EIM Book 2 Unit 7 Disaster!单元知识要点

EnglishinMindBook2Unit7Disaster!Part1P54-55WordListdisaster[dɪˈzɑːstə(r)]n.灾难 nuclear[ˈnjuːkliə(r)]adj.原子能的，核能的bomb[bɒm]n.炸弹，核武器；v.轰炸 flood[flʌd]n.洪水；v.淹没，大量涌入volcano[vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ]n.火山 hurricane[ˈhʌrɪkən]n.飓风rescue[ˈreskjuː]v.营救，援救，抢救；n.救援 damage[ˈdæmɪdʒ]un.(有形的)损坏；v.破坏steal[stiːl]v.偷，窃取(~-stole-stolen) rob[rɒb]v.抢劫confuse[kənˈfjuːz]v.使糊涂，使迷惑，(将…)混淆 earthquake[ˈɜːθkweɪk]n.地震complete[kəmˈpliːt]v.完成；adj.完全的，彻底的 tsunami[tsuːˈnɑːmi]n.海啸mayor[meə(r)]n.镇长，市长，郡长 seem[siːm]v.好像，似乎crack[kræk]v.裂开，断开；n.裂纹 collapse[kəˈlæps]v.(突然)倒塌，坍塌，(因病)晕倒starving[ˈstɑːvɪŋ]adj.饿极了的，饿得慌的 homeless[ˈhəʊmləs]adj.无家可归的estimate[ˈestɪmət]v.估价，估算；n.估价 summary[ˈsʌməri]n.总结destroy[dɪˈstrɔɪ]v.摧毁，毁灭，破坏 deadly[ˈdedli]adj.(可能)致命的，致死的 BeingUnderstoodcategory[ˈkætəɡəri]n.类别，种类 theBerlinWall柏林墙theEmpireStateBuilding帝国大厦 theStatueofLiberty自由女神像Pompein.庞贝古城(古罗马城市) levee[ˈlevi]n.防洪堤WordTransformationrob[rɒb]v.抢劫robber[ˈrɒbə(r)]n.强盗，抢劫犯robbery[ˈrɒbəri]n.盗窃，抢劫confuse[kənˈfjuːz]v.使糊涂，使迷惑，(将…)混淆confused[kənˈfjuːzd]adj.糊涂的，迷惑的confusing[kənˈfjuːzɪŋ]难以理解的，不清楚的complete[kəmˈpliːt]v.完成；adj.完全的，彻底的completely[kəmˈpliːtli]adv.彻底地，完全地Phrases&Sentencesatotalof总计Atotalof24%heend最后=atlast=finallyattheendofsth在…的最后Attheendofthemoviethebigkillerappearedagain.[inthebeginning一开始/atthebeginning/startof在…开始的时候]crossoversp穿越某地havenowayofdoing没法做某事there’snoway(forsb)todosthWehavenowayofprovingwearenotself-fish.keepsthout将…排除在外Thewallsarebuilttokeeptherobbersout.alargeamountof=quitealittle=agreatdealof+un大量的…alargenumberof=quiteafew+cn大量的beonfire着火（延续）Lookatthatsmoke,thatbuildingmustbeonfire.catchfire着火（瞬间）Stonebuildingsarenoteasytocatchfire.setfiretosth放火Aboysetfiretoafirework,anditburnedonthesticks.putthefireout灭火Wejusttriedtoputthefireoutbeforeitdamagedthehouse.thehomeless=thehomelesspeople无家可归的人[the+adj.表一类人，作主语，谓语动词用复数]berescuedby被…营救Thelittlegirlwasrescuedbythepoliceintheend.bedamagedby被…损坏Mygrandparents’housewasdamagedbyanearthquakelastyear.befloodedwith被…淹没Thecityhasalmostbeenflooded.insouthChina=insouthernChina=inthesouthofChina=inthesouthernpartofChinaconfuseAwithB把…跟…混淆Peopleoftenconfusemewithmyolderbrother.knockdown拆毁（建筑物）,（被车）撞倒inhumanhistory在人类历史上Complexsentence(复杂句):Itseems(tosb)that+句子。Itseemsthatitismoredifficultforwomentogettothetopofthecompany.Itseemsthatnooneknowswhathashappenedinthepark.Itseemstomethathehasknowneverything.Simplesentence(简单句):Sb/Sthseemtodosth.[Sb/Sthseem(tobe)adj./n.]Theyoungmanseemedtohavechangedmuch.Mrs.greendoesn’tseem(或seemnot)toliketheidea.Themanoverthereseemstobeanewlawyer.语法运用(简单句与复杂句的转换)：Sb./Sth.seemtoV动.=Itseemsthatsb.+V动(动词有实义动词和be动词两种，注意时态和主谓一致)Heseemstoleave.=Itseemsthathewillleave.Mymotherseems(tobe)satisfiedwithmydaughter’sperformance.=Itseemsthatmymotherissatisfiedwithmydaughter’sperformance.Before(after)+doingsth.=Before(after)sb.+V,sb.+V.Beforesleeping,hedrankaglassofmilk.=Beforeheslept,hedrankaglassofmilk.While/whendoingsth.=Whilesb.+be+doingsth.=Whensb.+be+doingsth./When+sb.