高一英语-人教版-必修一-全册重点单词短语及句型的归纳

必修IUnit1重点单词和短语１、addup合计 addupto…共计,总计达 add…to把…加在里面２、upsetsb.某人担忧 upsetoneselfaboutsth.为某事而苦恼beupsetat/about因…而苦恼３、ignoresb./sth.忽视，不理睬 beignorantof对…无知，不了解ignorantadj无知的，愚昧的 ignorancen无知.愚昧４、calmvt.&vi.（使）安静；（使）镇静calmdown冷静,安静 calmsb.down使某人冷静 adj.安静的；镇静的 keepcalm保持冷静５、concernvt.使担忧；涉与；关系到n.担忧；关注 withconcern关切地show(no)concernfor/aboutsb. concernoneselfwith/in参与，干涉 beconcernedwith与…有关系 beconcernedabout/forsth./that-clause为…担忧，挂念 Asfaras…beconcerned就某某而言concerningprep.关于，有关６、walkthedog遛狗７、gothrough经验,经受 gothroughahardtime经验了一段困难时期gothroughthebaggage检查行李 gothroughthenewspaper阅读报纸 gothroughlotsofmoney花了很多钱８、setdown.登记，放下Setaside留出，腾出（时间，金钱），把…放一边Setoff动身，动身，引起，使爆炸Setup建立Setaboutdoing起先，着手Setouttodosth. setdowntheideasonpaper把想法写在纸上setmedownatthebus-stop９、aseriesof一系列的,一连串的 aseriesofbooks丛书 aseriesofstamps一套邮票aseriesofpictures连环画10、onpurpose有意地=bydesign=deliberatelybychance/accident=accidentally lietosb.onpurpose有意向某人撒谎 onpurposetodosth.为了…而特地 gothereonpurposetoseesb.特意到那里去看某人for/withthepurposeof为了…地目的11、inorderto/soasto(dosth.)为了,以……为目的 soasto“为了”,只能用在句中。inorderthat/sothat“为了”,其后接句子。12、atdusk在黄昏时刻atdawn在黎明时分13、facetoface面对面地(作状语) haveaface-to-faceinterviewwiththehero和这位英雄进行一次面对面的采访 shouldertoshoulder肩并肩地 handinhand手拉手地 hearttoheart贴心地 sidebyside并排地 backtoback背靠背地 arminarm臂挽臂地wordbyword逐字地14、settlesb.使..定居，安家settleanargument/amatter解决争端/问题settledown定居下来，安静下来，舒适地坐下that’ssettled.说一不二15、suffervi.&vt.遭遇；忍受；经验 ⑴sufferfrom因……而苦痛,患……病 sufferfromloneliness因孤独而苦痛sufferfromabadcold得了重感冒 ⑵遭遇,蒙受(苦痛、饥饿、寒冷、损失等) sufferaheavyloss遭遇严峻损失sufferpain/hunger/cold/death遭遇苦痛;饥饿;寒冷;死亡 sufferern.受苦者 sufferingn.苦痛,苦难recoverfromillness生病后复原operationget/betiredof对…厌烦pack(sth.)up将（东西）装箱打包getalong/onwithgetalong/onwithsb.与某人相处 getalong/onwithsth.某事进展 getalong/onwell/nicely/badlywith与……处得好/不好;……进展顺当/不顺当fallinlove相爱，爱上joininsth./doingsth.参与活动 joininplayingfootball参与踢足球 joininthegame参与嬉戏活动 join参与组织团体 jointhearmy参军 joinsb.in和……一起参与……活动 jointheminsinging与他们一起唱歌attend22、havetrouble/difficulty/problemwithsb./sth.和某人相处/做某事有困难havetrouble/difficulty/problem(in)doingsth.做某事有困难highwayfreewaysubwayTeenager/adolescentExactalynotexactaly作文中：同意某人看法，不同意某人看法GratefulTipItemGossipwhisperStayawakestayup重点句子Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.Whilewalkingthedog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.当他在公园漫步的时候，他偶遇了一位老挚友sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Withsometechnicalproblems_______解决，itmaybeawhilebeforeelectriccarsareputinactualuse.Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Itisnotwhatwedoonceinawhile_____shapesourlives,butwhatwedoconsistently.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongsofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface…ItisthefirsttimeIt’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperiencedNouse/good/doingsth.Thereisnothingwrongwithyouandthisboybeingfriendsandstudyingtogether.IstillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththemIwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceBesupposedtodosth.BesidesBeboundtounit2重点单词和短语becauseof因为(后接名词、代词、名词性从句)dueto“由于”,作表语或状语; thanksto“由于,多亏”,作表语或状语;owingto“由于”,作表语或状语; asaresultof“因为……的结果”,作状语;onaccountof“因为”,作状语sinceoweto归功于2、nativelocal adj.本地的,本土的 one’snativeland/country/language家乡；祖国；母语 anativespeakerofEnglish以英语为母语的人benativeto（动植物）原产于某地 n.本地人；当地人；原产于某地的动植物anativeofZhongXiang钟祥人3、official:adj正式的；正式的n.官员anofficiallanguage一种官方语言 anofficialdocument一份正式文件4、comeup:走上前来；被提出；（太阳、月亮）升起；发生HecameuptomeandsaidhellotomeYourquestioncameupatthemeetingThesunhascomeupI’llletyouknowifanythingcomesupcomeupwithagoodidea:想出一个好点子5、basebasicvt.以……为依据：basesth.onsth.使……以……为依据/基础baseone’sopinionsonfacts:看法以事实为依据bebasedon:以……为依据n．基础：makeLondonthebaseforrevolutionarywork使伦敦成为革命工作的依据地basisn.依据；基本原则onthebasisof……在……的基础上thebasisof/foryouropinion你的看法的依据6、presentv.赠送；呈现；介绍；描述presentsth.tosb./presentsb.withsth.向某人赠送/颁发/授予/介绍某物presentsb.tosb.else向某人介绍/引见某人adj现在的；在场地bepresentatthemeeting出席会议 thepresentsituation目前的形式atpresent/atthepresenttime目前；现在 everyonepresent在场的各位forthepresent眼下；短暂 n.赠品；礼物7、vocabulary词汇；词汇量with/havealargevocabulary:词汇量很大increase/enlargevocabulary增加/扩大词汇（量）8、makeuseof利用；运用 makefulluseof充分利用makegooduseof好好利用 makelittleuseof不充分利用makethebest(use)of更好地利用；往好里做makethemostof更好地利用HisprogressinstudyliesinthegoodusehemadeofhissparetimeWeshouldconsiderwhatusecanbemadeofsuchamaterial9、suchas:用于列举，往往不能把事物全部列出，可以以“名词（,）suchas+被列举的事物”和“such+名词+as+被列举的事物”形式出现Sweetfood,suchaschocolatecanmakeyoufat=Suchsweetfoodaschocolatecanmakeyoufat10、command V.吩咐；指令；驾驭 commandsb.todosth.吩咐某人做某事 command(that)sb.(should)dosth.从句中用虚拟语气 n．吩咐;指令；驾驭 obeythecaptain’scommands听从船长的吩咐 giveacommand发布吩咐bysb’scommand依据……的吩咐takethecommandofanarmy:统帅/指挥一支军队underthecommandofsb.=undersb’scommand在……的指挥下haveagoodcommandofEnglish.精通/娴熟驾驭英语11、requestV.恳求，要求 requeststh.要求/恳求得到，索要某物 requeststh.fromsb.向某人索要某物requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事requestthatsb.(should)dosth.It’srequestedthat从句据要求 asrequested依据恳求 n．要求，恳求makearequestforsth.要求/须要某物 makearequestthat从句，要求byrequest应邀 atsb’srequest/attherequestofsb.依据…的恳求insist,order,command,suggest,advise,recommend,request,require,ask,demand,urge12、playapartin在……中担当角色/起作playthepartofsb扮演某人的角色playanimportant/vitalpart/rolein(doing)sth.在……中起重要/至关重要的作用playtheleadingrole/part起主要作用，起带头作用，演主角13、recognizevt.识别；认出realizerecognizesb./sb’svoice.认出某人/听出某人的声音recognizesth./that从句承认 recognizesth./sb.tobe承认某人是……recognizesth./sb.assth.正式认可/接受某事/人为……recognitionn.承认，认出 beyond/outofrecognition认不出来14、alargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakers很多英语讲得流利的人thenumberofpeoplelearningEnglish学习英语的人的数目15、makesense有道理；有意义；讲得通16、holdon别挂();坚持17、askdirections问路givedirections指路；赐予指示inthedirectionof朝……方向inalldirections=ineverydirection向四面八方18、putsth.down写下；登记；镇压19、havefunwithsth.以……为乐ActuallyApartmentTheformerthelatterFluentfrequentDialect,ExpressionBlockstraightTruckaccent重点句子NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.EventhoughItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.Itwasmore….than….that….Bythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.OnereasonisthatEnglishhasalargevocabulary.Ontheonehand,ontheotherhandsForonething,foranotherBelieveitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwoblocks.PlentyofUnit3重点单词和短语1、transportn.运输；运输thepublictransportofthecity城市公共运输系统thetransportofgoodsbyair空运货物intheprocessof/duringtransport/transportation在运输过程中v．运输；运输transport…(from…)to…把…从…运到…transportationn.运输ameansoftransportation一种运输方式translate,transform,transplant2、prefervt.更宠爱 prefercoffeetotea.更宠爱咖啡而不是茶preferdoingtodoing更宠爱干……而不愿干……prefertodoratherthando宁愿干……而不愿干……prefersbtodosth.宁愿让某人做某事preferthatsb(should)do更宁愿某人干…preferencen.(两者之中)较宠爱的东西；偏好；偏爱haveapreferencefor…对……偏爱 havenoparticularpreference没有特殊的偏好inpreferenceto…而不是3、eversince.从那以后4、persuadevt.劝服；劝服、convincesb.Ofsth.persuadesb.todosth.=odoingsth.劝服某人做……persuadesb.nottodo=persuadesb.outofdoing劝服某人停止做……；劝阻某人做……persuadesb.ofsth.或persuadesb.+that从句使某人信任persuasiveadj.有劝服力的 persuasionn.劝服；劝告5、graduate.v.毕业degree,certification,ceremonyBachelor学士doctorscholar，scholarship,majorgraduatefrom…从……毕业 graduatesb.授予某人学位或毕业文凭n．毕业生：ahighschoolgraduate:中学毕业生asciencegraduate理学士graduationn.毕业 after/beforegraduation毕业后/前6、schedule:n.时辰表；进度表 classschedule:课程表 aheadofschedule较预定的时间提前 onschedule依据预定的时间，按时 behindschedule迟于预定的时间；拖后 vt.为……支配时间schedulethemeetingforthatnight会议的时间定在那天晚上bescheduledtodosth.预定做某事7、befondof(doing)sth.beinto/crazyabout(doing)sth.宠爱（做）某事；对做某事感爱好beinterestedin(doing)sth.8、organize.vt组织；成立；支配；整理organizeafootballmatch组织一场足球赛 organizeyourthoughts整理你的思路organizesb.todosth.组织某人干某事9、careabout关切；忧虑；惦念 carefor宠爱；照看10、determinevt.&vi.确定；确定；使…下定决心determinesth.确定某事 determinetodo确定做某事determinesb.todosth.