羊外语测试与评估

LanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingTestingReading:thenatureofBottom-upTop-downFormalschemata(discourseContentschemata(knowledgeinvariouscontentareasincludingculturespecificcontentknowledge) manhelduphishandandstoppedhecar. manschemavs.supermanschema)InctiveLanguageLanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingTestingTestingReading:WhatconstitutesreadingRecognizingwordsandwordgroupsmeaningspelling,Deducingthemeaningofwordsbyunderstandingwordformation(rootsaffixationderivationandcompoundingorcontextualclues根Understandingtherelationswithinthesentence,especiallyelementsofsentencestructure,negation,complexembedding,etc.理解句子内Understandingherelationsbetweenpartsoftextthroughdevicesandticalcohesivedevicesordiscourseindicators–UnderstandingthecommunicativefunctionofsentencesLanguageTestinglecturetestingreading–UnderstandingconceptualmeaningLanguageLanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingLanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingTestingReading:WhatconstitutesreadingIdentifyingthemainideaandimportantdetails识别文章主旨和其Anticipatingandpredictwhatwillcomenextinthetext预期下文内Understandinginformationnotexplicitlystatedbymakinginferences(readingbetweenthelines)orunderstandingfigurativeSkimmingandscanninglookingforthegistandreadingforspecificinformation)略读与速读Adoptingaflexibleapproachandvaryingreadingstrategiesaccordingtothetypeofmaterialbeingreadandthepurposeforwhichitisread根据阅读内容与阅读目的灵活运用阅读策略LanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingHobwaswalkingontheroadandlookedhereandthere.Becausehewastiredaftersuchalongwalk,hewantedverymuchtofindacetohaveagoodrest.Buthedidn’twanttogototheteahousebecausehedidn’twanttospendanymoney.SuddenlyhefoundahospitalathecornerofthestreetandanideaHobsatinhedoctor’swaiingroom.Thereweremanypeoplethere.Somehadcoughs,somehadcoldsandsomehadheadache.TheyalllookedunhappyexceptHob,whowasreadingastoryinamagazine.Justthenthedoctorcameinandsaidhewasreadytoseethenextone.HeaskedHobtoenterhisroom.BeforeHobcouldsayaword,thedoctorsaid,“Nowwhat’syourtrouble?LiedownthereandIwilllistentoyouheart.”Hobwantedtospeakoutwhenthedoctorordered,“Bequietandopenyourmouth.”Thedoctorhadagoodlook,andthenhesaid,“Well,youarenotillatall.Thereisnothingwrongwithyou.”“Iknowthereisn’t.”saidHob,“Ihavejustcometoreadthemagazineinthewaitingroom.”Howdisappointedthedoctorwas!Hisfaceturnedangry.TrueorFalseT”表示，不符合的用“F”表示，填入空格内):()1.Hobisill.Hewenttoseethe()2.Alotofsickpeopleweresittinginhedoctor’swaiting()3.Hobwaswaitingtheretoseethedoctor,()4.Hobwantstofindacetohaveagood()5.Atfirstthedoctordidn’tletHobsayaLanguageLanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingLastweekRahman’swifehadanaccident.Rahman’syoungestchildYusof,wasathomewhenithappened.He yingwithhisnewtoycar.Rahmanhadgivenittohimtheweekbeforehisthirdbirthday.Suddenlyheheardhismothercalling“help!Help!”Herantothekitchen.Hismotherhadburntherselfwithsomehotcookingoil.Shewascryingwithpainandthepanwasonfire.Rahmanhadgonetohisoffice.Bothotherchildrenhadgonetoschool.Yusofwastoosmalltohelphismother,andshewastoofrightenedtospeaksensiblytohim.Butherantotheneighbour’shouseandaskedhetocomeandhelphismother.ShesoonputoutthefireandtookYusof’smothertotheclinic.WhenRahmancamehome,hiswifetoldhimwhathadhappened.Hewasveryproudofhisson.“Whenyouareamanyouwillbejustlikeyourfather,”hesaid.LanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingTrue,false,ordoesn’tYusofwasyingintheRahman’swifewasfryingsomething.Rahmanwasaclerk.Thehousewasnot Rahman’smotherneededmedicalattenion.LanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingWordmatching,sentencematching,pictureandsentencematchingClozetest(fixed-ratiodeletion/selectivedeletion/Shortanswerquestions(SAQ)InformationtransferListingmainpointsShortanswerquestionsLanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingTestingReading:testingMultiple-choicequestions:frequentlyusedWhatisthemainideaoftheWhatdoesthispassagemainlyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforTheword‘…’wouldbestberecedbyTheword‘it’inline…refersItcanbeinferredfromthepassageWhatwilltheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscuss?LanguageTestinglecturetestingreading:PurposeforreadingNatureofthetextsrubricsandtasks)Organizational:grr,cohesion,rhetoricalPropositionallexicalstatusofwritertoreader;relationshipbetweencontentoftextandcandidates’backgroundknowledge;typeofinformation文章内容命题特点FunctionalpurposeintendedeffectofwriterSizeofinputlengthoftextSpeedatwhichprocessingmusttakece阅读速LanguageTestinglecturetestingreading:SamplingoftextsConsideringwhatconstitutesanunderstandingofthosetexts考查要点的确定Bringingthetesttasksascloseaspossibletothereadingtasksinreal-lifecontext阅读任务真实性Consideringcloselythesequencingofquestions出题顺Ensuringthatthetestformatsarenotaffectingtest-takers’performancenegatively题型对考生的影响LanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingIsthereafamouswhomyoureallyadmire(钦佩)?Wouldn’tyoulovetohavehisorherautograph(手迹)?Youwouldneverthrowthat’sautographaway.Manypeoplefeelthesamewayasyou.However,somepeoplecollectautographsevenfrompeopletheydon’tadmire.Theyjustwantautographsfromanyfamous.Theydon’tcollecttheseautographstokeepthem.Theycollecttheautographstosellthem.Collectingautographshas eabusiness.Infact,therearemorethan20,000peoplewhocollectautographs.Thesepeoplearewillingtopayalotofmoneyforanautograph.Therefore,autographhoundsnowhangaround(在 sportscenters,concertsarenas,andmodernrestaurants.Thesepeopletrytogetautographstheycansell.Theycansometimesmakeasmuchas$1,500foroneautograph.Infact,oneverysuccessfulautographhoundearns(赚钱)$100,000ayear.Therearealsocompaniesthatbuyandsellautographs.,ProfilesinHistory,saysithasthelargestcollectionofactors’oractresses’autographsintheworld.Theearnsmorethan$12millionayear!Oneautographmaycostunder$100.Otherautographscancostseveralthousanddollars.Thepriceofanautographdoesn’tdependonhowfamoustheis.Itdependsonhowrare(稀少theautographisForexamplefamouspeoplelikeAngelinaJolieandMattDamonsignalotofautographs.Therefore,theirautographsarenotrareandarenotworth(值)verymuchmoney.Ontheotherhand,MadonnaandGwynethPaltrowrarelysignanything.Thismakestheirautographsmorerareandmorevaluable(珍贵的).QueenElizabethIIalmostneversignsautographs.Thereforesomethingwithhersignature(签名onitmightsellforaroundtdoesn’tmatteriftheisdead.ElvisPresleyandNapoleonsignedthings.Theirsignaturesareonlyworth$1,500.However,signedlettersfromMarilynMonroeareveryrare.Theycancost$50,000each.Thehighestpriceeverpaidforanautographwas$750,000.ThiswasforaletterwrittenbyAbrahamLincoln.LanguageTestinglecturetestingreadingThereare