英语人教版新目标八年级下册知识unit

【词析】音析：字母组合ei读［ａＩ］或［］,th读［］,er读［形析：形近词either(两者中的每一方的)义析：notoneortheother;notIknowneitherofneither可用作形容词、代词、副词和连词等,其用法为:NeitheranswerisNeitherofthemisgoodatmaths.用作副词。neither通常用在句子的开头,表示“也不”,其后多用倒装语序。例如:Ifhewon’tgo,neithershallI.NeithertheteachersnorthestudentsaregoingtoHuashan.老师和都不打算去华山haveagreattime形析：have(有)+agreattime(愉快的时光义析：haveWehadagreattimeintheparty【拓展】同义词组:haveagood/wonderful/nicetime,enjoyoneself,yhappily,havefun【词析】音析：两个字母a分别发［］和［］,字母组合tion发［］音。义析 ce,thing,oreventthatisintendedtoThenewideahaslittleattractionto这个新想法对他没有多大attractvt.吸引;招引例如Shewasattractedbythenovel她被这新颖的吸引住了takearide形析：take(乘)+a(一个)+ride(骑)【典句】Heoftentakesaridewhenhe 【辨析】take,onWewilltakeataxithere.乘出租车去那儿onprep.“骑,乘”。表示状态,作表语、状语等;常见短语:onthebike骑自行车,onthebus乘公byprep.“骑,乘”。后接交通工具,不加冠词,表示方式,作状语。例如:Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.【词析】音析：字母组合ou读作［，词尾的e不发音。义析：aroadorwayfortravelfromonecetoanotherWecamebyalongerroutethanroutecourse二者的含义都与“路”route意为“路线、小路、小巷”,使用范围也较小。course表示船的“航道”或飞机的“航线”。endup形析：end(结束)+up(尽了)Thepartyendedupat12:00last12:eatup吃光useupburnup烧掉,烧毁cut 把……切成小块,切【词析】音析：字母组合cial读作［义析：toanextentor【典句】IloveItaly,especiallyinespeciallyespecially意为“特别;尤其”,强调个别超过其他部分,它后面所提到的东西必须是前面叙述Ilovethecountry,especiallyinCookingisagreatburdentome,especiallywhenwehavespecially意为“特别地;专门地”,指为一特别的目的而专门做的,强调目的,一般用在表示目的for短语前。例如:ThesebooksarespeciallywrittenforImadethisspeciallyforyour【词析】音析：前缀dis发［ｄＩｓ］音,o发［］,重音落在原词根的重读音节上。义析：tobethefirsttofindorColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492dis-,im-,un-。例如【词析】音析：o发［，字母组合gn在词尾发音［n］,重音在第一个音节。形析：形近词reign()义析：notHecanspeakthreeforeignforeigner意为“外国人”音析：闭音节词,i发[I]音。形析：形近词fill(充满)义析：a【典句】Haveyouseenanygood la最近你看过什么好吗形析：south(南)+east(东)义析：southern(南方的)【典句】Shenzhenisinthesoutheastof:southwest西南,northeast东北,northwest【词析】音析：o读［］,字母组合er读［形析：wonder(v.对……感到惊讶)+-ful(形容词后缀)【典句】Thisisawonderfulcefor -ful的形容词help→helpful有帮助的 use→useful有用的care→careful仔细的 success→successful成功的takeaholiday休假;度假形析：take(拿)+a(一个)+holiday(假)义析：spendholidayWetookaholidayinGuilinlasttake构成的常见短语takeapicture/phototakeaway拿走takeabustakeawalk散步takeaboattakecareof照顾takeofftaketurnstakearesttakemedicine【词析】音析：字母o,u,a分别读作［］,［ju］和［eＩ］,tion读作［义析：allofthepeopleinhabitingaspecifiedareaWhatisthepopulationofthis1)population是不可数名词,意为“人口,人数”,what。如:What’sthepopulationofthecity?2)populationbig(large),small,many/much。如:Theworld’spopulationistoobig(large)now.(r)形析：duck(鸭子)Somesmallchildrenareafraidofthe【拓展】dark还作形容词,意为“的,深色的”。反义词:light“浅的;淡的”。例如:It’stoodarkforyoutoread.allyearround一年到头;形析：all(全)+year(年)+round(大概的Theweatherissogoodherethatwecanswimallyear音析：开音节词,首字母a发［］,a发本音［eＩ义析：benotasleep【典句】Isthebabystillwake为动词,其常见短语有:wakeup意为“唤醒,醒来”,注意宾语是代词常放在中间。Pleasedon’twakeme请我叫醒Me