使某人确定做某事determineonearlystart=determinetostartearly确定早动身determine+从句determinedadj已确定了的；坚决的；坚决的bedeterminedthat从句bedeterminedtodosth确定干某事=makeupone’smindtodoadeterminedlook坚决的表情adeterminedman意志坚决的人determination确定；决心 withdetermination坚决地amanofgreatdetermination意志坚决的人11、goon/make/takeajourneytosp.去某地旅行12、altitude.n.海拔；高处atanaltitudeof=ataheightof在……高度at表示“在……处/时；以……” atapriceof以……的价格 ataspeed/rateof以……速度atalengthof在……长度atadepth/widthof在……深度，宽度atadistanceof在……远的距离atthecostof以……为代价attitude13、makeupone’smind下决心 readone’smind看出某人心思 keepone’smindon用心于 speakone’smind直言不讳 bear/keepsth.inmind记住某事absent-minded14、givein(tosb./sth.)(向……)屈服；让步；倒戈giveoff发出（蒸汽、光、热等）giveout分发；力倦神疲 givewayto让位于；妥协giveaway赠送，泄露，出卖giveback归还15、pace.n.一步；速度；步调 atagoodpace相当快地keeppacewith跟……齐步前进16、attitude,n.看法；看法takeafriendlyattitudeto/towardsus.对我们实行友善的看法holdapositive/negativeattitude持主动/消极看法17、asusual:照常18、atmidnight在午夜 atnoon在正午19、flowthroughsp.流经某地20、insistv.坚决要求；主见insiston(sb’s)doingsth.坚决要求（某人）做insiston(my)givingupsmoking坚决要求（我）戒烟insist+从句Heinsistedthathewasright.他坚持认为他是正确的Heinsistedthatheshouldbesetfree.他坚决要求他被释放21、go/runlikeclockwork按支配进行；进展顺当22、weatherforecast天气预报23、view.n.视野；视力；景色；看法；观点be/gooutofview从视野消逝 comeintoview进入视线admiretheview观赏景色inmyview=frommypointofview依我看来taketheviewthat从句，持有……观点V.考虑；观看viewsb.assth.把……看作24、putupthetents.搭起帐篷 putupyourhands举手putupthepost张贴海报 putuptenpeoplefornight25、givemylove/bestwishestosb.请代我向……问好/候Advantage,disadvantageFare,feeRouteFinallyShortcomingStubbornDetailSourceforecastValleyBendParcelInsuranceReliableViewFlameTemplecave重点句子Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.Sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.一旦你驾驭了这门技能，你会发觉解决这类问题更简单haveagoodknowledgeofsth.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.Ipreferthereddresstothegreenonebecauseitfitsmebetter.TheveryfirsttimethatJoesawthefilm“ET”directedbyStevenSpielberg,hemadeuphismindtobecomeadirectortoo.Giveasmuchinformationasyoucan.Toclimbthemountainwashardwork.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem.Can’thelpdoingsth.Unit4重点单词和短语1、right/straightaway=atonce立即；立刻rightnow,immediately,innotome2、burst(burst,burst)vi.爆裂；爆发burstintoaplace=breakintoaplace突然闯进burstin突然插嘴；打断burstintotears/laughters/flames突然大哭/大笑/起火burstoutcrying/laughing/singing突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来n.一阵aburstoflaughter/applause一阵笑声/掌声aburstofanger怒火的迸发3、asif/though仿佛；似乎4、atanend结束；终结 intheend最终；最终attheend(ofsth.)在结尾处；在（……）结束的时候bytheendofthismonth在本月末5、ruinn.废墟；毁灭；遗迹 be/lie/standinruins成为一片废墟 theruinsofYuanmingyuan圆明圆遗迹 v.