinflectionpointsaremoreintense,becauseeverythingrestsontheshouldersofoneindividual—you.

Careerinflectionpointshappentoeveryone.ConsiderthecaseofabusinessjournalistIknow.Thismanusedtobeabanker.Hewashappilyandproductivelyemployeduntilthedayhewenttoworkandlearnedthathisemployerhadbeenacquiredbyalargerbank.Inshortorderhewasoutofajob.Hethenbecameastockbroker.Forawhile,thingswentwellandthefuturelookedpromising.However,ashorttimebeforewemet,onlinebrokeragefirmsstartedtoappear.Severalofthisman'sclientslefthim,preferringtodotheirbusinesswithlow-costonlinefirms.Thehandwritingwasonthewall.

Thistimeourmandecidedtomakehismoveearly.Hehadalwayshadaninterestinandaptitudeforwriting.Buildingonthefinancialknowledgehehadalreadyacquired,hefoundhimselfajobasabusinessjournalist,alesslucrativepositionbutonelesslikelytobedoneinbytechnology.Thistransitionwasnotastraumatic(痛苦而难忘的)asthemovefrombanktobrokerage;thistimehehadinitiateditratherthanwaitingforchangetobeforcedonhimbyoutsideforces.

Toknowwhetheryou'refacingacareerinflectionpoint,youmustbealerttochangesinyourenvironment.Workinginsideanorganization,you'reoftenshelteredfromtheworldatlarge.Insomewaysyoutacitlyrelinquish(放弃)responsibilityforyourwe[faretoyouremployer.Butifyoutakeyoureyesofftheenvironmentinwhichyourcompanyoperates,youmaybethelasttoknowofpotentialchangesthatcouldhaveanimpactonyourcareer.

TheMentalFireDrill

Youshouldtrainyourselftolookforstrategicinflectionpointsthatmayaffectyourcareer.Simplyput,youneedtobealittleparanoidaboutyourcareer.

Onewaytodothisistogothroughamental

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15.

Businessexecutiveswhoarenotalerttoculturaldifferencessimplycannotfunctionefficientlyoverseasandfailuretoresearchandunderstandaculturehasledtomanyinternationalbusinessblunders.

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16.Algaeundernormalconditionsinrivers______.

A.consumetheavailablenutrients

B.maketheoxygenbalance

C.forceotherorganismsoutofrivers

D.overgrowanddie

17.

AccordingtothepollbytheNationalSleepFoundation，comparedtothatofwomen，thenumberofmenwithsnoringproblemis_____.

A.largerB.smallerC.nearlythesameD.quitedifferent

18.

Iftheengineis______yourcarwillsendoutmorepollutionandconsumemoregas.

19.

Currentnewweight-lossdrugsarenot______forlong-termusebecausetheycangivegreaterweightlosswithmoresideeffects.

20.

Thesolarspectrumincludesvisiblelight,infraredlight,X-rays,and______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(17)

A.Sheshouldbecarefulabouthowtospendhermoney.

B.Sheshouldnotbuythebrownsuit.

C.Sheshouldthinkcarefullywhenshewantstobuythebrownsuit.

D.Hewouldhelphertobuythebrownsuit.

22.

【B7】

23.(19)

A.Shewillgotoworkbybike.

B.Shewilltakeabustotheoffice.

C.Shewillgettoworkbytaxi.

D.Shewillwalktotheoffice.

24.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Dogswerefirstdomesticatedfromwolvesatleast17,000yearsago,butperhapsasearlyas150,000yearsagobaseduponrecentgeneticfossilandDNA【B1】______.Inthistime,thedoghasdevelopedintohundredsofbreedswithagreatdegreeof【B2】______.Forexample,heightsattheshoulderrangefromjustafewinchestoroughlythreefeet,andcolorsrangefromwhitetoblack,withreds,grays,andbrowns【B3】______intremendous【B4】______.

Dogsarehighlysocialanimalsandthis【B5】______intheiroverallbehavioralsystem【B6】______fortheirtrainability,playfulness,andabilitytofitintohuman【B7】______andsocialsituations.Thishasearneddogsa【B8】______positionintherealmofinterspeciesrelationships.【B9】_____________________arethoughttobereflectionsofthehumanideaofloveandfriendship,leadingmanydogownerstoviewtheirpetsasfullfledgedfamilymembers.Dogsseemtoviewtheirhumancompanionsasmembersoftheirpack,andmakefew,ifany,distinctionsbetweentheirownersandfellowcanines.【B10】__________________________.Fordogsthatdonothavetraditionaljobs,awiderangeofdogsportsprovidetheopportunitytoexhibittheirnaturaldogskills.Inmanycountries,themostcommonandperhapsmostimportantroleofdogsisascompanions.Dogshavelivedwithandworkedwithhumansinsomanyrolesthat【B11】____________________________.

