高中英语语法总结大全完整版

高中英语语法大全一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：典型例题TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were本题易误选D，因为TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。2.主谓一致中的靠近原则therebe的主语保持一致。例如：s致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.给你笔、信封和纸。3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：在参观工厂。4.谓语需用单数的情况1)代词each以及由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.我的表坏了。2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.《天方夜谭》是英语爱Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.用三个星期Tenyuanisenough.十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代2)集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。ofAnumberofbookshavelentout.ThemajorityofthestudentslikeEnglish.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.他大部分的钱化在书上了。rts3)如manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.许多人读过这本书。()1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were,were()2.E-mail,aswellastelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playA.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,arewofifthsisDTwofifthsare()4.Tenminutes______alongtimeforonewhowaits.A.seemB.seemsC.seemedD.areseemed()5.Ericistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____adrivinglicense.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving’()6.JoyandSorrow_____next-doorneighbours.A.isB.areC.wereD.be()7.Inmyopinion,someofthenews_____unbelievable.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.havebeen()8.When______theUnitedNationsfounded?A.isB.areC.wasD.were()9.Everypossiblemeans_____.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.wastriedD.weretried()10.Whatshesaysanddoes_____nothingtodowithme.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have()11.There_____adictionaryandseveralbooksonthedesk.A.areB.mustC.havebeenD.is()12.Nobody______seenthefilm.Isapity.A.butTomandJackhaveB.exceptTomandJackhaveC.butmyfriendshasD.butIhave()13.Noteacherandnostudent______．A.areadmittedB.isadmittedC.areadmittingD.isadmitting()14.Allbutone______herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were()15.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided()16.Thewriterandsinger______here.A.isB.areC.wereD.dowithyou.A.areB.wasC.isD.were()18.InthosedaysJohnwithhisclassmates_____keptbusypreparingfortheexamA.isB.areC.wasD.were()19.——____yourclothes?——No,mine_____hangingoverthere.A.Isit,isB.Arethese,areC.Isit,areD.Arethese,is()20.TheSmith’sfamily,which____ratheralargeone,____veryfondoftheiroldhouses.A.were,wereC.were,wasB.was,waswaswere()21.Whattheteacherandthestudentswanttosay_____thateitherofthecountries____beautiful.A.are,areC.are,isB.is,isD.is,areHeistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen()23._____ofmybrothersarereporters.Coveringevents,meetings,orsportsmeetings______theirduty.A.Each,areB.Both,isC.Neither,areD.None,is()24.——Whatdoyouthinkofthe______ofthecoat?highYoucanbuyacheaperoneinthatshopA.valueB.costC.priceD.use()25.——Arethetwoanswerscorrect?——No,______correct.A.nooneisB.botharenotC.neitherisD.eitherisnot()26.Thewind,togetherwithrainandfog,_____makingsailingdifficult.A.havebeenB.wasC./D/are1.C2.A3.C4.B5.A6.B7.B8.C9.B10.C11.D12.C13.B14.D15.A16.A17.C18.C19.B20.D21.B22.D23.B24.C25.C26.B时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现,英在完成时和现在完成进行时.1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…,Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七点离开家。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在ontwantsomuchnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwellmyhomeworknow第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般一般过去时的用法in2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。foryoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。youwenttobed.你早该睡觉了。去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)wonderthinkintendCouldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行车，能借用一些吗？lyoubeathomeatseventhiseveningstorm了。一般现在时表将来n主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了。tIhopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间ngtomorrow7.比较一般过去时与现在完成时1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,in3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,comegoleavestartdiefinishbecomeIhaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了)Whydidyougetupsoearly?