毁灭；使破产/灭ruinone’shealth毁坏某人健康 ruinone’shope使某人希望破灭6、destroy(destroyed,destroyed)vt.破坏；毁坏；歼灭destroythebuilding毁坏建筑 destroy/ruinone’shope使希望破灭destructionn.破坏；毁坏7、trackn.轨道；踪迹；痕迹 keeptrackof记录；驾驭……的线索8、shock:n.休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事vt&vi(使)震惊；振动beagreatshock沉重的打击 anelectricshock电击Thebadnewsleftusspeechlessfromshock坏消息使我们震惊得说不出话来。beshockedby/at对……感到震惊 ashockingaccident令人震惊的事故9、rescue:n&vt.援救；营救rescuesb.from…从危急中救出 arescueteam救援队come/gotoone’srescue营救某人 rescuern.营救人员10、trapvt.使陷入逆境n.陷阱；逆境hemud=get/betrappedinthemud被困在泥巴里面trapsb./o(doing)…诱使某人/某物（做）…… setatrap设圈套betrappedin11、digout(dugdug)掘出；发觉digsth.outofsth.把……从……里挖出 digthetruthoutofhim从他那里查出真相12、buryvt.安葬；掩埋；隐藏buryone’sface/headinsth.把脸/头伸到……里去buryoneselfin=beburiedin埋头于；用心于beburiedinthought陷入了深思 burialn.安葬；葬礼13、sheltern.躲避（处）；避身处buildsheltersforsurvivors给生还者建避难所takeshelterfromtherain躲雨v.爱护……；遮挡；使……住宿 sheltermefromblame爱护我免受责难14、judgen.裁判员；法官；vt.断定；推断；判决；认为workasajudge:当法官/裁判 judgesth.from/bysth.由……来推断judgingfrom/bysth.由……来看（作状语）judgesb.tobe…认为某人……AsfarasIcanjudge据我推断 judgethecase审理这个案件judgementn.判决；审判；推断 makeajudgementonsth.对……作出推断15、expressvt.表达；用快递邮寄出 expressoneself表达自己expressthanks/thoughts表达感谢/思想 expresstheletter用快递方式寄出信件expresssth.tosb.=expresstosb.sth.向某人表示/表达某事16、rise(roserisen)vi.上升；增长；站在；起床n.上升；上涨；增升；涨工资riseby20%增长了20%riseto200.增长到200risefromthechair从椅子上站起来Earlytobedandearlytoriseisgoodtoyourhealth早睡早起对身体有好处askforarise要求涨工资 getarise升级；涨工资17、runoutof从……跑出来；用光（不用被动)18、thinklittle/nothingof轻视；忽视；对……满不在乎thinkmuch/highlyof重视；看重；对……高度评价thinkofsb.as…把……看作19、reachv.延长；达成（协议）；得出结论；伸手够到某物；与……取得联系Thewoodsreachesasfarastheriver森林延长至河边reachanagreement达成协议 reachaconclusion得出结论reachhimbytelephone用与他取得联系reachoutforsth伸手去拿 n.够着；达到outofthereachofsb.在某人伸手够不着的地方 withinthereachofsb.在某人伸手够得着的地方 above/beyondthereachofsb.超出某人的实力20、giveoutvt.发出（光；热；气味）；分发；发表；发布（消息）vi.用完；力倦神疲21、Itsounds/looks/feels/seemsasif.听/看/感觉起来/看来似乎22、intheopenair在户外23、offer/sendone’scongratulationstosb.onsth.=congratulatesb.onsth.向某人庆贺某事24、honorvt.赐予（某人）荣誉；使得到敬重/荣誉n.名誉；面子；敬意；引起敬重的人或物honorsb.forsth.=behonoredforsth.因某事而受到敬重/表彰be/feelhonoredtodosth.做某事感到荣幸It’sagreathonorforsb.todosth.做某事对某人来说很荣幸Sheisanhonortothisprofession.她是这一行业的光荣。havethehonortodo/ofdoingsth.有做某事的荣幸dosb.an/thehonorofdoing(sth.)赏光inhonorofsb.=insb’shonor为向……表示敬意；为纪念……25、withoutwarning在没有任何先兆的状况下26、thedisaster-hit/strickenareas受灾地区EarthquakeWellSmellyYardPipeExtremeSurvivorShockRescueDisasterElectricityMineTitleJournalistDamagesincerely重点句子Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Itseemsasiftheworldwasatanend.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allhopewasnotlost.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-fouryearsago.Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!Unit5重点单词和短语1、quality.n.质量；品质；性质beofhighgood/low/poorquality质量高/低amanoffinequalities:一位有很多好品质的男子thequalitiesofwater水的特性qualifyv.使……详细资格（品质）quatity2、meanadj.吝啬的；自私；卑鄙的meansIt’smeanofsb.todosth.做某事真是太自私/卑鄙了bemeantosb.about/oversth.在某方面对某人很吝啬active.adj.主动的；活跃的；主动的 beactivein…在……方面很主动/活跃 takeanactivepartin…主动参与…… lead／liveanactivelife过着主动的生活activevoice主动语态 activityn.活动3、devotevt.(与to连用)献身；用心于devoteoneselftosth./doingsth.献身于……；用心做某事devoteone’slife/time/money/energytosth./doingsth.把本人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……devoted.adj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto…用心致志于；忠于；宠爱adevotedfriend一位忠实的挚友adevotedmother一位贤妻良母4、principlen.法则；原则；原理 inprinciple.原则上；大致上sticktoone’sprinciples恪守自己的原则 ontheprincipleof依据……的原则againstone’sprinciple违反某人的原则5、guidancen.指导；领导guidanceonsth.对某事物的指导 offerguidancetosb.给某人供应指导under/withtheguidanceofsb.=under/withsb’sguidance在某人的指导下6、outofwork=beoutofajob失业 outofcontrol失去限制 outofpatience失去耐性 outofreach够不着 outofdate过时 outofsight看不见 outofmoney钱花光 outofmind心不在焉 outoforder坏了；混乱7、votevt&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决voteon…就……投票votefor/against投票赞成/反对votetodo投票表决帮某事； vote+that从句8、attackvt&vi.攻击；攻击；抨击attacksb.frombehind背后攻击 attackthegovernment’snewpolicyn.发病；攻击；攻击makeanattackon/against…攻击；攻击；抨击 underattack遭到攻击/抨击 airattack空袭aheartattack心脏病突发9、asamatteroffact事实上=in(actual)fact=actually10、blowup;使丧气；炸毁 getthetireblownup给轮胎打气blowuptheballoons给汽球充气 blowupabridge炸毁一座桥blowout吹灭 blowdown刮倒11、equaladj.相等的；同等的； equalpayforequalwork同工同酬beequalto与……相等；等于；能胜任v.等于；比得上n.同等（对等）的人；对于；匹敌者equalsbinsth=beanequaltosbinsth.在某方面与某人匹敌/势力相当equallyadv.12、beintrouble在危急；受罚；苦痛；忧虑等的境况中askfortrouble自寻苦恼 getintotrouble遇到麻烦;出事havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难maketrouble制造麻烦takegreattroubletodosth不辞辛苦做某事13、turnto求助于；致力于；转向；变成；转变到turntosb.forhelp/advice 向某人求助/救turntotheleft向左转turntopage20翻到20页 turntotheEnglishdictionary查英文辞典giveupmedicineandturntowriting放弃医学转向写作14、loseheart丢失志气或信念 loseface丢脸 loseweight减肥loseone’sheartto爱上；宠爱上loseone’sway迷路loseoneselfin迷上loseone’ssight失明loseone’stemper发怒15、excape.vi&vt逃脱；逃走；泄露escapepunishment/beingpunished躲避惩处escapefrom..从……逃跑/脱n.逃跑；逃脱makeone’sescape 逃走haveanarrowescape死里逃命；牵强逃脱16、cometopower当权；上台17、begv.恳求；恳求begsb.todosth.恳求（某人）做某事begsb.forsth.向某人要某东西 Begyourpardon请宽恕；请再说一遍18、rewardn.酬劳；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏rewardsb.withsth.用……答谢