【B1】

25.

【B11】

26.(28)

A.Ithasshownthataspirincanimprovesurvivalincoloncancerpatients.

B.Ithasshownthatcoloncancerhadnotspreadtootherpartsofthebody.

C.Ithasshownthataspirinusersincreasedthirtypercentrisksfromtheircancer.

D.Ithasshownthataspirinhadbeendiscoveredforelevenyears.

27.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtoworktogetherwithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren~Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecarefulthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame，manyparentsandcoachesdirecttheirattentionontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforce-mentmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticismAgain,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatean【B1】______amountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbe【B2】______,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhas【B3】______thatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingor【B4】______ofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluable【B5】______cantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtoworktogetherwithothers,makefriends,and【B6】______othersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheir【B7】______toyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren~Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfinda【B8】______inthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecarefulthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.【B9】______.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.【B10】______.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.【B11】______Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

【B1】

28.听力原文：M:HowdidyoulikeourAmericanHistoryclassyesterday?W:Well,Ididenjoyit,butIdidn'texactlybuyeverythingBarnumsaideither.

M:Youmeanhisviewthattheearlyframersoftheconstitutionreallydidn'twantdemocracyasweknowittoday?

W:Well"asweknowittoday"Icanaccept.Butwhenhestatesthattherewasnoaffinitytowardsdemocracyasitwasunderstoodthenwell...tomethisjustsoundslikehistoricalrevisionism.

M:Well,surelyyouhavetoadmitthattheirconceptofdemocracywasnot"democratic".Afterall,manygroupsincludingthosewithoutland,women,blacksandmanyotherswereshutoutofparticipatinginthenewsystem.

W:Yes,butwhenwelookatwhatwecalldemocracytodaytherearestillgroupsshutoutofbeingabletovoteinAmerica,suchaschildrenandconvictedpeople.Also,Ithinkitisfairtosaythatmanygroupsfinditstillverydifficulttoparticipate.Sowedon'thavecompletedemocracyeventoday.

M:Yes,butIthinkheisbasinghisargumentsonthefactualtranscriptsoftheearlyFoundingFathersrealizingthattheydidn'tliketousetheterm"democracy"andsomeevenheapedscornonit.

W:Perhapsitwasjustthatthetermhadadifferentmeaningfromthewayitisusedtoday.

M:ButIthinkitisfairtosaythatdemocracywasn'texactlyinfashion.Andperhapsitisworthwhiletodrawadistinctionbetweenlibertyanddemocracy,sincetherelationshipbetweenthetwoissomewhatblurry.

W:ButifyouaretosaythatAmericawasnotademocracyinthebeginningthenyoumightaswellsayitisnotonetodayeitherbecausethestructuresoffederalism,3branchgovernmentandchecksandbalancesarebasicallythesameasitwasover200yearsago.

M:Youmayhaveapointthere,mostoftheconstitutionremainsintact,middespitethefactthatAmericaismuchclosertoatruedemocracythanitwaseven50yearsago,it'sstillafairwayfrombeingideal.

W:Right,andifyouapplythedemocracytoanidealyouwillgetnowhere.IwishBarnumwaslisteningtousrightnow.

M:Well,here'syourchancetochallengehimrightnow.Iseehimcomingourway.

W:Areyoujoking?IstillneedtogetadecentmarkinthiscourseandI'mnotdoingitbymakinghimangry.

(23)

A.Shelovedit.

B.Shedisagreedwithtoomuchofittoenjoy.

C.Shethoughtitwasjustsoso.

D.ShelikedtheclassbutdisagreedwiththeProfessor.

29.(32)

A.Theyaremoreexpensivethanearlierpolicies.

B.Theyremainmuchsimilartoearlierpolicies.

C.Theyarecheaperthanearlierpolicies.

D.Theygreatlydifferfromtheearlierpolicies.

30.

【B8】

31.听力原文：Whathashappenedtotheyouthoftoday?PeopleOftheoldergenerationsaskthisquestion.Yet,forsometimenowamovementhasbeendevelopingamongouryoungpeople.Itiscalled"StraightEdge"anditsfollowersareattemptingtoovercomethepoisonsoflife.TheleaderofthismovementisIanMckays,aformerWashingtonsinger.Hewasthepersonwhosetthegoalofthismovement:nosmoking,nodrinking,nodrugs.Sinceitsbirthin1981,themovementhasspreadtoEuropeandisgrowingworldwide.

LutzDinslage,19,hasbeenoneofthemovement'sfollowersforayearnow."Myfriendsfirstintroducedmetothemovement,andIbecameinterestedinit.IbegantorealizethatInolongerwantedtocreatefalsefeelingsofhappinessbysmoking,drinkingortakingdrugs.Ididnotwanttojustmess