SectionMeneither.表示说话者的情况与上述否定句中所述的内容一样,是省略句型,常Neither/NorhaveI。例如:—Idon’tsmoke.,Metoo.—Ilikeeatingbananas.—Metoo.Tinawenttothespacemuseumlast:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,amomentago,justnow,inMay,in2000,lastnight(week,month)等。MostofushaveprobablyheardofMickeyMouse,DonaldDuck,andmanyotherfamousDisneycharacters.heardhear1)hear,hearofhear①hear动词,有“听见(强调结果)”和“听说(后可跟从句)”之意。例如:Ilistenedbutcouldhearnothing.Weheardthathewas②hearof听说,听到”,后跟名词或代词。例如Shehasneverheardofthe①another多指三个或三个以上的人或事物同类中的另一个,常和单数名词连用。例如:Thispenisbroken,pleasegetmeanotherone.②other后面既可接单数名词,也可接复数名词,接单数名词时,前面必须加上定冠词the,通常用于侧重于两者中的另一个。“one...,theother...”句型表示“一个……另一个……”。other作Hehastwobrothers.Oneissix,andtheotheris6岁,8Themovietheaterliesontheothersideofthe③others只能作代词,不能作定语,指不定的“其他的人或物”,且这里的人或物都应是复数。例Shewantstoknowwhatothersthinkof她他想要知道别人是怎么看注意:otherssome对比使用时,表示剩余中的一部分,意为“有些”。例如:Someiscarryingwater,othersisntingtrees.④theothers是指“(在一个范围内的)剩余的全部”,意为“其余的”。例如:Theseareyours,theothersareallmine.Ithasallthenormalattractionsthatyoucanfindatanamusementpark,butitalsohasabut连接的并列句。前一个分句是一句包含定语从句的主从复合句。itDisneyland,Ithasallthenormalattractions指“它拥有所有的那些吸引人的东西”,that引导的定语从句,attractions,指这些“吸引人的东西”是“所有的游乐园里能看到的”but连接,表明迪斯尼与其他游乐场的不同之处就在于它有一ThismeansthatyoucanfindDisneycharactersallovertherollerForexample...withDisneycharacters.This就是指means“意思是”that引导。AndyoucanseeDisneycharacterswalkingaroundDisneylandallthe是一个动词seesb.ngsth.“看见正在做某事”【拓展延伸】动词see还有一个常见用法,即seesb.dosth.“看见做过某事”。例如:Isawhimpassbytheshop.SectionIt’sfuntolearnanother“Itis+名词+todosth.”,it为形式主语,代替后面真正的主语(动Toreadistostudy.读书是学习。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。如果作主语的不定式较长,为了平衡句子结构,it作形式主语,而将真正的主语——it代替不定式作形式主语的常见句型有以下四种:①Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.“做某事花去了多少时间”;Itcostssb.somemoneytodoIttookmetwohourstomendtheItwilltakeyou$150toflytoNew飞往纽花费你150②Itbe+adj./ntodosth.例如It’simportanttodowhatthe lsIt’snoteasytoworkouttheprobleminhalfanIt’sagreatpleasuretotalkwith③Itbe+adj.+forsb.todosth.这一句型中的形容词是表示客观情况的It’shardformetocarrytheheavyIt’snecessaryforyoutobuyanew④Itbe+adj.+ofsb.todosth.这一句型中的形容词往往是表示人的特征、状态、性格的foolish,silly,clever,wise,kind,lazy,nice,polite,impolite,careful,careless,honest,brave,proud等。例It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmy你帮我真是太好了It’sverycleverofhertogothereintheWhenIwasayounggirl,allIeverwantedtodowastraveling,andIdecidedthatthebestwaytodothiswasto eaflightattendant.