(强调起床的动作已发生过了)Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在团内的状态可延续)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是团员的状态可持续)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时，不能使用(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.8.用于现在完成时的句型hirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate那时以前那时现在Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到达时，小偷们早就Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.那时我们希望你能来，HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他说过他以前学过一些英Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedaty汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。10.用一般过去时代替过去完成时Whenshesawthemouse，shescreamed.她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。2)两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完WhenIheardthenews,Iwasveryexcited.OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.11.将来完成时a续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：willhavebeenmarriedforyearsbythenb.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达了现在进行时a.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：处于写作的状态。)redYouarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改变主意。13.过去进行时1)概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短3)常用的时间状语有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromMybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself我.兄弟骑车WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.我到达山顶时，14.将来进行时on注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说I'llbehavingatalkwithher.2)常用的时间状语有soon,tomorrow,thisevening，onSunday,bythistime，e15.一般现在时代替一般将来时When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,solongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：16.一般现在时代替一般过去时Thenewspapersaysthatit'sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.报纸上说明天会很冷Napoleon'sarmynowadvancesandthegreatbattlebegins.拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了17.一般现在时代替现在完成时进行时。bell19.现在进行时代替将来时Areyoustayingwithusthisweekend?和我们一起度周末好吗?Weareleavingsoon.我们马上就走。Heisdying.他要死了。20.时态一致Atthattime,peopledidnotknowthattheearthmoves.那时，人们不知道地球ackingyetstopeonhercoatandwentoutput ralongtimewait8、It________(take)himhalfanhour_______(finish)hishomeworkyesterday.10、Theyusually________(do)theirhomeworkaftersupper.ar14、TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWallifit_________(notrain)tomorrow.15、LiMingoften_________(listen)totheradiointhemorning.homework?”iciannextday.19、Theyoften_______(play)footballintheafternoon. 20、A:What’reyoudoingDad?B:I_______(mend)theradio. aticket.25、He___________(write)fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.26、Don’tmakeanynoise,Grandma___________(sleep).27、Hisaunt___________(do)somecookingwhenhecamein.28、Whenthey___________(reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.29、There___________(be)ameetingnextMonday.30、We___________(know)eachothersinceourboyhood..31、Sometimesmyfather___________(come)backhomelate.32、They___________(have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.35、Thestory___________(happen)longago.36、They___________(visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.37、ZhangHong___________(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.38、She___________(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.40、LiPing___________(write)acompositioneveryweek.41、Thescientist___________(give)usatalkyesterday.42、Myparents___________(live)inBeijingsince1949.43、Look!Theyoungworker___________(show)thestudentsaroundthefactorynow.44、They___________(build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.45、Thestudents___________(clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.46、Thewindowsofourlab___________(clean)onceaweek.47、Ourteacher___________(join)thepartytwentyyearsago.49、She___________(work)es10.do19.play2.stopped11.issinging20.ammending3.willtake12.Was21.carry4.put13.hastaught22.wanted,get5.aregetting14.doesn’train23.willwrite6.tolet15.listens24.hasvisitedwaitingHavedone.writestooktofinishtohearwillgive26.issleepingisdidntsnow27.wasdoing29.willbethink48.arehaving,go…watch第三章动词的语态动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由助动词let的用法>Thestrangewasletgo.>Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.2.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：eofbyGrandmaSuchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事闻所未闻。eelwnthaItisthoughttha大家认为Itissuggestedtha据建议t4.不用被动语态的情况etruefallasleep多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你说的与我们听说的一不能用于被动语态。