+V.Whilelisteningtotheteacher,youshoulddosomenotes.=Whileyou’relisteningtotheteacher,youshoulddosomenotes.find/consider/feel/thinkit+adj.+todo=find/consider/feel/thinkthatitis+adj.+todoTheyfounditdifficulttolearnEnglish.=TheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglish.find/consider/feelsb.(宾格)+adj.=find/consider/feel(that)sb.(主格)+be+adj.Wefindherlazy.=Wefind(that)sheislazy.Sb.+be+done(believed/said/reported…)+to+do.=Itisdone(believed/said/reported…)+that+Sb.+V.Maryisbelievedtohavethemostdresses.=ItisbelievedthatMaryhasthemostdresses.tooadj./adv.(forsb)to.../…(not)adj./adv.enough(forsb)todo.../soadj./adv.that...Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Theexerciseiseasyenoughtofinish.=Theexerciseissoeasythatwecanfinishit.soastodo/inordertodo/todo=inorderthat/sothatsb.candoIstudyhardinorderto(soasto/to)gotouniversity.=Istudyhardinorderthat(sothat)Icangotouniversity.at(theageof)+基数词=whensb.+was/were+基数词Ateight,shewentabroadtostudy.=Shewentabroadtostudywhenshewaseight.inone’schildhood/asachild=whensb.wasachild.Ilivedwithmygrandparentsinmychildhood.=IlivedwithmygrandparentswhenIwasachild.becauseof+n.=because+sb.+V.Ididn’tgotothepartybecauseoftheheavyrain.=Ididn’tgotothepartybecauseitrainedheavily.withone’shelp=becausesbhelp...Sallypassedthedrivingtestwithhersister’shelp.=Sallypassedthedrivingtestbecausehersisterhelpedher.withoutsth.=ifthere’snosth./sb.+don’t+dosth.Icould’tsucceedwithoutyourhelp.=Icould’tsucceedifyoudidn’thelpme.分词作后置定语的情况:ThegirlcalledNancyismyfriend.=ThegirlwhoiscalledNancyismyfriend.ThegirlcallingherselfNancyismyfriend.=ThegirlwhocallsherselfNancyismyfriend.过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。现在分词作后置定语，相当于一个含主动语态的定语从句。ThegirlstudyingatCambridgeUniversityismysister.Thegirlwhostudies(isstudying)atCambridgeUniversityismysister.Part2P56-57WordListflying[ˈflaɪɪŋ]adj.能飞的 insect[ˈɪnsekt]n.昆虫locust[ˈləʊkəst]n.蝗虫 swarm[swɔːm]n.一大群(蜜蜂等昆虫)altogether[ˌɔːltəˈɡeðə(r)]adv.总共，总而言之 imagine[ɪˈmædʒɪn]v.想象，设想，认为square[skweə(r)]n.平方，正方形，广场 distance[ˈdɪstəns]n.距离，间距，远方basic[ˈbeɪsɪk]adj.基本的，基础的 harvest[ˈhɑːvɪst]n.收成；v.收(庄稼)，捕猎(动物)cause[kɔːz]v.造成，导致；n.原因，起因 certain[ˈsɜːtn]adj.肯定，确信；pron.某个，某些mention[ˈmenʃn]v.提到 field[fiːld]n.田，地，牧场，场地harm[hɑːm]n.&v.伤害，损害 fearn.&v.害怕，惧怕BeingUnderstoodenormous[ɪˈnɔːməs]adj.巨大的，庞大的 proportion[prəˈpɔːʃn]n.份额，比例volcano[vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ]n.火山 article[ˈɑːtɪkl]

n.冠词zeroarticle零冠词 theMiddleEast中东WordTransformationflying[ˈflaɪɪŋ]adj.能飞的flyv.飞(-flew-flown)flightn.航班weigh[weɪ]v.称重量weight[weɪt]n.重量，重物basic[ˈbeɪsɪk]adj.基本的，基础的basically[ˈbeɪsɪkli]adv.大体上，基本上hunger[ˈhʌŋɡə(r)]n.饥饿hungryadj.饥饿的glassn.玻璃，玻璃杯glassesn.玻璃杯，眼镜harm[hɑːm]n.&v.伤害，损害harmful[ˈhɑːmfl]adj.(尤指对健康或环境)有害的harmless[ˈhɑːmləs]adj.无害的fearn.&v.害怕，惧怕fearful[ˈfɪəfl]adj.恐惧的distance[ˈdɪstəns]n.距离，间距，远方distant[ˈdɪstənt]adj.遥远的imagine[ɪˈmædʒɪn]v.想象，设想，认为imaginary[ɪˈmædʒɪnəri]adj.幻想的，虚构的imaginative[ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv]adj.富于想象力的imagination[ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn]n.