小学英语语法总结及练习

小学(xiǎoxué)英语语法总结及练习第一页，共49页。11.口诀(kǒujué)：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are。2.肯定句：IamSarah.Heisateacher.Sheisintheroom.Itisadog.Myhairislong.Wearefamily.Theyarefriends.Hereyesaresmall.

1.Be动词(dòngcí)的用法第二页，共49页。23.否认(fǒurèn)句：IamnotSarah.I'mnotSarah.Heisnotateacher.Sheisnotintheroom.Itisn'tadog.Myhairisn'tlong.Wearenotfamily.Theyarenotfriends.Hereyesaren'tsmall.4.一般疑问句：AmISarah?Yes,youare.No,youaren't.IssheSarah?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.Aretheyfriends?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.Be动词(dòngcí)的用法第三页，共49页。3用am,is,are填空(tiánkòng)1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.3.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?4.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.5.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.6.Whosebook______this?7.______thesebooksSarah's?Be动词(dòngcí)的用法第四页，共49页。41．人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(zhīqián)，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2．物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性那么单独使用，后面不带名词。2.人称(rénchēng)代词和物主代词第五页，共49页。5人称代词物主代词主格（句首做主语）宾格（句尾做宾语）形容词性（名首做主语）名词性（句尾做宾语）Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs人称(rénchēng)代词和物主代词第六页，共49页。6人称代词物主代词主格（句首做主语）宾格（句尾做宾语）形容词性（名首做主语）名词性（句尾做宾语）Imineyourhisherititsweoursthemtheirs人称(rénchēng)代词和物主代词第七页，共49页。71.Isthis_______watch?(you)No,it'snot_______.(I)2.Thatisnot_________book.Thatbookisverysmall,but________isverybig.(I)3.Thebookis______.Giveitto______.(you)4.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)人称(rénchēng)代词和物主代词第八页，共49页。85.______ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosebooksare_________.(he)6._____sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_______.(she)7.Whereare_________?Ican'tfind________.Let'scall________parents.(they)______havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_______classroom.(we)9.___don'tknowhername.Wouldyoutell___.(we)人称(rénchēng)代词和物主代词第九页，共49页。93.名词复数(fùshù)规那么1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.3.黑人，英雄(yīngxióng)，土豆，西红柿变复数后面加es，其他以o结尾的单词变复数后加s,如：photo-photos,hero-heroes,negro-negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes.4．以“辅音字母y〞结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：day-days,family-families.5．以“f或fe〞结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf——leaves.第十页，共49页。105．不规那么(nàme)名词复数：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese.名词(míngcí)复数规那么第十一页，共49页。11练习(liànxí)：写出以下各词的复数book_________bag_______potato_________tomato_______photo_______box_________dress________bus__________peach________sandwich______dish_________tooth_________

名词(míngcí)复数规那么第十二页，共49页。12diary________day_________strawberry_____family________leaf_______knife_______tooth_________foot_________sheep_________people________man_________woman_______child_________deer_________Chinese_________Japanese_______名词复数(fùshù)规那么第十三页，共49页。134.动词三单的变化(biànhuà)规那么当主语为第三人称单数〔he,she,it等〕时，谓语动词需变成三单结构。1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks.2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes.3．以“辅音(fǔyīn)字母+y〞结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：stay-stays,study-studies.4.have变成has,do变成does.第十四页，共49页。14练习(liànxí):一、写出以下动词的第三人称单数drink________

make________

look_________have_______

plant_______come________

go_______

watch______fly________

stay________

study_______

carry____

brush________

teach_______pass_______guess_______动词(dòngcí)三单的变化规那么第十五页，共49页。15二、用括号(kuòhào)内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.3.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.4.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.动词(dòngcí)三单的变化规那么第十六页，共49页。16用括号(kuòhào)内动词的适当形式填空。5.LiuTao_______(play)sportsto_____(stay)healthy.Thechildoften6._______(fly)kitesonSundays.7.Mike_______(like)cooking.8.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It'sSaturday.动词三单的变化(biànhuà)规那么第十七页，共49页。171、therebe句型与have(has)的区别(qūbié)：therebe〔is，are〕表示在某地有某物〔或人〕，主语是某地；have(has)表示某人拥有某物，主语是某人。2、在therebe句型中，be动词的形式根据离be动词最近的那个名词决定，如果是单数，be动词用is;如果是复数，be动词用are。Thereisabookandthreepens.Therearethreepensandabook.3.have,has：主语是第一、二人称，或者复数，用have.主语是第三人称单数，用has。Ihaveabook.Hehasabook.5.Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)与have,has的区别第十八页，共49页。185、否认句，一般(yībān)疑问句的区别：Thereisn'tabookandthreepens.Therearen'tthreepensandabook.Ihaven'tabook.Hehasn'tabook.Isthereabookandthreepens?Aretherethreepensandabook?Doyouhaveabook?Doeshehaveabook?6.Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)与have,has的区别第十九页，共49页。196.肯定句中出现some或and，在否认句或疑问句中要分别变成any,or。7、针对数量提问(tíwèn)的特殊疑问句的根本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)与have,has的区别第二十页，共49页。20练习(liànxí)：Fillintheblankwith“have,has〞or“thereis,thereare〞1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.Whatdoyou___________?3.They___________anicegarden.4._____________somemapsonthewall.5.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)与have,has的区别第二十一页，共49页。21练习(liànxí)：Fillintheblankwith“have,has〞or“thereis,thereare〞6.WhatdoesMike___________?7.Myparents_________astory-book.8.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?9.Howmuchwater____________onthedesk?Therebe句型(jùxínɡ)与have,has的区别第二十二页，共49页。22一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物(rénwù)的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.3.当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.6.一般(yībān)现在时第二十三页，共49页。23一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否认句：主语+be+not+其它(qítā)。如：Heisnotaworker.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它(qítā)。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?一般(yībān)现在时第二十四页，共49页。242.行为动词的变化。否认句：主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成(gòuchéng)否认句。如Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成(gòuchéng)一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?一般(yībān)现在时第二十五页，共49页。25一、用括号(kuòhào)内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.一般(yībān)现在时第二十六页，共49页。26二、按照要求改写句子。1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否认(fǒurèn)句)_________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定答复)__________________________________________________________________________________3.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否认(fǒurèn)答复)__________________________________________________________________________________一般(yībān)现在时第二十七页，共49页。27对划线局部(júbù)提问。4.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________5.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________6.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________7.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________一般(yībān)现在时第二十八页，共49页。28三、改错(ɡǎicuò)(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?________________________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._____________________________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._____________________________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._____________________________________一般(yībān)现在时第二十九页，共49页。291．现在(xiànzài)进行时表示现在(xiànzài)正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在(xiànzài)进行时的肯定句根本结构为be+动词ing。I'mreadingnow.Heisdoinghishomeworknow.3．现在(xiànzài)进行时的否认句在be后加not。Heisn'tdoinghishomeworknow.4．现在(xiànzài)进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。Ishedoinghishomeworknow?5．现在(xiànzài)进行时的特殊疑问的根本结构为：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?Whatishedoingnow?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：特殊疑问词+be+动词ing?Whoisreadingnow?7.现在(xiànzài)进行时第三十页，共49页。301．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾(jiéwěi)，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假设末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping动词(dòngcí)加ing的变化规那么第三十一页，共49页。31一、写出以下动词(dòngcí)的现在分词：play________run__________swim________make_________go_________like________write________read________have_________sing________dance________put_________动词加ing的变化(biànhuà)规那么第三十二页，共49页。32写出以下(yǐxià)动词的现在分词：love_________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________see________buy_________listen_______visit_______动词(dòngcí)加ing的变化规那么第三十三页，共49页。33用所给的动词的正确(zhèngquè)形式填空：1.Theboy_________(draw)apicturenow.2.ListenSomegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look!They______(have)anEnglishlesson.现在(xiànzài)进行时第三十四页，共49页。346.They__________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!Thegirls__________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourdaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It's5o'clocknow.We__________(have)suppernow.10.______Helen______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.现在(xiànzài)进行时第三十五页，共49页。35一、一般将来时的概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、方案或准备做某事。句中一般有以下(yǐxià)时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon，thedayaftertomorrow〔后天〕等。二、根本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否认句：在be动词〔am,is,are〕l后加not，变成amn't,isn't,aren't.或情态动词will后加not变成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?8.一般(yībān)将来时第三十六页，共49页。36五、对划线局部提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线局部有三种情况。1.问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon？2.问干什么(shénme)。What例如：MyfatherisgoingtowatchTVwithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon？3.问什么(shénme)时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow〔明天〕.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.一般(yībān)将来时第三十七页，共49页。37练习：用begoingto和will分别填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.你妈妈这个周末(zhōumò)去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.或_____yourmothergoshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She______buysomefruit.一般(yībān)将来时第三十八页，共49页。38改句子(jùzi)：5.Sarahisgoingtogoshoping.〔改否认〕Sarah________goingtogoshoping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.〔改否认〕I_______go______jointhem.7.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.〔改一般疑问句〕_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30?8.Sheisgoingtobuysomefruitsafterschool.〔对划线局部提问〕_______________she_________________________afterschool?一般(yībān)将来时第三十九页，共49页。391．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。〔wasnot=wasn't〕如：Iwasillyesterday.Iwasn'tillyesterday.⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。〔werenot=weren't〕如：TheywereatBeijinglastmonth.Theyweren'tatBeijinglastmonth.⑶带有was或were的句子(jùzi)，其否认、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否认句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。如：Washeillyesterday?WeretheyatBeijinglastmonth?9.一般(yībān)过去时第四十页，共49页。403．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否认句：didn’t+动词原形(yuánxíng)，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形(yuánxíng)。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形(yuánxíng)？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?一般(yībān)过去时第四十一页，共49页。41动词(dòngcí)过去式变化规那么：1．一般在动词(dòngcí)末尾加-ed，如：look-looked,cook-cooked2．结尾是e的，直接加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped,visit-visited.4．以“辅音字母+y〞结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied,pay-payed.一般(yībān)过去时第四十二页，共49页。425．不规那么动词(dòngcí)过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,have-had,go-went,say-said,get-got,see-saw,give-gave,come-came,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,make-made,sit-sat,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,put-put,read-read.一般(yībān)过去时第四十三页，共49页。43过去时练习：写出以下(yǐxià)动词的过去式is\am_________

are________

do________does_________

have________

go________say________

fly_______

put________plant________

play_______

drink_________make________dance________ask________worry________

eat__________taste_________

draw________pass_______

throw________kick_________

一般(yībān)过去时第四十四页，共49页。44Be动词的过去(guòqù)时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfri