2020年中考英语阅读理高分宝典

2020年中考英语阅读理高分宝典

（名师剖析解题技巧+实战训练，值得下载练习）

雯^状元必读［明确考点与注重难Q］

一、中考对阅读理解的考查主要集中在：

1.能根据上下文和构词法推断，理解生词的含义。

2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。

3.能找出文章中的主体，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。

4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料。

5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。

二、中考中阅读理解的篇幅和大体分值：3-4篇；22-30分

专家点拨［特高级写家做力打匿］

一、知识精讲

阅读理解考查的是什么？

阅读理解主要考查的是综合运用所学语言知识的能力。包括阅读能力，理解能力，归纳

概括能力，逻辑推理能力以及对阅读材料的评估能力。阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习

的重要任务，也是中考中的重要内容。阅读理解题主要是要求同学们能较快地通过阅读理解

短文的大意，获取其中的重要信息，能作出正确的判断，然后根据试题的要求从A,B,C,

D四个选项中选择出最佳的答案和作出正确的判断。

二、中考中阅读理解材料的选取

1.中考中阅读理解的文章不少于三篇。阅读量在1000个单词左右。

2.试题中所选的文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济，社会文化，风俗习惯，历史地理，科

学技术等各个领域。

【中考链接】

4篇中考阅读理解文章的题材分析

A

Agroupofswansflewdowntoabeachwhereacrow（乌鸦）wasjumpingaround.Thecrow

watchedthemwithdisdain（鄙视）.

“Youhavenoflyingskillsatall!^^hesaidtotheswans."Allyoucandoistomoveyour

wings.Canyouturnoverintheair?No,that'sbeyondyou.Lefshaveaflyingcompetition.I'll

showyouwhatrealflyingis!”

Oneoftheswans,astrongyoungmale,tookupthechallenge（挑战）.Thecrowflewupand

begantoshowhisskills.Heflewincircles,performedotherflyingtricks,andthencamedown

andlookedproudlyattheswan.

Nowitwastheswan'sturn.Heflewup,andbeganflyingoverthesea.Thecrowflewafter

him,makingallkindsofcomments（评价）abouthisflying.Theyflewonandontilltheycouldn't

seethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides.Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewer

comments.Hewasnowsoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggleto

keephimselffromfallingintothewater.

Theswanpretended（假装）mottonotice,andsaid,“Whydoyoukeeptouchingthewater,

brother?Isthatanothertrick?”

“No,"saidthecrow.Heknewhehadlostthecompetition."Fmintroublebecauseofmy

pride（自大）！Ifyoudon'thelpme,Plllosemylifb…”

Theswantookpityonhim,andtookhimonhisshouldersandflewbacktothebeach.

题材：寓言故事

B

In1975,JunkoTabeibecamethefirstwomantoreachthetopofMountEverestinthe

HimalayaMountains,thehighestmountainintheworldat29,035feet.

Junkowasbornin1939andgrewupinasmalltowninJapan.Duringherchildhood,shewas

thinandweak.Atage10,Junkowentonaschooltrip.Thestudentsclimbedtwomountains,and

Junkolovedit.Shecouldclimbinherowntimeandability.

AfterJunkograduatedfromuniversityin1962,shejoinedseveralclimbingclubs.Butthey

hadmostlymenmembers.Somerefusedtoclimbwithawoman.In,1965,Junkomarrieda

well-knownJapaneseclimber.Overtheyears,theyclimbedallthehighestmountainsofJapan.

MeanwhileJunkostartedawoman'sclimbingclub.By1972,shewaschosentoleadateam

ofwomentoclimbMountEverest.Ittookthreeyearsforthe15womentotrainandraisemoney

fortheirclimb.

Finallyin1975,theteamwenttoclimbthemountain.Theyfoundnineguidestohelpthem

climbupthemountain.EverythingwentwelluntilthemorningofMay4.Suddenlyahuge

amountofsnowandicefellonthem.OneguidesavedJunko.Sherushedtohelpothers.Everyone

wasalivebuttheyhadinjuries,includingJunko.However,theteamdecidedtocontinuetheir

climb.Abouttwoweekslater,onMay16,JunkoreachedthetopofMountEverest.Latershesaid,

“Ican'tunderstandwhymenmakeallthisfUss（过于关注）aboutEverest—ifsonlyamountain.

题材：人物传记

C

Whatisyourfavoritecolor?AskfamouspersonslikeCateBlanchett,ScarlettJohnson,and

Bono（singerforthebandU2）,andmaybetheywillsay“green."That'snotbecausetheseartists

likethecolorgreenbest.Instead,theyareinterestedingreenfashion.

Greenfashionisaboutmaking（andwearing）clothesthataregoodforhumans,animals,and

theEarth.Inthepast,greenfashionmadepeoplethinkofuglyclothes.Buttoday,greenfashionis

different.ItisaboutlookinggoodandcaringabouttheEarthandotherpeople.Youcanhave

interestingclothesandbegreen.

Aroundtheworld,greenfashionisbecomingpopular.Forexample,theU.K.company

PeopleTreesellsmen'sandwomen'sclothingandaccessories（配搭物）.Theyaremadefrom

naturalfabrics（织物）likecottonandwool.Workerswhomaketheclothesarefromcountrieslike

Kenya（肯尼亚），andBangladesh（孟力口拉国）.PeopleTreepaysthemenandwomengoodmoney

fortheclothestheymake.

SingerBonoandhiswifealsostartedaclothingcompanycalledEDUN.Whentheclothes

sell,EDUNusesmostofthemoneytohelppeoplearoundtheworld.

题材：社会时尚

D

Forhundredsofyears,scientistshavebeentryingtoanswerwhatthingshaveaneffecton

people'semotions（1W感）.Howyoufeeliscontrolledbymanythings.Youremotionscanbe

affectedbyyourpersonality,bytheactionsofothersandbyeventsaroundyou.Perhapsyoudon't

knowyouremotionscanbeinfluencedbytheweatheraswell.

Peopleoftensaytheyfeelgoodwhenthesunisshiningandsadwhenitiscloudy.Infact,

sunlightmakesusfeelgood.Whensunlighthitsourskins,ourbodiesproduceavitamin.Vitamins

arenaturalchemicals（化学物质）whichweallneedtostayhealthy.Sunlighthelpsourbodies

producevitaminD.VitaminDhelpsourbodiesmakeaspecialchemical.Thisspecialchemical

affectsourbrains（大脑）andmakesusfeelhappy.Forexample,therearelong,darkwintersof

littlesunlightinSwedenandNorway,somanypeopleinthesecountriesoftenfeelsad.Without

muchsunlight,theirbodiesproducelessvitaminD.WithoutenoughvitaminD,theirbodiesmake

lessofthisspecialchemicalwhichmakesthemfeelgood.Tohelpthepeopleinthesecountries

feelbetter,special“sunrooms”withartificial（人造的）lightshavebeenbuilt.Peoplecangothere

andget“sunlight“foranhourortwo!

Theweathercanalsoaffectpeople'semotionsinotherways.Hotweathercanmakepeople

angrybecausepeoplefeeluncomfortablewhentheyarehot.Inthesameway,raincanmake

peopleangrybecausebeingwetcanbeunpleasant.Asyoucansee,theweathercanhaveaneffect

onthechemicalswhichcontrolourbrains.Throughtheseways,theweathercaninfluenceour

emotions.Sadly,whiletheweathercanchangeus,wecanhardlychangetheweather.

题材：科技文化

3.体裁多样化，包括记叙文，说明文，议论文，应用文以及新闻报道，广告，通知，操

作说明，表格等。

【中考链接】

中考阅读理解题

A

Seetheworld...forfree!

Travelingisexpensive.Butyoucanseetheworld

forverylittlemoney!

Inthisworkshop,learnhowto...

►getcheaperplanetickets.

►travelwithyourfriendsforfree.

►seetheworldbyship...for$1perday!

Thiscourseisonlineatwww.ASRLCT.org

TravelTips

TheUSAPavilion（美国馆）isattheeastendofthe

ExpoGarden'sPudongSection（世博园浦东区），

whichcanbereachedfromGateNo.8.Visitorsare

advisedtovisitthepavilioninearlyafternoon,as

mostpeoplepreferstartingtheirvisitsfromearly

morning,whenitmighttakemorethananhourto

getinside.Thewholevisittakesabout45minutes.

TheBodyImageExhibitionison!

FromJune1toJuly1,over70piecesofpaintings,

photographsandvideoswillbeonshowatthe

Exhibition.

Address:325NanjingRoadW

Transport:Subwayline1,2and8

Openinghours:9a.m.-5p.m.（Noenteringafter4

p.m.）

Admission（入场费）：20yuan

Formoreinformationcall:021-6327-2829

体裁：广告

B

Sleepisveryimportant.Apersonwhodoesnotsleepdiesfasterthanapersonwhodoesnot

eat.Wespendaboutathird（1/3）ofourlivesinsleep.Thafsabout121daysayear!

Howmuchsleepdoweneed?Wearealldifferent.Ababyneeds16hoursofsleepeveryday.

Children6to12yearsoldneedanaverage（平均）of10to12hoursofsleep.Teenagersneed9to

10hoursofsleep.Anadultneedsanaverageof7to8hoursanight.Therearesomepeoplewho

needonly3hoursofsleep.Othersneed10hoursofsleep.Aftertheageof50,theaveragesleep

timegoesdownto6.5hoursanight.Weneedlesssleepaswegetolder.

AboutoneinthreeAmericanshasaproblemwithsleep.Manyofthesepeoplecannotfall

asleep.Thenameofthisproblemisinsomnia.Somepeoplesay,"Ididn'tsleepallnight.^^But

thafsnotreallytrue.Theymaysleeplightlyandwakeupseveraltimes.Inthemorning,theyonly

rememberthetimestheywereawake陋星着）,sotheythinktheywereawakeallnight.

Thisisnotanewproblem.Manyfamouspeopleinhistoryhadinsomnia.Someofthese

peoplehadspecialideastomakethemsleep.BenjaminFranklinhadfourbeds.Hemovedfrom

onetotheothertofallasleep.MarkTwainhadadifferentway.Helayonhissideacrosstheend

ofthebed!

体裁：说明文

三、阅读理解题型

中考英语阅读理解题主要有以下几种类型：

1.细节理解题

【题型特征】

细节理解题主要是考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实

的理解能力，一般包括直接理解题意（在原文中可直接找到答案）及语义转化题（需要将题

目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要.进行加工整

理后方能得出结论）。细节理解题在阅读理解中占相当大的一部分，涉及的内容很广，如时

间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等。此类题的出题形式很多，其常见的提问

方式有：

（1）WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?

（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?

（3）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?

（4）Accordingtothepassage,when/where/what/who/how/why...?

【应对策略】

在做阅读理解题时，除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清楚文中的一些重

要细节或事实。细节理解题的正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分。这一部

分可能是一个词或一个短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干个句子，但句式、用词和表达

方式不同。

状元典例

Goodevening,ladiesandgentlemen：May1drawyourattentiontothe"SafetyinFlight^^

booklet,whichyou'llfindinthepocketonthebackoftheseatinfrontofyou?Wedoaskyouto

readit.You'llalsofindamagazine,whichyoumayfindinteresting.Smokingisnotallowed

duringtheflight.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsduringtheflightpleasedonothesitate(犹豫)toask

thetwoflightattendants.Wouldyounowpleaseensurethatyourseatbeltsaresafelyfastenedin

preparationfortake-off?Wewishyouapleasantflight.Thankyou.

()1.Whenistheannouncementmadeontheplane?

A.Duringtheflight.B.Justbeforelanding.

C.Shortlybeforetakingoff.D.Shortlyaftertakingoff.

()2.Issmokingallowedduringtheflight?

A.Yes,butonlyduringdayflight.

B.Yes,butonlyinthetoilet.

C.Yes,butonlyinacertainareaoftheplane.

D.No,itisnotallowed.

()3.Whatarepassengersadvisedtodoaftertheysitontheseat?

A.Toreadthesigns.

B.Toaskquestions.

C.Toreadthe“SafetyinFlight"booklet.

D.Tofindoutwheretheycansmoke.

答案：l.C2.D3.C

思路分析:

1.C细节理解题文章倒数第三句话指出“Wouldyounowpleaseensurethatyourseat

beltsaresafelyfastenedinpreparationfortake-off?"即"起飞之前

系好安全带了吗？“，故选C。

2.D细节理解题文章第四句话“Smokingisnotallowedduringtheflight.”,故选D。

3.C细节理解题文章第一句话指出“MayIdrawyourattentiontothe'SafetyinFlight'

booklet,whichyou'Hfindinthepocketonthebackoftheseatinfrontofyou?Wedoaskyouto

readit.",故选C«

2.词义猜测题

【题型特征】

词义猜测题要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。其主要提问方式是：

(1)Whatdoestheword"…"mean?

(2)Inthispassage,theunderlinedword"means.

(3)Theunderlinedwordprobablymeans"intheUK”.

(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"...”mostprobablymean?

