2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Thegreatestdevastationofoldageisthelossofmentalfaculties,andwiththeneardoublingoflifeexpectancyinthepastcenturyhascomethemixedblessingoflivinglongerandlosingmore.Afewgreatthinkersandartistsremainedproductiveintheirlateryears—Galileo,Monet,Shaw,Stravinsky,Tolstoy—buteventheywerenotwhattheyhadbeenintheirprimes.Inscience,theboomfallssoonerstill:“personwhohasnotmadehisgreatcontributiontosciencebeforetheageof30willneverdoso,”saidEinstein.Imagineifwecouldtransplantoldbrainsintoyoungerbodies:wouldourmindsstayyoung,orwouldwebesenileteenagers,scalingmountainsandskateboardingat120,butforgettingwhereweputthecarkeys?Isthebrainuniquelyvulnerabletotheravagesoftime?Cananythingbedone?Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage.Thesebenefitsapplytoallsortsofcognitivelosses,includingthoseassociatedwithAlzheimer’s.Someresearchersbelievethatmentalapplicationinearlylifeproducescomplexneuralconnectionsthatprovideareservelateronothersarguethateducationmerelygivespeoplethemeanstocopewithandcompensatefortheirlosses.K.WarnerSchaie,aprofessorofhumandevelopmentandpsychologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,hasstudiedage-relatedchangeinmorethan5,000people,someformorethan40years.Comparingearlierwithlaterrecruits,Mr.Schaieconcludesthattherateofmentaldeclineisslowing，achangeheattributestobettereducation,healthierdiet,lessenedexposuretoseriousdisease,andmorementalactivity.“You’vegottopractice,”Mr.Schaiesays,“Ifyoudon’tsolveproblems,younolongercansolveproblems.”Retirementcanbeparticularlyhard,headds,becauseformanypeople,workistheirmostchallengingactivity.“Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho,vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.Butit’sdisadvantageousforpeopleinhigh-leveljobs,whoarelesslikelytofindsomethingasstimulatingasthejobtheyhad.”K.AndersEricsson,apsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,confirmsMr.Schaie’semphasisonthevirtueofpractice.Initiallyinterestedinexpertperformerslikemusicians,hefoundthatmanyostensiblegeniusesaren’treallysodifferentfromeveryoneelse—theyjustpracticeharderandlonger,benefitingfromsheerlabor,ratherthanfromsomespecialgift.Professionalmusicianswhocontinuetopracticeassiduouslyastheyagecontinuetoplaywell,whileamateurswhojustplayforpleasureshowage-relateddeclines.Mr.Ericsson’sstudiesfailedtoshowsignificantgeneralizedbenefitsfrommentalexercise.“Ifyouplaytennis,youimproveyourgeneralfitness,butthegreatestimprovementisspecifictotennis,nottoothersports.It’sthesamewithcognitiveexercise.Youhavetolookatyourlifeandpickwhatyouwanttoimprove.”1.Accordingtothetext,mostgreatthinkersandartists（

）2.Thethirdpassagetellsusthathigherlevelsofeducation（

）.3.Inthistexttheauthor’smainintentisto（

）.4.Retirementcanbegoodforpeoplewho（

）.5.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatmentalexercise（

）.问题1选项A.wereproductiveevenintheirlateryearsB.weremostsuccessfulbeforetheageof30C.madecontributionsregardlessofageD.contributedthemostbeforeoldage问题2选项A.canhelppreventAlzheimer’sB.arerelatedtogreatermentalawarenessinyouthC.arerelatedtolowerlevelsofmentaldeclineinoldageD.areonlyofmanyfactorsthatcanslowtherateofmentaldecline问题3选项A.underscorethedifficultiesrelatedtoagingB.critiquedifferenttheoriesofmentaldeclineinoldageC.arguethatoldageneednotbeabarriertogreataccomplishmentsD.understandhowpeoplecancountertheimpactsofagingonmentalfaculties问题4选项A.havealwayshadverybusyworklivesB.canfindmorestimulatingactivitiesthantheyhadthroughworkC.havehadhigh-leveljobsorverystimulatingworkexperiencesD.havepreviouslyhadunsatisfyingworkexperiences问题5选项A.offersbenefitsspecifictothatkindofexerciseB.shouldbepairedwithphysicalexerciseformaximumbenefitC.iscomparabletophysicalactivitiesintermsofitsimportancetooverallhealthD.cancounterage-relatedmentaldecline2.单选题Researchcanhavenoeconomicimpactifthenewscientificdiscoveriesarenot（

）intomarketablegoodandservice.问题1选项A.launchedB.translatedC.dissectedD.conveyed3.单选题Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（