当我还是一个小的时候,做的所有事情就是旅游,而且我觉得外出旅游的最好的WhenIwasayounggirl,表明这是我从小的梦想。主句all...,andI...aflightattendantand连接的并列句。前一个分句是“主系表”结构,allIeverwantedtodo中,Ieverwantedtodoall的定语,意为“做的所有事情”。后一个分句中,decided后跟一个宾语从句thebestway...aflight构,thebestwaytodothistodothisway的定语,意为“做这件事的最好方法”。I’vebeenafightattendantfortwoyearsfor+一段时间表示句中动作从过去已经开始,for+since+时间点的词组或句子,都可表示动作或状态持续多长时间,howlong“多长时间”。IdiscoveredthatthemostimportantrequirementwastospeakEnglishwell,soIstudiedEnglishattheHilltopLanguageSchoolforfiveyearsbeforeIbecameaflightattendant.我发现最重要的要求是说好英语,aflightattendant,说明“我在山顶学校学了五年英语”这件事发生在“我成为空姐之前”。ItwasbecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatIgotthe【巧解句构】“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”是一个强调句型,被强调部分为原因状语。如果不用强调句型,BecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatIgotthejob.ItwasyouthatIthoughtofalltheItwasonMondaynightthatallthisMaybewhenIleaveschoolI’llthinkabout inganEnglishteacherratherthanatour ing1)maybe意为“或许,大概”,perhaps,2)leaveschool意为“毕业”thinkabout,thinkofthinkIamthinkingaboutwhatIshouldthinkof意为“考虑,记起,想起”,表示“考虑”thinkabout,表示“记起,想起”时相当于I’mthinkingofbuyingadollformyIcouldn’tthinkofhernameatthemomentwhenIsawherintheYoumustthinkovertheproblemtoseewhocanworkitoutHaveyoueverbeento youwon’thaveanyproblemfindingrice,noodles,or【要点剖析】haveproblem(in) ng意为“在做某事方面有一些”。例如:Youhavelittleproblemfindingwheretheyare.Shehasnoproblemin)learningEnglish.她没有。Whetheryoulike nfood,Westernfood,orJapanesefood,you’llfinditallinSingaporeifyoulook!不管你是喜欢食品、西方食品,还是食品,如果你看的话,在新加坡你都会找到它们【巧解句构】该句是包含条件状语从句的主从复合句。主句you’llfinditallin ifyoulook“如果你看的话,在新加坡你都会找到它们”,其中又包含着一个条件状语从句ifyoulook。条件状语从句由whether引导,意为“无论”。whether...or...意为“不管……还是……;无Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain,hewillbehereontime.Whetheritwillbefineornot,Imustgo.Butifyou’veeverbeentoazooduringthedaytime,youmightunderstandwhythiszooissoyoumightunderstand.“明白……”whythiszooissospecial,意为“为什么这个动物园如此特别”。if引导,意为“如果白天你曾去过动物园……”,duringthedaytime是时间OnegreatthingaboutSingaporeisthatthetemperatureisalmostthesameallyear【巧解句构】该句是包含表语从句的主从复合句。主语Onegreatthing 中aboutSingapore是定语,修饰thing。表语从句 thattemperatureisalmostthesameallyearround也是个“主系表”结构的句子,意为“温度几乎全年相同”。肯定 疑问 否定Ihave HaveI IhavenotIhaven’tHe/She/Ithas Hashe/she/it He/She/IthasnotHe/She/Ithasn’tWehave Havewe WehavenotWehaven’tYouhave Haveyou YouhavenotTheyhave Havethey TheyhavenotTheyhaven’t中常出现already,just,yet等副词。例如:SomeonehasbrokentheI’vejustfinishedreadingtheHaveyouseenthedoctoryet?注意:alreadyyet用法上的区别already常用于肯定句,置于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末。