大学英语四级真题部分阅读及解析

精品文档精品文档PAGE精品文档2010年6月大学英语四级真题Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.Butthe.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47.G）incrediblywastefultotearthemalldownand48.K）replacethemwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49.J）reducedcarbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50.L）sense,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51.H）poweringourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52.D）exceptions,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53.E）expandovertimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea54.O）vastnumberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from55.F）historiconeslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp56.I）protectpropertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。accommodations

clumsy

doubtful

exceptions

expand

historic

incredibly

powering

protect

reduced

replace

sense

shifted

supplying

vast

2011年6月大学英语四级真题

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.

Whileelderlypeople47N ）tendtosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhenthey

wereyounger, this hasa(n)48L）negative effect ontheir brain's performance andtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,a.psychiatrist(心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping49H）efficientlystraightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is50B）associatedwithbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore51A）alertiftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto52J）functionwelldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“It's53F）definitelyamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere54O）younger.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom55E）continuingtogetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That's56G）differentfrompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75.”注意：此部分在答卡2上作答。A)alertI)formallyB)associatedJ)functionC)attractingK)mixedD)clingL)negativeE)continuingM)sufficientF)definitelyN)tendG)differentO)youngertendto固定搭配；表示“向于；”符合句意；

空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可，需要填入一个形容；目出的

形容有negative,sufficient,younger；根据前后意，填入negative最恰当，表示“少的睡眠大的活有面的影响。”49.根据推，填入一个副，目出的副有efficiently,definitely,formally；前面提到，老年人在睡的候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个比的概念，年人相比起来能得更_______的睡眠；合起来，用efficiently（最有效率的）最准确。beassociatedwith固定搭配；表示“与⋯系在一起”；本句表示“更多的睡眠通常都与健康度系在一起”；

先看整句的含，“如果他能睡更的，他的感会更好以及⋯”那么，

填入一个褒，alert比恰当，表示“更加警，机灵”；

52. 根据判断，此填入一个，剩下的有 cling, function ；整句的意思是

“当我上了年的候， 我一睡到天亮的能力下降了， 但是，我需要⋯的睡眠量并

没有改；”空格后的是 well，cling 在里并不合适，一般与to用；用function

最适合；

53. 作者在首段已提出个点是一个 myth，那么而易最后一段中出的 myth是作

一种手段，填入 definitely ；

空格的前面是whentheywere⋯，“当他年的候”；填入younger；

本句的意思是“我的数据示老年人将从⋯益；”空格的后面是“得到和他在三十多的候能得到的睡眠一多”；根据上下文意思，填入“continuing”；憊礬炖覦骅論筧祕齠岿鲻徕轻畴狰。

differentfrom固定搭配；表示“和⋯不同”；

2010年12月大学英四真Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.M)raised.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48.L)psychologicalactivityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49.E)contributionstothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50.A)abilitiestoperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51.B)achievebasedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52.N)smarttheyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53.I)extenttowhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54.J)indicatesthatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55.G)essentiallylikeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56.H)eventuallyappearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此部分在答卡2上作答。[A]abilities[I]extent[B]achieve[J]indicates[C]appeal[K]proceedscomplaints[L]psychological

contributions[M]raised[F]displayed [N]smart

[G]essentially [O]standard

[H]eventually

47.raise 在里的意思是“养育” ，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraised窍郵币喬擼隊驺躑栌玺铫遙騍随惬。

意

思是“你成的境”。

48."psychologicalactivity" 意思是“心理活”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部

境如何相互作用影响人心理活的学科被称行学” 。

“makecontributionsto”固定搭配，意“⋯⋯做献”。

“abilityto⋯”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称

人做出某种行的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争的”。

51."limitationstowhatyoucanachieve" 意思是“你所能达到的水平的限制” 。

52. 此需填一个形容， 而且用来形容人， 根据意，smart符合意，表示“机灵，擻據鴇驮涞纾衮扬檻揮仪過癬蟬莹。

可”。

53. 此填extent，主要是因后面有 to，“totheextent ⋯”“⋯⋯的程度” 。

indicate意思是“表明，示”。全句意“越来越多的科学(象)表明基因人

很多特征有基作用” 。

55.essentially的意思是“上，本上”。全句意“从个角度来，人一出生，本上就像是没洗出来的照片：相已照了，但是最会呈多少就在于影的程了”。

56.eventually 副，意思是“最，最后” 。

2011年12月大学英四真

PassageOne

Boys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandaremorelikelytogetinvolvedinactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic,accordingtoresearchreleasedtoday.

Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinityinwhich

studentseithersinkorswim,theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype,theUSstudysays.

Boysatsinglesexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedincultural

andartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobe

纺縱廟閹剀枥诒谒匦鰩钆审頇骢殁。a"realman".Thefindingsofthestudygoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfailedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedschoolsbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwithspecifically"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevision,learnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround."Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminineandpreferthemoderngenreinwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.Single-sexeducationalsomadeitlesslikelythatboyswouldfeeltheyhadtoconformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschools,boysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thestudyreported.57.Theauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschoolwould_____________________.Aforceboystohidetheiremotionstobe“realman”Bhelptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinboys

Cencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorefreely

Dnaturallyreinforceinboysthattraditionalimageofaman

58.Itiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschoolsboys____________________.

AperformrelativelybetterBgrowupmorehealthily

CbehavemoreresponsiblyDreceiveabettereducation

59.WhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationsystem?

AItfailsmoreboysthangirlsacademicallyBItfocusesmoreonmixedschooleducation

CItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed

DItplacesmorepressureonboysthanongirls

AccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschoolsis

______________.

Ateachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys

狀偿谩纸谮继統竖嗇签鑊鷯敵雏廣。BboyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingdistractedCboyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedinDteachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys’teamspirit61.WhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames’report?ATheyenjoybeinginchargeBTheyconformtostereotypesCTheyhavesharpervisionDTheyareviolentandsexistSectionBPassageOne57,Cencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsfreely58,Aperformrelativelybetter59,CItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneed60,Ateachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboys61,CTheyhavesharpervision【解析】这篇文章针对传统的男女生一起上学，一起接受教育提出了质疑。作者从文章一开头就表明了自己的看法：对于男生而言，单性教育，即男生们一起上学会对男生的身心发展更为有利。文中出现一个短语，receivedwisdom，即是“人们普遍的看法，公认的看法”。也是作者所批判的一种观点。传统观点认为，男生和女生混合教育会对男生发展更有利。但是作者认为单性教育对男生有以下几个好处：可以让男生们更自由地表达自己的情感，可以学习自己感兴趣的艺术，舞蹈，音乐等学科。不用去遵守人们在传统印象中对男生的期盼。而且单性教育可以针对男生的身心发展特点而制定学习计划。并且作者觉得，目前英国教育把女生当做关注重点，忽视了对男生的重视。2011年12月大学英语四级真题PassageTwoIt'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isaythatyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon'tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbalaggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentconceptionsofwhatitisfor,"heexplains."Theywillsayit'stosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem"Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething."Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhatisgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythantalkingaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyouaredoing,whoispayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationshipyoudon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit."Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?APeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecessionBFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghardCItmakesallthehardworkworthwhile

DItisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputes

63.Whatdoestheauthor meanbysaying “moneyis known⋯to bring arelationship

toitsknees ”(Line1Para.2) ？

AMoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils

BSomepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney

CFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney

DDisputesovermoneymayruinarelationship

64.TheYouGovpoll of2000people indicates that inarecession _________________.

Aconflictsbetweencouplestendtorise

Bitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitup

Ccouplesshowmoreconcernforeachother

Ddivorceandseparationratesincrease

65.WhatdoesKimStephensonbelieve?

AMoneyisoftenasymbolofaperson ’sstatus

鳇藍偵瀋证寶鰷渊劊懌卻钒缴麦詐。Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould

________________

Aputtheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparately

Bmakeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilybudgets

Cdiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship

Davoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromantic苹呖绠韃屿謔赎榇观驗瀾驼騷陇競。

PassageTwo

C.Itmakesallthehardworkworthwhile.

D.Disputesovermoneymayruinarelationship.

A.conflictsbetweencouplestendtorise

D.menandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways.

C.discussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship.

栖栎饵繾摅顓选侦饋槨說鞏渐鲷閥。【解析】这是一篇关于金钱对夫妻关系的影响的文章。文中第一段主要通过度假这件事来体现不同人对待金钱的不同态度。作者认为人只能活一次，如果不能去度假的话，那么工作再努力也没有意义。第二段主要谈到了大萧条时期，不太良好的经济状况常常会影响夫妻关系，可能会导致争吵，甚至会导致离婚或者分居的成本增加，对夫妻感情造成伤害。第三段讲了KimStephenson，一个心理学家的观点，即男人和女人对待金钱的态度是不一样的，男人把金钱看作是得到社会地位的途径，看作向父母展现自己成功的一种方式。第四段，作者建议夫妻可以对金钱持有不同的观点，但是不可以对它采取回避的态度，避而不谈。相对来说，这篇文章的难度比较大。文章看懂并不难，但是题目中，推理题和大意题比较多，需要在充分理解作者意图，了解文章主旨的基础上，才能选出正确答案。2011年6月大学英语四级真题PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,"willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)."However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthe彎編赁兒藹场瘪渍鸩惧桥个钺垫书。

negotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionsto

helpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfrom

climatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?

Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D)Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?

A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.

B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.65.WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?

Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.B)Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PassageTwo

本篇文章主要是一份来自 GlobalHumanitarian For