）.2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（

）.3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（

）.4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（

）.5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（

）.问题1选项A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuitB.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensationC.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderatepositionD.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds问题2选项A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafetyB.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafetyC.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthemD.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts问题3选项A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofitB.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducersC.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodifiedD.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof问题4选项A.biasedB.puzzlingC.objectiveD.indifferent问题5选项A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsiderationB.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystemC.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws4.单选题It’sapitythatweshouldstayathomewhenwehave（

）weather.问题1选项A.sofineB.suchfineC.suchafineD.sofinea5.单选题Theagencyismore（

）withmakingartyadsthanunderstandingitsclients.问题1选项A.worriedB.caredC.attentiveD.concerned6.单选题In1915EinsteinmadeatriptoGottingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager——tooeager,itwouldturn（1）toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly.“Iwasableto（2）Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”（3）allofEinstein’spersonalturmoilatthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto（4）.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould（5）hisnewconceptofgravity,（6）thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove（7）spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he（8）themathematicalapproachhehadbeen（9）foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa（10）pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis（11）thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlecturesandwasracingtocomeup（12）thecorrectequationsfirst.Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist,Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein（13）himselfintoamonth-long-franticendeavorin（14）hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe（15）togivealecturetoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour（16）Thursdays.HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,（17）headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationonit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom（18）revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandangowithhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried（19）beingscooped,hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam（20）toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution”.Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.问题1选项A.upB.overC.outD.off问题2选项A.convinceB.counselC.persuadeD.preach问题3选项A.AboveB.AroundC.AmidD.Along问题4选项A.emitB.emergeC.submitD.submerge问题5选项A.imitateB.igniteC.describeD.ascribe问题6选项A.onesB.thoseC.allD.none问题7选项A.intoB.beyondC.amongD.through问题8选项A.resolvedB.realizedC.acceptedD.assured问题9选项A.pursuingB.protectingC.contestingD.contending问题10选项A.complexB.compatibleC.comparativeD.competitive问题11选项A.humorB.horrorC.excitementD.extinction问题12选项A.toB.forC.withD.against问题13选项A.threwB.thrustC.huddledD.hopped问题14选项A.howB.thatC.whatD.which问题15选项A.dashedB.dartedC.rushedD.reeled问题16选项A.successiveB.progressiveC.extensiveD.repetitive问题17选项A.soB.sinceC.thoughD.because问题18选项A.casuallyB.coarselyC.violentlyD.furiously问题19选项A.afterB.aboutC.onD.in问题20选项A.curiousB.consciousC.ambitiousD.ambiguous7.单选题Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly8.单选题

Doctorsareoftenundersharpcriticismnowadaysforpeoplebelievetheyalways（

）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise9.单选题KnowingthathehadbeenadmittedtoCambridgeUniversity,hewastooexcitedtobe（

）onthephone.问题1选项A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent10.单选题（

）foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.问题1选项A.ItisrarelyB.RarelyC.TherarelyD.Despiteitsbeingrarely11.单选题Ifhockeyplayersaretoo（

）,theyarepenalized.问题1选项A.clumsyB.aggressiveC.briskD.flexible12.单选题Thereistoogreata（

）ofalcoholinBritain.问题1选项A.consumptionB.destructionC.absenceD.transmission13.单选题Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms（

）withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate14.单选题Hewasfiredbecausehewas（

）lateforwork.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.consistentlyC.presentlyD.weekly15.单选题（

）troublesometheproblemis,hefacesitwithpatience.问题1选项A.HoweverB.NomatterC.DespiteD.Although16.单选题Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（

）beforetheWestwassettled.问题1选项A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was17.单选题TheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Nowtwitter,instantmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication—butnonecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payingtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething.Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsorwhatwascertainlyastormytime.Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.WhentheleadersmetinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocommitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocusontopicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople’shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspeechestopreparethetroopsforbattle.Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformationmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingway.WhentheH1N1pandemicwasannounced,theideaof“swineflu”scaredmanypeople.InformativespeechesfromWordsHealthOrganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicunder controlsotheycouldtakesensibleprecautions.Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedoneandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna’sspeechaboutMichaelJackson,afterhisdeath,heightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusic.It’snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesurprisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou’retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyourargument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士气的讲话）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationatcollegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance.Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeaskedtointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyoulanguagewillbeneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe’rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtoperfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolearnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.1.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?3.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT（

