动词ing形式作表语-定语与宾语补足语

概念引入Themusictheyareplayingsoundssoexciting.WewatchedthreeboyssharingtheirfoodwitheachOurjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.Thegirlsingingnowisaclassmateofmine用法讲解非谓语动词中的 ing形式包括两种：一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。基本形式：1、-ing 形式作表语-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。如：Herhobbyis painting .她的业余爱好是画画。Myjobis lookingafterthechildren .我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。–ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hisconcernforhismotherismost touching .他对母亲的关爱很感人。Hiswordsareencouraging.他的话很鼓舞人。2、-ing 形式作定语1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如：building materials=materialsforbuilding 建筑材料1/7drinking water=waterfordrinking 饮用水areading room=aroomforreading 阅览室2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度，如：tiring music=musicthatistiring 烦人的音乐asurprising result=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。Thestudent makingtheexperimentisourmonitor.我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。Wecanseetherisingsun.Attention1) 单个-ing 形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前,-ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。2)V-ing,过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.正在举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.昨天举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.明天要举行的会议非常重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.3)-ing 形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开2/7如：Hisbrother, workingasateacher ,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother, whoisworkingasateacher ,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree, swayinggentlyinthebreeze ,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree, whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze ,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。3、-ing 形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。如：当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生人站在大门口。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastranger standing attheentrance.我发现地板上放着一个包。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.那老板让工人整夜地工作。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultwasfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.3).能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:a.感官动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Listentothebirdssinging.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.b.使役动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.3/7Youwon’t catchmedoingthatagain.4)see,hear,feel,watch 等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsaw theteacher makingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteacher maketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing 形式则表示反复动作。如：Weheardthedoorslam.( 一次动作)Weheardthedoorslamming.( 反复动作)巩固练习完成句子1.It ’swrongofyouto_______( 让机器开着)。（run）Whathesaid_______________(令人信服的)，wecantrusthim.(convince)Thenews__________(令人感到惊讶的)，wewereallastonishedatit.(astonish)Thebuilding_________(正在建)isournewlibrary.(build)Hewascaught____________(偷车)andsenttothepolicestation.(steal)Isawhim_________(正在玩游戏)whenIpassed.(play)7.Someoldmanhavetowalkwiththehelpof_________sticks(拐杖).(walk)8.IfoundMary__________(正向一个男孩儿低语)justnow.(whisper)9.Thereweresomeboys_________(在窗户附近大声喊叫)，soIcouldn’tfallasleep.(shout)10.Astudentwillbeimmediatelydismissedifhe____________(被发现吸烟)inschool.单项选择1.Yesterdayourheadteachermadesuchan speechthatweallfelt .A．exciting ；exciting B．excited；excitedC．exciting ；excited D．excited；excitingWhenIcaughthim___me，Istoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop．A．cheated B．cheating C．tocheat D．tohavecheated3.Thechildren _____theviolinovertherewillgoonthestagenextweek.4/7A.playing B.play C.played D.toplay4.Theboy ____overthereismyyoungerbrother.A．cried B.beingcried C.crying D.tocry5.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother ’svoice_______him.A.calling B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall6.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_______foradegreeincomputerscience.A.studied B.studying C.tohavestudied D.tobestudying7.MissJohn ’shabitis_______withoutthroughunderstanding.A.read B.beingread C.toberead D.reading8.Thetower______theWarringStatesiswellworthvisiting.A.datedfrom B.datedbackfrom C.datingfrom D.todatefromWithnorainforthreemonthsandfoodsupplies______out,thesituationhereisgettingfrombadtoworse.A.run B.running C.torun D.toberun---Whowouldyouliketoseeatthemoment?Theman_____Mr.Green.A.calledhimself B.wecallhim C.callinghimself D.iscalledTheflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractedthevisitorstoehbeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt12.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____A.20dollarsremained B.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollars D.remaining20dollarsTheman_____thereisourheadmaster.Wouldyouliketogooverandsayhellotohim?A.stand B.tostand C.isstanding D.standing14.Thenoiseofdesks____could beheardoutinthestreet.We knewthere mustbeaschool5/7nearby.A.openingandclosing B.openedandclosedC.tobeopenedandclosed D.beingopenedandclosed15.Hisjobwas_______peoplewithallkindsoftrickshecanthinkof.A.entertain B.entertaining C.entertained D.toentertaining答案与解析完成句子1.leavingthemachinerunning 2.isconvincing 3.isastonishing 4.beingbuilt5.stealingacar 6.playinggames 7.walking 8.wisperingtoaboy9.shoutingnearthewindow 10.isfoundsmoking单项选择1. 答案：C解析：考查形容词。第一空作定语修饰物，用动词 ing形式；第二空作表语，修饰人，用v-ed形式，选C。2. 答案：B解析：依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的 him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为 B。3. 答案：A解析：根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是 Thechildren ，谓语部分是willgoonthestage ，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据 play与它的逻辑主语 children 之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children ，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为 playing。答案：C解析：依据cry与它的逻辑主语Theboy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。5. 答案：A解析：句意：敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他。 Voice 与call 之间是主动关系，故排除B和C两项。感官动词 hear加宾补成为 hea