【应对策略】

I.构词法

有些单词我们还可以用构词法来进行猜测。常用的构词法有派生法、转换法以及合成法。

英语中有相当多一部分单词都是由上述3种构词法变化而来，这些单词的构成一直都有一定

的规律，掌握一些常见的规律，对于猜测考试中遇到的生词大有帮助。

2.释义法

在文中的字里行间，对生词以定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引

出并加以解释说明的方式。

3.情景推断法

猜测任何词义都离不开文章的语言情境,词义可以从上下文的具体语言环境中推断出来。

4.代词替代法

一般来讲，代词所指代的内容多在这一句话的前后句中。找到指代的内容后把它放在那

个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再最后判定它是否

为正确答案。

状元典例1

写出下面划线词语的意思

1.1couldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint.

2.“Nomanisanisland"isawell-knownlinefromJohnDonne'sDevotion,writtenmorethan

threehundredyearsago.Evennowpeoplestillagreewithhim.Noonecanliveacompletely

isolatedlife.Withoutotherpeople,lifebecameemptyandsad.Weallneedfriends.

3.Whydoesjogging-runningslowlybecomesopopular.

4.Don'tgiveyourpassword(密码)toanyone,andneverleakoulthefollowing

information—yourrealname,homeaddress,age,school,phonenumberorotherpersonal

information.

答案：1.昏暗的2.没有人是一座孤岛3.慢跑4.泄漏

思路分析：

1.上下词的因果关系

2.上下句的进一步解释

3.词的解释

4.上下文的逻辑关系

状元典例2

CoffeehasbecomethemostpopularAmericandrink.TodaypeopleintheUnitedStatesdrink

morecoffeethanpeopleinanyoftheothercountries.Peopledrinkcoffeeatbreakfast,atlunch,at

dinnerandbetweenmeals.Theydrinkhotcoffeeorcoffeewithiceinit.Theydrinkitatworkand

athome.Theyeatcoffeeice-creamandcoffeecandy.Coffeeisblackandverystrong.Different

peopleliketodrinkitindifferentways.Somepeoplelikecoffeewithcreamorsugarinit.Other

peoplelikecoffeewithbothcreamandsugarinit.Inallwaysitisserved.Coffeehasbecomean

internationaldrink.

()“Coffeeisblackandverystrong.^^ThewordSTRONGheremeans.

A.坚固的B.淡的C.清的D.浓的

答案：D

思路分析：词义猜测题strong这个词有“浓烈”的意思，在这里指咖啡，即为“浓的”的含

义，故选D。

3.推理判断题

【题型特征】

推理判断题是阅读理解部分的一项重要内容。这类题要求考生根据阅读材料所提供的信

息，脱离字面理解的局限，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，从而推断出未

知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。推断的有关文字可能是词，

也可能是句子，甚至是全文。此类题目在文章中没有明确的答案，需要在理解全文的基础上

进行推理和判断。问句中常含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推断，暗示)等词。其主要提问

方式是：

(1)Fromthestorywecanguess.

(2)Thewriterwritesthistextto.

(3)Thewriterbelievesthat.

(4)Thewritersuggeststhat.

(5)Wecanlearnfromthispassage.

【应对策略】

推理判断题的答案往往不会在文章的字面上直接出现，必须依据已有信息来进行推理,

但不能脱离原文去主观臆断。因此，在做推理判断题时，必须从原文里找到推断的依据。

(1)首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断

未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意

揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

(2)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基

础。

状元典例

Theworldisnotonlyhungry,itisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,since

nearly75percentoftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97percentofthishuge

amountisseawater,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusethe.other3percent-thefresh

waterthatcomesfromrivers,lakes,undergroundandothersources.But,unfortunately,someofit

hasbeenpollutedandisunfitfordrinking.

However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmalloffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.Butourneed

forwaterisincreasingrapidly-almostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblem

nowcanweavoidasevereworldwidewatershortagelateron.Soweallhavetolearnhowtostop

wastingourpreciouswater.

()1.Whichofthefollowingcannotexplainwhywearenotabletousealloftheearth's

water?

A.Onlyasmallpercentageofitisfitfordrinking.

B.Someofithasbeenpolluted.

C.About97percentofitisseawater.

D.Freshwaterisstillenoughfbrustoday.

()2.Atpresentthesupplyoffreshwater.

A.isfarfromenoughforustouse

B.hasbeenalreadyasevereworldwideproblem

C.isjustsufficientforustoliveonforthetimebeing,burourneedisincreasingdaybyday

D.isstillrichenough

答案：1.D2.B

思路分析：

l.D推理判断题通读全文可知，我们不能使用地球上所有的水的原因不是因为淡水资源

还很.丰富，而是因为地球上大部分的水都是海水，人类不