想象力，想象eruption[ɪ'rʌpʃ(ə)n]n.爆(喷)发erupt[ɪˈrʌpt]v.(火山)爆发，(岩浆、烟等)喷出powerful[ˈpaʊəfl]adj.强有力的powerless[ˈpaʊələs]adj.无能为力的power[ˈpaʊə(r)]权力，能力Phrases&Sentencesthenumberof+可数名词复数,谓语动词用单数,译为“…的数量”Thenumberofhomelesspeoplehasincreaseddramatically.anumberof+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数,译为“一些…”Anumberofhouseswereburntdowninthefire.aswarmof一大群Aswarmofjournalistsfollowedthefilmstar’scar.km²(squarekilometers)平方千米basicfacts基本事实;基本情况Atfirst,Ineedtoknowsomebasicfactsaboutcomputers.Whatproportionoftheworld’spopulationcanbeindangerbecauseoflocustswarms?runaway=escape逃离,逃跑feartodosth.害怕做某事befearfulofsth.=beafraidofsth.Shefearedtotellhimthetruth.她不敢把真相告诉他。itdoesnoharm(forsb)todosth做某事没有什么坏处beharmfultosb/sth(尤指对健康或环境)有害的Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,吸烟有害健康。语法：冠词用法冠词(article)分为不定冠词a(an)、定冠词the和零冠词(不用冠词的情况)。不定冠词一般表示泛指；定冠词一般表示特指。零冠词(Zeroarticles)即是指名词前面没有不定冠词、定冠词，也没有其他限定词的现象。定冠词the的用法:表示上文提到过的人或事物。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionarythismorning.Thedictionaryisverygood.用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld,theair,theland,thesea用于乐器名词前，但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。playthepiano,playerhu用于姓氏的复数前，表示“两夫妇”或“全家”。TheSmithswatchTVeveryday.用于某些形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物。thepoor/poor/disabled…用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。Johnisthefirstboytoarriveatschool.用在方向名词和某些表示时间的词组或习惯用语前。ontheright/inthemorning用于逢整十数词的复数前，表示某个年代。inthe1980s在20世纪80年代Hebegantoworkinhisfifties.他五十多岁才开始工作。零冠词的用法：月、季、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔、职位、三餐，球类，惯用语、学科、棋类，表抽像时候的名词前。InSeptember;onWednesday;onFather’sDay;playbasketball/chess;gotohospital…Part3P58-59WordListuninhabitable[ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbl]adj.不宜居住的 neighbor['neɪbə(r)]n.邻居cliff[klɪf]n.悬崖，峭壁[pl.cliffs] tiny[ˈtaɪni]adj.微小的，很少的rough[rʌf]adj.粗糙的，粗野的 frequent[ˈfriːkwənt]adj.频繁的threaten[ˈθretn]v.威胁，恐吓 emission[iˈmɪʃn]n.(光、热、气等的)发射，散发greenhouse[ˈɡriːnhaʊs]n.温室 gas[ɡæs]n.气体rising[ˈraɪzɪŋ]adj.上升的，上涨的 violent[ˈvaɪələnt]adj.暴力的，猛烈的smooth[smuːð]adj.顺利的，平滑的，平滑的 eventually[ɪˈventʃuəli]adv.最后，终于immigrant[ˈɪmɪɡrənt]n.移民 refuse[rɪˈfjuːz]v.拒绝affect[əˈfekt]v.影响BeingUnderstoodTuvalu[ˌtuːvəˈluː]n.图瓦卢国 Tuvaluan[ˌtuːvɑːˈluːən]n.图瓦卢人TheVatican[ˈvætɪkən]梵蒂冈 Nauru[nɑːˈuːruː]n.瑙鲁Monaco[ˈmɒnəkəʊ]n.摩纳哥 petrol[ˈpetrəl]n.汽油cigarette[ˌsɪɡəˈret]n.香烟 helicopter[ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)]n.直升机crack[kræk]v.破裂，裂开，断裂 starve[stɑːv]vt.(使)挨饿，饿死；vi.饿死，挨饿WordTransformationuninhabitable[ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbl]adj.不宜居住的habitable[ˈhæbɪtəbl]adj.适合居住habitat[ˈhæbɪtæt]n.栖息地affect[əˈfekt]v.影响effect[ɪˈfekt]n.影响effective[ɪˈfektɪv]adj.有效的ineffective[ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv]adj.无效果的globe[ɡləʊb]n.地球仪，地球global[ˈɡləʊbl]adj.全球的，全世界的immigrant[ˈɪmɪɡrənt]n.移民immigrate[ˈɪmɪɡreɪt]vi.移入；vt.使移居入境immigration[ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn]n.移居(入境)violent[ˈvaɪələnt]adj.暴力的violence[ˈvaɪələ