例如：Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了个恶梦。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher..主动形式表示被动意义Thebooksellswell.这本书销路好。Thisknifecutseasily很好用。Muchworkremains.还有许多活要干。srepairingThedoorneedstoberepairedThisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如：Explainitclearlyandmakeyourselfunderstood解.释清楚些，让别人理解你的beHeisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学。Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.7.need/want/require/worthThefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。1.I___________(teach)herefortenyearssinceIfinishedschool.2.Wouldyoumindme__________(use)yourbike?3.ThestudentsofClassTwo___________(sweep)theirclassroomnow.4.TheWhites____________(notlisten)totheradioatthattime.5.It'sbettertogivethan__________(receive).6.Howlong______you_______(live)inthistown?7.You_______(come)herelastyear,______you?8.When______you______(see)him?I______(see)himlastSunday.9.Shesaidthatthecar___________(use)thenextweek.10.Ididn'tknowwhat__________(happen)toChinainacentury.11.WhenIgottothestation,thetrain____already______(leave).12.Thestonebridge______________(build)inourhometownfortenyears.13.Thedeskmust______(clean)onceaday.14.Thedog_________(lie)onthefloorwhenIcamein..16.Hermother____________(cook)atthistimeyesterday.17.Thestudents_____________(do)theirhomework.__________(notmake)anynoise!eek19.He'lltelephoneusassoonashe_________(arrive)there.20.Jiefangtrucks____________(make)inChangchun.21.Apenisusedfor__________(write).22.Allthatmust________(do).23.Myfriendcan'tdecidewhichpairoftrousers____________(choose).Sosheaskedmetogoshoppingwithher.24.Theyfindituseful__________(learn)English.25.Theoldmanoften_________(tell)thechildrenastoryintheevening.Thiseveninghe________(tell)twostories.eyesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.27.Wouldpleasetellushow___________(make)thewatch________(work)?28.Shedoesn'tknowwhat_________(do)andwhere__________(go).1.havehappenwenttaught11.had…19.arrives2.usingleft20.aremade3.are12.have21.writingsweepingbeen22.bedone4.weren’tbuilt23.tolistening13.bechoose5.tocleaned24.tolearningtellswill6.have…15.wastelllivedraining7.came…16.wasidntcooking8.did…17.aredoing,see,sawDon’t9.wouldbemakeused18.have…10.wouldbeeen,第四章动词的语气语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.Ifhehastime,hewillgowithus.=Probablyhehastimeandwillgowithus.Ifhehadtime,hewouldgowithus.=Butinfacthehasnotime.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表与现在的事实相反had+done与过去的事实相反.should+动词原形与将来的事实相反主句的谓与动词wouldcould+动词原形mightwouldcould+have+donemightwouldcould+动词原形might根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1)0IfIhadreceivedthepassportyesterday,Iwouldstarttoday.2)Ifhehadtelephonedmelastnight,Iwouldseehimnow.eallrightnow4)IfChinahadnotbeenliberated,theworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.4.should/could/might/oughtto+havedone表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”needn’thavedone表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”语气中的倒装句而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。Hadyouinvitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.WereIyou,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.Couldshelendusahelpinghand,shewoulddoso.但愿…。”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时动词用过去时过去时动词用haddone将来时do表示在wish之后发生的动作be用wouldbe;should1)IwishIknewthekeytotheanswer.2)IwishIweretenyearsyounger.3)IwishthatIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastweek.4)Iwishthatyouhadbeenhereyesterday.5)Hewishesthatwewouldvisittheoldschool.7.表示命令或建议动词suggest,insist,propose,desire,demand,request,order,command后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟should+动词原形；should不可用would来8.suggest为“建议去做…;命令…”从句用should+do1)ThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2)Thedoctorsuggestedthatmygrandmotherhadcaughtabadcold.9.insist“坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should+do为“坚持表明，坚持说定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等。表语从句中的谓语11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_________mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbeA.amB.wasC.wereD.wouldbe3.Ifhe_______tomorrow,hewouldfindMrWangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come4.Ifit_______nextweek,thecropswouldbesaved.A.rainsB.willrainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain5.IfI_______it,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.A.weretodoB.doC.haddoneD.wastodo6.Supposingtheweather________bad,wherewouldyougo?A.isB.willbeC.wereD.be7.Ifhehadworkedharder,he_________.