例如:It’sonly11o’clockandtheyhavealreadyhadlunch.Johnhasn’tfinishedthatreportyetbutIaskedhimforitthreedays现在完成时也可表示从过去某时开始的动作,状态一直持续到现在,for,since引导IhavelearnedEnglishfor55HelivedinBeijingsincehewas他从刚出生就住在注意:①forsince引导的时间状语的区别:for+一段时间,since+一点时间(从句中常用一②表示继续的现在完成时也可和lay,recently,sofar,uptonow,tillnow,inthepast(last)fewyears...,thisweek(month,year...),allday,allthisweek等时间状语连用。例如:Ihaven’theardfromhimrecently.Tomhashadatoothacheallday.,常和I’veneverbeentoBeijing.HehasreadthisbookTalkingaboutpastexperiences过某事,Haveyou(ever)...?Hasshe/he(ever)...?—Have—Haveyoueverseenadolphin?你（们）—HaveyouevertoChongqing?你（们）—Has—Hassheworkedinthefactory?—HasTomgoneout?出去了吗如果想要进一步了解对方或他人已持续某种动作或状态“多长时间”时,Howlonghaveyou/hasshe/he...?提问,并用一段时间作答。Howlonghave/has—HowlonghaveyoubeeninAmerica?你在待了多长时间—Howlonghavehehadthebike?说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表,文体有、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下第一步:审题,确定句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称;为题,根据下面列举的本单元的重点词汇和常用句型,展开合理的想象,80词左右的短【常用句型】1.HaveyoueverbeenIthasapopulationYouwillhaveagreattimeIlovemyhometown—HaveyoueverbeentoWeifang?ItisinthemiddleofShProvince.Ithasapopulationof8500000.Peoplehereenjoyfourseasons:warmspring,hotsummer,coolautumnandcoldWeifanghasmanyattractions,especiallyWeifangInternationalKiteFestival,Yangjiabu’sNewYearpaintings.Everyyearalotofforeignvisitorscomehere.TheenvironmentofWeifangisverybeautiful,too.YouwillhaveagreattimeifyoucometoIlove eto例1(2010模拟)—Ihaven’tbeentotheaquariumbefore.Howabout—Me 型Meneither.。表示说话者的情况与上述肯定句中所述的内容一样,常用省略句型Metoo.答案误区警示本题误区就是看能否正确区别口语的Metoo.和Meneither.深化升华要解对此类试题,必须认真积累较口语化的交际用语,因为汉语与英语习惯有2(2010浙江杭州模拟Doyouenjoyyourstayingin wonderful wonderful的首字母发辅音/w/,不能用an。haveawonderfultime意为“玩得答案深化升华只要记准固定短语,知道辅音前用an;元音前用a,便很容易做对此类试题。例3(2010重庆模拟)I toCanadatwice.It’ssobeautiful.A.won’t B.have C.don’t D.have 从第一句中的twice可以判断,这句话意为“我去过两次”。用现在完成时,表达“去过某地”应用havebeento。答案本题的误区为:havebeentohavegoneto。深化升华只要认真记清各种时态的标志词,便可判断好时态。分清现在完成时中的“去过某地”havebeento,“去了某地”havegoneto。例4(2010重庆模拟)Ihavetwoboxes.Oneis is D.the 前提是两者,说明“一个……另一个……”用固定句型one...,theother...。误区警示如果不能正确运用another,(the)others,(the)other就很可能误选深化升华对这些不但形近而且义近的词,只要认真对照着它们之间的不同之处,应例5(2010浙江衢州模拟)—Haveyouever —Ofcourse,averyfamouswriter,andheoncestudiedin C.heard D.heard hearof意为“听说”,hear意为“听到”，hearfrom意为“收到……的来信”,根据答案误区警示此题误区就是看能否正确区分选项A,C,D意义的不同。6阅读理解DearI’vebeeninEnglandfortwomonthsnow.Ihopeyoudon’tthinkIhaveforgottenyou.TherehavebeensomanycestoseeandsomanythingstodothatI’venothadmuchtimegotIwillsoonbestartingmystudiesatKing’sCollege.SofarI’vebeenlearning