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Unit1Talesoftheunexplained教学设计
Presentperfecttense
1.Usedifferentmethodstopresentthepresentperfecttense.Herearesomeideas:
1)Pleaselookatthescreen.Payattentiontothedifferentformsoftheverbs:
2)Let’scompletethefollowingsentences,inwhichthepredicatepartismissing.
We_____(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.
They_____(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.
I_______(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It'swellwritten.
Thestudent________(finish)herhomeworkalready.
Eric__________(go)backtohishometowntoday.
Answers:havestudiedhavelivedhavereadhasfinishedhasgone
3)Readthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.
WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.
Theymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.
Thestudentisdoingherhomework.Shehasn'tfinishedityet.
Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.
2.Wemaywonderwhysomeverbscan'tbeusedinthepresentperfecttense.Let’sreadthefollowingsentences,andtrytofinddifferentusagesofsomeverbs.
Justinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.
Theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.
Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.
Soyouseewhenanactionhappensoveraperiodoftimethatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresent,thepresentperfecttenseisoftenused.Whenanactionhappenedatadefinitetimeinthepast,thepastsimpletenseisoftenused.
3.ReadPoints1and2onpage8tomakesurewhythepresentperfecttenseisusedinthesetwosentences.
4.GooverPoint3onpage8tolearnwhattimeexpressionscanbeusedwiththepresentperfecttense.Payattentiontothedifferentusagesbetweenalreadyandyet,orforandsince.
5.ReadPoint4onpage8tolearnthatthepresentperfecttensecanbeusedinasituationwheretheactionwascompletedonlyamomentago.Inthiscase,justisused.
6.GooverPoints5and6onpage8andnotethatwhenwewanttoexpressarepeatedaction,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes...
7.Let’sreadthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.
Answers:
(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn'tvisited(6)hasswum(7)hasnevermet
(8)hasdived(9)hasfound(10)hasn'tfound(11)Has,been
SummaryofThePresentPerfecttense:
1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.
Danielhaslived(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.
(Connectionwiththepast:DanielcametoChina.Connectionwiththepresent:DanielislivinginChina.)
2.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.
camehaslived
________________________________________
pastnowfuture
3.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.
IwenttoEgyptin1986.IwenttoEgyptin2004.Ihavebeen(be)toEgypttwice.
4.Wecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions.
Hasiteversnowed(snow)inHongKong?
No,ithasneversnowed(snow)there.
5.Weusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:already,ever,for,just,lately,never,recently,since,yet
Notes:
1.Weusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatementsandinterrogativesentences.
2.Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointoftime.
3.Structuresconnectedwiththepresentperfecttense:
1)Itis(hasbeen)+aperiodoftime+since-clause.
2)This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)time+that-clause(presentperfecttense).
3)This(That/It)istheonly)…+that-clause(presentperfecttense).
4)This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that-clause
Resources
Thepresentperfect
-Threehoursagoshebakedacake.Andsincethenlet’ssee…
-…She’salreadymadethebeds,writtenaletter,goneshopping,andcookeddinner.
-Andnowshe’sjustansweredthetelephoneforthefifthtime.
Englishhasaverbtense,thepresentperfect,whichservestodenotepasthappeningsthatarerelevantto,orthatstillhaveaneffectat,themomentofspeaking.Thistense,formedwiththepresentofhaveplusapastparticiple(answered,cooked,gone,written,made,andsoon),isreallyacombinationofpresentandpasttogether.Noticethekindsofadverbsandadverbialphrasesthatarecloselyassociatedwiththepresentperfect.
He’sbeenasuccessnow,Iwouldsay,since1990.
Andnowhe’sjustdecidedtoenterpolitics.
Thesimplepast,denotingpasthappeningsthatarelocalizedinthepast,contrastssharplywiththepresentperfect,ascanbeseenbestbythekindsof“time”adverbialsthatmaybeusedwithonetensebutnotwiththeother.
SimplePastPresentPerfect
yesterdaysincethen
anhouragosofar
IlearnedanewsonglastnightI’velearnedanothernow
onMondayinthelasthour
already
nownow
then×thenthen×then
(past)(future)(past)(future)
(Attentionisdrawntothepast(Attentionisdrawntothepresentknowledge
Eventandthetimeittookplace.)ofthesongandnotonthepreviousactoflearningit.)
Therefore,donotsaythingslike“I’velearnedanewsongyesterday”,whichisaverycommonmistake.
Thespeakerchoosesamongtheseandothertensesinpartaccordingtohowhefeelshimselfrelatedtotheevent.
Presentperfectcontinuoustense
Herewewilllookattwosituationsinwhichthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisused.Notehowthetenseisformedandtrytounderstandhowthetenseisusedinsentences.Wewillpracticeformingverbsinthistenseandcompletesentences.
1.Wesometimesusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.Forexample.
I'vebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn'tturnedup.
I'msosorryI'mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?
2.GooverPoints1and2onpage9tounderstandthistensebetter.
3.GooverPoint3toseehowthetenseisformed.
4.Fillinthemissingwords.Payattentiontotheverbformintheexamplegiveninthefirstpicture(alltheverbformsherearethepresentperfectcontinuoustense,exceptfortheoneinSentence5).Itisatrapanddoesnotrequirethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.
Answers:
(2)havebeentalking(3)havebeentaking(4)havebeenwatching(5)haveseen(6)havebeenwriting
5.DowithPartC1onpage82inWorkbooktobecomefamiliarwiththepresentperfecttenseandthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.
Presentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous?
1.GooverPointIonpage10toidentifywhythetwodifferenttensesareusedinthetwosentences.
Inthefirstsentence,thepresentperfecttenseisused,whichmeansthattheactionreadisn'tcontinuing,andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow.Inthesecondsentence,thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisused,whichmeansthattheactionreadisstillcontinuing.
2.GooverPoint2onpage10.Notethatthepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan'tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandthenstartedagain.
3.GooverPoint3onpage10todefinethemeaningofastateverboranactionverb.Notethatastateverbdoesn'tmeananaction,soitcan'tbeusedinacontinuoustense.
4.Notethatthepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan'tbeusedwhenthewordsalways,never,yet,alreadyoreverareusedinasentence.
5.Finishthetwoexercisesonpage11.
Answers:
A(1)heard(2)beendoing(3)beenresearching(4)beendoing(5)started(6)done(7)read(8)found(9)started(10)beendoing(11)beenmaking
Sampleanswers:
B1.Hehasbeenwaitingatanundergroundstation.
2.TheyhavebeentravelinginaUFO.Itlookslikeasaucer.(Answersmaybevarious.)
3.TheyprobablyhavetalkedtoanimalsorplantsontheEarthaswellascreaturesonotherplanets.(Answersmaybevarious.)
4.TheyhavevisitedMars,Venus,Jupiterandsomeotherplanets.(Answersmaybevarious.)
6.DowithPartC2onpage82inWorkbooktohaveonemorechancetopracticetheusageofthetwodifferenttenses.
Resource
ThePresentPerfectContinuous
-Istillhaven’tfiguredouthowshedoesitall.
-Ihaven’teither,andI’vebeentryingnowfortenyears.
Thepresentperfecttense,likethesimplepresentandthesimplepast,hasacontinuousformaswell.Theeffectofthepresentperfectcontinuousistomakepasthappeningscontinuousthroughoutatimespanextendinguptothepresent:
SimplePast:Ilearnedanewsong(threehoursago).
now
Hours
then×then
(past)(futu
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