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded8.Ifhe________,he_________thatfood.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken9.Ifmylawyer_________herelastSaturday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented10.Ifhe______it,he_______it.A.hadseen;couldhavebelievedB.saw;couldn’tbelieveC.saw;couldn’thavebelievedD.hasseen;hadbelievedA.hewouldhaveB.hemusthaveC.hehadD.shouldhehaveyA.iftheweatherwasB.wouldtheweatherhavebeenC.hadtheweatherbeenD.shouldtheweatherbeA.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeenC.Did;notbeenD.Not;been14._______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldhaveleftB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves15.Itisorderedthatanewbridge______overthewideriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.wouldbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built1.D2.C3.C4.D5.A6.C7.D8.B9.A10.A11.D12.C13.A14.C词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种.Theyarehavingameeting.他们正在开会。Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.英语现在越来越重要。ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.世界各地都教英语。HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..他下周要去纽约。Wearetoteachthefreshmen.我们要教新生。nthisc.征求意见。例如：imWearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.我们明天早HehasleftforLondon.他已去了伦敦。work半。EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do的用法DoyouwanttopasstheCET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？DidyoustudyGerman?你们学过德语吗？Idonotwanttobecriticized.我不想挨批评。Hedoesn'tliketostudy.他不想学习。Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。Don'tgothere.不要去那里。Don'tbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：Docometomybirthdayparty.一定来参加我的生日宴会。Idomissyou.我确实想你。NeverdidIhearofsuchathing.我从未听说过这样的事情。OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。nowtodriveacardoesntheharderatEnglishHewillgotoShanghai.他要去上海。人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:Heshallcome.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)Hewillcome.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)5.助动词should,would的用法ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电2)would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：词1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,we______afootballmatch.a.haveb.willhavec.hasd.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,he______earlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.a.willriseb.shallriseb.shouldrisewouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChina______greatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.a.hasmadeb.havemadec.hadmaded.havingmade4.I______gotobeduntilI______finishedmywork.a.don’t/hadb.didn’t/havec.didn’t/hadd.don’t/have5.______youthinkhe______backbydinnertime?a.Do/havecomeb.Did/willhavecomec.Does/willcomed.Do/willhave6.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenhe______forthebus.a.wasruningb.wasrunningc.wererunningd.isrunning7.Nosooner______hearrivedhomethanhe______tostartonanotherjourney.a.has/wasaskedb.have/wereaskedc.had/isaskedd.had/wasaskedaskedonarrivingatthehotela.Shouldb.Canc.Mightd.May9.Therearenineofthem,so______getintothecaratthesametime.a.mustn’tattendb.cannothaveattendedc.wouldhavenotattendedd.needn’thaveattended11.“Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mph,do’ntyou?”a.didn’tneedtobeb.maynothavebeenc.couldn’thavebeend.needn’en12.hewasagoodrunnersohe______escapefromthepolice.a.mightb.succeededtoc.wouldd.wasableto13.Ifthey______,ourplanwillfallflat.a.areco-operatingb.hadnotco-operatedc.won’tco-operated.didn’tco-operate14.Ihoped______myletter.a.hertoanswerb.thatshewouldanswerc.thatsheanswersd.heranswering15.He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.a.prefersb.likestoc.hadbetterd.wouldrather16.______toseeafilmwithustoday?a.Didyoulikeb.Wouldyoulikec.Willyouliked.Haveyouliked17.I’msorry,butIhadnoalternative.Isimply______whatIdid.a.mustdob.hadtodoc.oughttohavedoned.havetodoa.hadn’twebettergotstartb.hadn’twebettergetstart19.Noone______thattohisface.a.daressayb.daressayingc.daresayd.daretosay20.Thestudentsintheclassroom______nottomakesomuchnoise.a.needb.oughtc.mustd.dare21.You______lastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.a.oughttocomeb.oughttobecomingc.oughthavecomed.oughttohavecome22.Theelephantsought______hoursagobythekeepers.a.tobefedb.tofeedc.tobeingfedd.tohavebeenfeda.canhavemissedb.couldmissc.mayhavemissedd.mightmiss24.