）.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor’sviewon“greatspeakingability”？5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?问题1选项A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusinessC.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunicationD.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext问题2选项A.SpeechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblemsB.SpeechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemicsC.Themoraleofsoldiersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers’speechesD.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.问题3选项A.toconvincepeopleinadebateB.informpeopleatapresentationC.toadvisepeopleatworkD.toentertainpeopleatawedding问题4选项A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.B.ItcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffortC.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.问题5选项A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.TheymanyusesofpublicspeakingC.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking18.单选题（）,heremainsverymodest.问题1选项A.ThoughhiscontributionsB.HemadegreatcontributionsC.ForallhisgreatcontributionsD.Howeverhisgreatcontributions19.单选题Smellisthemostdirectofallthesenses.Itisthoughttobetheoldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmellishard-wiredintothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,whichmanagestheperceptionofsmells,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.Theolfactorynerveprovidesadirectlinkfromreceptorsatthetopofthenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Theolfactorysystemdetectscertainairbornechemicalsthatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicalinformationtothelimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostrilisyellow,moist,andfulloffattysubstances.Theshadeofyellowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmell:thedeepertheshade,thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.Animalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmell,sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyellowtoreddishbrown,whilethoseofhumansarelightyellow.Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactoryreceptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasalcavity.Olfactoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciliathatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odormoleculesdiffuseintothisregionandareabsorbedbytheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcells.Whatthismeansisthatwhenweholdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasalcavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemillionolfactoryreceptorcells.Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsestothebrain’solfactorybulb,orsmellcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformationabouttheroseentersthebrain’slimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.Thelimbicsystemofthebrainintegratesmemory,emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelatednervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionalcenterofemotionssuchasanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.Thecomponentsofthelimbicsystemarelinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvolvedincomplexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakesdecisionsabouttheemotionalcontentoftheseuniquehumanqualitiesafter“consulting”thelimbicsystemandtheotherbraincentersinprocessingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriestomodifybehavior.Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenweinhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain’slimbiccentercomparetheodorenteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memoriesassociatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asmellcanbeoverwhelminglynostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxyfragranceofcrayonscaninstantlytransportustooursecond-gradeclassroom,orthescentoffreshlymowngrasscanflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.Whatweseeandhearmayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmellissentdirectlytolong-termmemory.Smellscanincreasealertnessandstimulatelearningandretention.Inonestudy,childrenmemorizedawordlist,whichwaspresentedbothwithandwithoutaccompanyingscents.Thechildrenrecalledwordsonthelistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhenthelistwasgivenwithscentsthanwithout,showingthelinkbetweensmellandtheabilitytoretaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarioussmellscanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthescentoflavendercouldwakeupthemetabolismandmakepeoplemorealert.Theyalsofoundthatthesmellofspicedapplescouldreducebloodpressureandavertapanicattackinpeopleunderstress.1.Whydoestheauthorusetheterm“hard-wired”indescribingthesenseofsmellandthebrain?2.Ofwhatsignificanceisthecoloroftheolfactoryregionattheupperendofeachnostril?3.Whathappenswhentheciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcellsabsorbodormolecules?4.Whydoestheauthormention“crayons”and“freshlymowngrass”inParagraph5?5.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph6aboutlearning?问题1选项A.TodescribethetextureandfeeloftheolfactorynerveB.ToemphasizethecloseconnectionbetweensmellandthebrainC.TocomparethepowerofsmellwiththatofothersensesD.Toexplainhowthesenseofsmellevolvesinearlyhumans问题2选项A.Thecolorchangeswithdifferentairbornechemicals.B.Thesignificanceofthecolorislittleunderstood.C.Thecolorbecomesdarkerwhenanodorispresent.D.Thecolorshowsthestrengthoftheabilitytosmell.问题3选项A.Thetinyhairsinsidethenosebecomedarkerincolor.B.Thenervoussystemactivatesthedigestivesystem.C.Theolfactorynervesendsimpulsestothebrain.D.Somereceptorcellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.问题4选项A.TogiveexamplesofsmellsthatcantriggermemoriesandemotionsB.TocomparetypicalresponsestotwocommonsmellsC.Toexplainwhysmellsarelikelytoaffectperson’sbehaviorD.Toidentifysmellsthatcanincreasealertnessandworkefficiency问题5选项A.Learningcannottakeplaceunlessallofthesensesarestimulated.B.Scentscanstrengthentheabilitytoholdnewinformationinthememory.C.Itiseasiertorecallpreviouslearningthanitistoretainnewinformation.D.Childrenwillnotlearnmuchiftheyaredistractedbyoffensiveodors.20.单选题Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.问题1选项A.mastersB.mumblesC.molestsD.muzzles21.单选题Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually（

）andturnintosoil.问题1选项A.contractB.decayC.fadeD.wither22.单选题Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout—oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthatisacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesnotexplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycannotabsorbanarmyofuntrained18-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrained22-year-olds,either.Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesnotmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeopleareonlytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy（异端邪说）tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatiflittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.1.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat（

）2.IntheLine2,the2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（

）

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（

）4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（

）5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（

）.问题1选项A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducationB.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducationC.allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollegeD.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege问题2选项A.high-schoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducationB.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxisC.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducationD.Highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege问题3选项A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollegeB.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmyC.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducationD.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool问题4选项A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduatesB.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducationC.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownlivingD.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout问题5选项A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduatesB.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessfulC.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeopleD.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege23.单选题Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhe