2023届一模英语试卷

绝密★启用前2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题卷(银川一中第一次模拟考试)注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解(共两节。满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题：每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.＄19.15. B.＄9.18 C.＄9.15答案是C.1.WhatdoesthemansayaboutJack?A.He’shumorous. B.He’sresponsible. C.He’sserious.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Cousins. B.Classmates. C.Uncleandniece.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whattohaveforlunch.B.Wheretobuysomevegetables.C.Whowillcookameal.4.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Inthecarshop. B.Inthetoyshop. C.Intheclothingshop.5.Whatdoesthemanusuallydoinhissparetime?A.Playchesswithhisgrandfather.B.Playvideogames.C.Dosomeexercise.第二节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthemanapologize?A.Fornotgoingtotheamusementpark.B.Fornotexplainingthereasonintime.C.Fornotattendingtheparent-teachermeeting.7.Whatsubjectisthewomanprobablybadat?A.Physics. B.English. C.Math.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atthewoman’shome. B.Atawedding. C.Onthephone.9.WhenwillRosearriveatTom’shouse?A.OnJune30th. B.OnJuly1st. C.OnJuly2nd.10.WhatisTomlikelytodonext?A.Answerthedoor. B.Callhisfriend. C.Sendoutaninvitation.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatisMax’spurposeofgoingtoEurope?A.Towork. B.Totravel. C.Tostudy.12.WhichcountryisMaxin?A.Belgium. B.France. C.Switzerland.13.WhatwillRitadonext?A.Sharehervideos. B.Takesomepictures. C.Tellthemananaccount.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.WhatdoesLouishelpthewomancarry?A.Theboxandtheumbrella. B.Thechairandthecamera. C.Thecameraandthebox.15.HowmanytimesdidLouisgotothegymthisweek?A.Seventimes. B.Sixtimes. C.Twice.16.WhatdidLouisprobablydotoday?A.Hehadhishaircut.B.Hecleanedhishouse.C.Hetalkedwiththeelderly.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WherewasRandyBachman’sguitarstolen?A.InJapan. B.InAmerica. C.InCanada.18.HowdidRandyBachmanmakemoneytobuytheguitar?A.Bylookingafterchildren. B.Bysellingcars. C.Bysingingsongs.19.WhatdidWilliamLongthinkoffindingRandyBachman’sguitar?A.Itwasmeaningless. B.Itwashopeful. C.Itwasimpossible.20.HowmuchdidTakeshipayforRandyBachman’sguitar?A.$400. B.$6,300. C.$85,000.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATherewillbefourconcertsthatareworthexpectingthisyear.TicketsforeachconcertarejustUS$59.95perpersonwhenyouorderallfourevents.Hereisthecompleteshowinformationforeachconcert.DeanZ—TheUltimateElvisMarch12—15,2023DeanZistheultimateElvis!WhenDeanwasthree,“ThisIsElvis”wasbeingbroadcastontelevision.HeimmediatelyjumpedonthecoffeetableandstartedimitatingPresley’severymove.Hisnewestshow,DeanZ,TheUltimateElvisisthehighpointofalife-longcareerpayingtributetothemanwhowillalwaysbeknownastheKingofRockandRoll,ElvisPresley!December’63March19—22,2023ThemusicofFRANKIEVALLIANDTHEFOURSEASONScomestolifeinthisuniqueconcertexperience.December’63showsfavoritesongsfromFrankieVallithathavebeenexcitingaudiencesfordecades.Thisre-creationofaFrankieValliandTheFourSeasonsconcertwillhaveyoureachingforthehighnotesasourperformerstakeyouonamusicaljourneywithstopsateveryphaseoftheircareers!PianoMen:GenerationsMarch26—29,2023Don’tmissthereturnoflastseason’smostpopularconcert!TheamazingfatherandsonteamofTerryandNickDaviescelebratethemusicalinfluencesofBillyJoelandEltonJohn.NotonlyhaveBillyandEltonwrittenandperformedmusicthathasbeenspreadforfourdecades,butalsoseatedthemselvesbehindthepiano!JoinTerryandNickandtheirincrediblebandonthisjourneythroughtheirlong,successfulcareers.Rockin’OutWithSteveWattsApril9—19,2023FiresidefavoriteSteveWattsandmembersofthepopularFiresideBandbringyouafast-paced,heartpoundingconcertofRockandRollclassicstotheFiresidestagefortwoweekends.Steveandthebandwillplaysomeofhisparticularfavoritesfromthe60’sthroughtodayincludingsuchartistsasBruceSpringsteen;DavidBowie,TheBeatlesandmanymore!21.Howmuchwillyoupayintotalifyouorderfourconcerts?A.US$59.95. B.US$239.8. C.US$279.26. D.US$279.62.22.Inwhichconcertcanyouenjoysongsofthe1960s?A.Rockin’OutWithSteveWatts. B.PianoMen:Generations. C.December’63. D.DeanZ—TheUltimateElvis.23.