“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”“He______havebeenanoutstandingstudent.”a.mustb.couldc.shouldd.might25.You______theexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypassedit.26.Heisreallyincompetent!Theletter______yesterday.a.shouldbefinishedtypingb.mustbefinishedtypingc.musthavefinishedtypingc.shouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27.Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.a.becomeb.tobecomec.becomingd.became28.Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe______.a.needednottohurryb.needn’thavehurriedc.neednottohavehurriedd.didn’tneedtohurry29.Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekend,_____youliketohavedinnerwithustonight?a.willb.won’tc.wouldn’td.do30.Hewasafraidwhathehaddone______adisastrouseffectonhiscareer.a.mighthaveb.couldbec.havebeend.shallbe1-10BDACDBDBCB11-20CDCBDBBCCB21-30DDCABDABCA第六章情态动词1．can can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。 Youwillbeabletoskateafteryouhavepracticedittwoorthreetimes.溜冰了。多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中。rueWhatcanhepossiblymean他可能是什么意思？can用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。AhorseinthecenterofLondoncancostalotofmoney.Attendingtheballcanbeveryexciting.Theroadcanbeblocked.这条路可能会不通的。may在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。Theroadmaybeblocked.这条路可能不通了。3)表示允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。2.could的用法1)表过去的可能和许可，(多用于间接引语中)Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。FathersaidIcouldswimintheriver.游泳。IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。Hecouldbeverynaughtywhenhewasachild.3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,youcan.他会记得那时吗?Theteachersaidyoucouldgotothestoreforsweets.完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。Cantheyhavewonthebasketballmatch？Whatyoureferredtojustnowcanhavemadeherverysad.所谈到的可能令他很伤心。Youcouldhavecompletedthetaskalittleearlier.你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)IcouldhavepassedmyexaminationeasilybutImadetoomanystupidmistakes.我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用beableto.Hewasabletotranslatethearticlewithoutadictionary.他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。 Can表示一贯的能力，beableto表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力 Ican’tswim.ButIamsureIwillbeabletoswimthroughmorepracticing.Thefirespreadthroughthehotel,buteveryonewasabletogetoutWhentheboatsankhewasabletoswimtothebank3.may的用法2)当回答由may引起的问题时，否定答语要用mustnot,表示“不许可”、“不应该”、MayIcomein?No,youcan’tNo,youmaynot.No,youmustn’ttternot3)may/might推测性用法可能Hemayberight.Hemaynotcometoday(可能不)Hemay/mightcometomorrow.2might比may可能性更小Hemightgetajob.Hemaygetajob.ynocannotHemaynotcomeaswell连用)你还是原地待着好。(mayaswell有“还是……的好”的含义)Mayyoubehappy!might可能”和“允许”多用于间接引语。Shesaidthathemighttakeherdictionary.。除在间接引语中外，might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“许可”。表过去的“可能”可2)表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。Electricironscouldbedangerous;theymightgiveyouasevereshock.3)may(might)+have+done表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“想必”、“也许是”Hemightnothavesettledthequestion.他可能尚未解决那个问题。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。Whymustyoualwaysbotherme?为什么你偏要打扰我呢。2)mustbe+表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)Hemustbeanhonestboy.他一定是个诚实的男孩。Thismustbeyourroom.这一定是你的房间。“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用mustnot。MustIgotomorrow?明天我必须去吗？No,youneedn’t.不，你不必去。定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。emusthavestudiedEnglishbefore5.haveto的含义与must是很接近的,只是haveto比较强调客观需要，must着重说明法。Ihavetocleantheroom.(客观需要)nWewillhavetoreconsiderthewholething.这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。6.oughtto的用法Oughtto后接动词原形，表义务，但不及must那样具有信心，如：Youdon’tlookwell.Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.Oughtto用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtn’t，如：Yououghtn’ttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。Oughtyoutosmokesomuch?你应该抽这样多烟吗？Oughtto在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如：Hesaidyououghttotellthepolice.shall2)shall用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁(现已少见)，如：1)用于第一人称疑