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourconcerts?A.Alltheperformerswillsingaseriesofrocksongs.B.TheyallwillbeheldinMarch.C.Allthesongsareoldsongsworthremembering.D.TheyallwillbebroadcastonTV.BFashiondesignersarealwayslookingfornewmaterialstoworkwith.Lately,it'sallaboutenvironment-friendlymaterials-recycledtyres,mushrooms,evenpineapplefibers!Whatifyouwantsuchapairofshoes?Thaelyisheretohelp. ThissneakerbrandoutofDubaiwantstofightthegrowingproblemofplasticpollution.Ledby23-year-oldIndianbusinessmanAshayBhave,theymayhavefoundawinningapproach;makingshoesoutofplasticgrocerybags.“Thaely”means“plasticbag”intheHindilanguage.“Iwaslookingtocreatefootwearthatiscost-effectiveandsafefortheenvironment,”Bhavesaidinaninterviewwithanewspaper.“Ineededtocomeupwithsomethingthatusesrecycledplasticwithoutcreatinganymoreplasticwaste.”Plasticbagsweretheperfectsolution.Hesaidfivetrillionplasticbagsareusedaroundtheworldeachyear.“Iwasmotivatedtofindasolutiontothisproblem,”Bhavesaid. ThatsolutionwasthefibercalledThaelyTex.Madeentirelyfromplasticbags,themateriallooksandfeelslikeleather.Thatsoundspromising.Betteryet,theproductionprocessrequiresnoadditionalchemicalsandproducesnopoisonousby-products.Theresultisasmart-lookingpairofwhitelow-topsneakers. Bhavewouldn'texposethefullprocessformakingThaelyTex,buthesaidthateachpairofshoeswasmadefromupto15plasticbagsand22plasticbottles.Wheredotheygetthematerials?BhavetoldEllethatwasthehardestpart.“Thebiggestchallengewefacedwasrightatthefirststepofacquiringtheplasticbags.” Finally,theygothelpfromTrioTapTechnologies,awastemanagementplant.BhavesaidtheyofferedtocollectthebagsandalsoprocessthemintoThaelyTex.Sofar,itseemslikethingsarefallingintoplace.Therearealreadyhundredsofpre-ordersinplace.Itsoundsliketheyhavesomeplansforthefuture.“Wehaveafewmorecolorscomingup,”saidBhave.Theyalsoplantoputoutahigh-topmodelandbringinalineofclothing.Let'shopetheirgrowthisalsofriendlytotheenvironment.24.WhydidBhavechoosetomakeshoesoutofplasticbags?A.Tosetanewfootweartrend.B.Totestnewmaterialsforfootwear.C.Touserecycledplasticinanenvironment-friendlyway. D.Toreducetheuseofplasticbagsinhishomecountry.25.WhatwasthemostdifficulttaskforBhave?A.HavingafewmorecolorsforThaely. B.ProcessingplasticbagsintoThaelyTex.C.Dealingwithmanypoisonousby-productsD.Collectingenoughproductionmaterials26.Theunderlinedpart“putout”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A.conserve B.produce C.provide D.broadcast27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Thaely:killerofwasteplasticbagsB.Bhave:apromisingyoungmanC.ThaelyTex:materialoutofplasticbagsD.TrioTapTechnologies:awastemanagementplantCTheadvicetodrinkeightglassesofwaterperdaytostayhealthycouldbemisleading,anewstudyhasfound.Theresearchlookedatdatafrom5,600peopleacross26countrieswithagesrangingfromsevendaysoldto96yearsold.Itfoundthatpeoplemayneedlessthanthisamountperday,butrequirementscanvaryonanindividualbasis.“Thesciencehasneversupportedtheoldeightglassesthingasanappropriateguideline,mainlybecauseitconfusedtotalwaterturnover*withwaterfromdrinks.Andalotofyourwatercomesfromthefoodyoueat,”saysleadauthorofthestudy,ProfessorDaleSchoeller.“Thisstudyisthebestwe’vedonesofartomeasurehowmuchwaterpeopleactuallyconsumeonadailybasis,andthemajorfactorsthatdrivewaterturnover.”Resultsshowdailywaterneedspeakamongmenaged20-29,buttheyremainthesameforwomenfromtheageof20to55.Theteamalsofoundthatmen’sandwomen’swaterrequirementsdifferbyabouttwoglasses,orhalfaliter.Theaverage20-year-oldmanofnormalweightlivinginatemperateclimatewouldtakeinandloseabout3.2literseveryday.Forwomen,thatnumberiscloserto2.7.Accordingtothestudy,physicalactivitylevelexplainedthelargestproportionofthedifferencesinwaterturnover,followedbysex,theHumanDevelopmentIndex(人类发展指数),andage.Theresearchersfoundhunter-gatherersandfarmersindevelopingnationshadhigherwaterturnoverthanthoseinindustrializedeconomies.Inotherwords,theloweryourhomecountry’sHumanDevelopmentIndex,themorewateryougothroughinaday.“That’srepresentingthecombinationofseveralfactors,”Schoellercontinues.“ThosepeopleinlowHDIcountriesaremorelikelytoliveinareaswithhigheraveragetemperatures,andmorelikelytobeperformingphysicallabor.That,plusbeinglesslikelytohaveaccesstoasipofcleanwaterwhenevertheyneedit,makestheirwaterturnoverhigher.”Theresultsofthestudywillhaveaninfluenceonglobalwarming.Theresearchershopethatthestudywillbeabletohelptopredictmorespecificandaccuratefuturewaterneeds.*waterturnover:水周转量，即水的总交换量，包括了我们摄入的水分和流失的水分。28.Whatcanbelearnedfromthenewstudy?A.Womenneedlesswaterperdaywhenturningtwenty.B.Menconsumethemostwaterperdayintheir20s.C.Menconsumetwolitersofwaterperdaymorethanwomen.D.Thedailywaterturnoverofamandoublesthatofawoman.29.What’sProfessorDaleSchoeller’sattitudetowardstheeightglassestheory?A.Approved. B.Objective. C.Negative. D.Unclear.30.Whicharethefactorsmentionedinthetextthatcausethedifferenceinwaterturnoveramongpeople?a.Genderdifference.b.Waterdrinkinghabits.c.Theamountofphysicalworkapersonperforms.d.Thelevelofdevelopmentofthecountryapersonlivesin.A.acd B.bcd C.abd D.abc31.WhatdoesSchoellerexplaininthesixthparagraph?A.ThewatershortageproblemfacedbylowHDIcountries.B.ThepoorlivingconditionofpeopleinlowHDIcountries.C.WhypeoplelivinginlowHDIcountrieshavehigherwaterturnover.D.WhypeoplelivinginlowHDIcountriescannotgetcleanwater.DUsingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganismstoradiate(向周围辐射出去）andevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,“Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandtheinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.”Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中断)，AIdetected“bigfivemassextinctions,sevenmoremassextinctions,twomassextinction-radiationeventsand15massradiations.Mostimportantly,itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachother,changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianExplosionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedonthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianExplosion,usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(孤立的)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenberg,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon'tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”32.What'sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toanalyzethecauseofcreativedestruction.B.Totellustheresultofthenewstudy.C.ToexplainthepowerofartificialintelligenceD.Topresenttheconventionalideaofmassextinction.33.WhatdoDr.HoyalCuthill'swordsimply?A.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.B.It'sdifficulttounderstandthehistoryoflife.C.Newspeciesappearbeforemassextinction.D.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.34.WhyistheCambrianExplosionmentionedinthetext?A.Toprovideknowledgeofhistory.B.TohighlighttheimportanceofAI.C.Tosupportthenewstudy.D.Toprovethepreviousviewisright.35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anewunderstandingofmassextinction.B.Theprocessesofbiologicalevolution.C.AnimalspecieswithmodernphysicalfeaturesD.Therelationshipbetweenmassextinctionandradiation第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You'llprobablybefamiliarwiththeNorthAmericanspellingoftheword“airplane”.However,ifyou'veeverbeenonaninternationalflightleavingtheUnitedStatesandgoingtoanotherEnglish-speakingcountryliketheUnitedKingdom,you'veprobablynoticedthatthereareafewdifferencesbetweentheAmericanandBritishspellingsofwordswiththesamemeaning.36.TheAmericanEnglishspellingis“airplane”whiletheBritishEnglishspellingis“aeroplane”.So,whydoesthishappen?Let'slookattherootofthephenomenon.37.“BritishEnglishhasageneraltendencytofavourspellingsandwordsthatremindpeopleofFrench,butAmericanEnglish,whenithasdeviated(背离)fromwhatBritishEnglishdoes,oftenchangesintothedirectionofseeminglessFrench,”saysLynneMurphy,authorofTheProdigalTongue:TheLove-HateRelationshipBetweenBritish&AmericanEnglish.38.“Aeroplane”isnoexception.“We'recomfortablewith‘aero’inscientificterms,butasplanesbecamemorecommonthingstotalkabout,the‘aero’seemedtoofancy,”explainsMurphy.“InScientificAmericanin1906,therewasalreadyaclaimthat‘39’.Tenyearslater,‘airplane’wasadoptedbytheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronauticsastheirterm.ItwasconsideredintheUnitedKingdom,butthatsuggestiondidn'tgoanywhere.”There'sagoodreasonwhywordsthatmeanthesamethingarespelleddifferently,andwhythatwillcontinuetohappen.“40andpeoplearegenerallyproudofit,sotheycontinuetospelldifferently,”saysMurphy.A.EverycountryhasdifferentcultureB.AirplaneisamuchbetterwordthanaeroplaneC.Yourspellingtellspeoplewhereyou'refromD.Theword“airplane”happenstobeanexampleE.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishhavesimilarhistoricaloriginsF.AlotofwordsintheEnglishlanguageareborrowedfromotherlanguages,likeLatin,Greek,andFrenchG.There'salotofhistorythatgoesbeyondwordsanddivesdeepintopolitics,governmentandscience第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节(共20小题;每小题分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Nowatsomelevel,allmomsanddadsknowtheyshouldn'tyellatkids.Butifyoudon't41ortalkangrily,howdoyoudiscipline(管教)?Forthousandsofyears,theInuithave42anancienttool:storytelling.Designedtoimprovekids’behaviorsandsometimes43savetheirlives,oralstoriesarepasseddownfromone44tothenext.Forexample,howdoyouteachkidsto45theocean?Insteadof46,“Don'tgonearthewater!”Inuitparentstakeaunique47andtellkidsaspecialstoryaboutwhat'sinsidethewater.48,thosestoriesseemedtometooscaryforlittlechildren.Andmyinitialreactionwasto49them.ButmyopinionchangedafterIwatchedmyowndaughter'sresponseto50tales---andafterIlearnedmoreabouthumanity'scomplexrelationshipwithstorytelling.Oralstorytellingiswhat'sknownasahuman51.Fortensofthousandsofyears,ithasbeenakeywaythatparentsteachchildrenaboutvaluesandhowto52.Modernhunter-gatherergroupsuse53toteachsharing,respectforothersandconflictavoidance.WiththeAgta,ahunter-gathererpopulationofthePhilippines,goodstorytellingskillsare54morethanhuntingskillsormedicinalknowledge.Todaymanyparentsoutsourcetheiroralstorytellingtoscreens,whichalso55.Welearnbestthroughthingsthatare56tous.Andstories,bytheir57,canhavelotsofthingsinthemthataremuchmoreinterestinginawaythatbare58don't.Storieswithadashofdanger59kidslikemagnets(磁石).Andtheyturnatension-riddenactivitylikediscipliningintoa60interaction.So,don'tdiscounttheplayfulnessofstorytelling41.A.answer B.scold C.defend D.stare42.A.reliedon B.runinto C.dealtwith D.appliedfor43.A.still B.only C.even D.never44.A.point B.season C.destination D.generation45.A.stayawayfrom B.lookforwardto C.faceupto D.putupwith46.A.yelling B.begging C.recommending D.questioning47.A.contribution B.approach C.opportunity D.introduction48.A.Atleast B.Inaddition C.Atfirst D.Forexample49.A.subscribe B.dismiss C.substitute D.prove50.A.familiar B.personal C.humorous D.similar51.A.form B.right C.characteristic D.emotion52.A.behave B.calculate C.change D.differ53.A.toys B.experiments C.videos D.stories54.A.affected B.prized C.distributed D.blamed55.A.declines B.exists C.works D.concludes56.A.important B.available C.apparent D.interesting57.A.nature B.size C.purpose D.aspect58.A.prediction B.imagination C.statements D.performances59.A.consistof B.turndown C.payoff D.pullin60.A.careful B.playful C.doubtful D.painful第二节（共10小题；每小题分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThefullmoonlightsuptheskyontheeveningoftheLanternFestival.Thefestival,whichfalls61the15thdayofthefirstmonthintheChineselunarcalendar,markstheendofmorethantwoweeksofChineseNewYear62(celebrate)eachyear.Solving“lanternriddles”isamongthemanypopulartraditionalactivitiesforthefestival,whichincludeeatingtangyuan,enjoyingthefullmoon,and63(lose)incolorfullightedlanterns.Theseguessinggames64(refer)toaslanternriddlesbecausetheyinvolveriddleswrittenonlanternsoronslipsofpaper65(attach)tolanterns.Theyoftencontainmessagesofgreat66(w