2023学年完整公开课版Unit5Firstaid-Grammar

GrammarEllipsis省略Grammar为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。运用修辞手段的目的之一就是节约用词、避免重复。一般来说，只要不会损害结构或引起歧义，能省略的地方就应省略，省略的结果不但使句子显得紧凑，而且句子中几个关键词的意义也被突出出来了。Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns…Theseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.观察下列的句子degreeburnslayeroftheskin常省略的成分1.省略主语(It)doesn’tmatter.(It)soundslikeagoodidea.省略主语2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。What(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?省略主语和谓语一部分3、省略表语–Areyouthirsty?–Yes,IamHisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister省略表语(thirsty).(lazy).4、同时省略多种成分Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.同时省略主语、谓语(wemet)–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.同时省略与上文重复的主、谓、宾语5、省略系动词MaLinisabus­driver，hiswifeaconductor.Hisfaceistannedandhishandsbigandstrong.省略系动词isare简单句中的省略1.在对话中--Howisyourmothertoday?--(Sheis)muchbetter.2.在祈使句中(You)openthedoor,please.3.在感叹句中Whata(good)boy(heis)!How(hard)theyareworking!4.表示讲话人的意见和看法(It)soundsfinetome.(It’sa)pityyoucouldn’tcome.5.提问(Isthere)anythingwrong?(Haveyou)foundthebike?6.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,

教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物Athermother’s(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.并列句中的省略Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.省略相同的谓语动词1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略

与前一分句中相同的部分。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(is)省略相同的谓语动词复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略,多见句首，

多用于口语中。

Sorrytohearyouareill.Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)有时省略从句中与主句相同的部分--ShallIgotoplay?--Ifyoulike,.(youcangotoplay)有时主句与从句各有一些成分被省略Thesooner,thebetter.(youdoit)(itwillbe)Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).(youpassme)－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?

－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.－Tommustbefreetoday.－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.有时宾语从句被省略、而用so或not来代替－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?

－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?3.定语从句中的省略在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句

中作宾语时可省略。Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.4.状语从句中的省略在以when,while,once引导的时间状语从

句及以if,unless引导的条件状语从句中和

though,although引导的让步状语从句中，

如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同

一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句

中可省去“主语+be”部分。Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewasIffree,Jackwillgowithus.

heisUnlessinvited,hewon’tcome.Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisWhiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfahour,shebecomequieter(thanshehadbeen.)(ifIhadwantedto)(thanshehadbeen.)不定式中的省略动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have,havebeen时，要保留这些词。

–Areyougoingthere?–

Yes,I’dliketo.Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.–Areyouanengineer?–

No,butIwantto.–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.–Well,heoughtto.(gothere).(givemethechance).behave使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.这类动词一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee并列的不定式可省去后面的to.

Itoldhimtositdown

and

waitforamoment.help的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.

Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.

主语中有动词do时表语的不定式to可带可不带。

Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.虚拟中的省略在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,should时,常可以省略if而将were,had,should置于句首。WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.WereHadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.HadShouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?ShouldIfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建议”等意义的从句中使用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)英语中常见句式的省略有：1.答语中“Itis…(that…)”强调句

中that至句末为避免重复省略。2.(Itis)Nowonder…(难怪…)3.Spendtime(in)doingsth4.(You’d)Betterdo5.havesomedifficulty(in)doing,6.prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth省略在英语中广泛应用，

做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。快乐体验(

You)openthedoor.Please!---WouldyouliketowatchNBA?---(It)soundslikeagoodidea.—Isheateacher?—Yes,heis(ateacher).Hissisterisn’tlazy,norishisbrother(lazy).

－WillLiuxiangwinthefirstprizeinthe2008OlympicGames?－Sorry,Idon’tknow(whetherhewillwinthefirstprizeinthe2008OlympicGamesornot).---Doyouthinkitwillrain?---Ithinknot.

(Idon’tthinkitwillrain)---Doyouthinkitwillrain?---Ithinkso.(thatitwillrain)–AreyougoingtoTibet?--Yes,I’dliketo(gothere).---Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?---No.Ishouldhave

(beentotheseaside),

butIwasbusythen.---Isheapainter?---Yes,heis(apainter).---Areyouapainter?---No,butIwanttobe(apainter).(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Comein)Thisway,please.(I’m)Sorrytohearyouareill.(Willyou)Haveasmoke/acupoftea?Whatawonderfultime(wehad)!While(youare)crossingtheroad,youmustbecareful.If(itis)heated,thewaterbecomessteam.小试身手(全国卷)Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。2.(上海卷)Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。3.(NMET)---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?---Notatall.________.(1995NMET)A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。4.(江苏卷)---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso替代词so/not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等及I’mafraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so搭配，否定时hope与guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式，而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种否定形式，即：Ithinknot或Idon’tthinkso.5.(上海卷)_____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will在书面语中,当条件从句有were,had,should时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句式。在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should+V，should可以省略。高考链接1（2011全国II）Itwasanicemeal,_______alittleexpensive.A.thoughB.whetherC.asD.since高考链接句意：那顿饭真美味，尽管有点贵。though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句该句使用了省略形式，补全后为“thoughitwasalittleex-pensive”。注意as也可以表示“尽管”，但as作“尽管”讲时，必须使用倒装结构。2（2011全国）---WecouldinviteJohnandBarbaratotheFridaynightparty.---Yes,_____?I’llgivethemacallrightnow.A.whynotB.WhatforC.whyD.what高考链接Whynot?“为什么不？”表示同意。是一种省略结构，这次相当于WhynotinviteJohnandBarbaratoFridaynightparty?3（2011新课标）—Artisticpeoplecanbeverydifficultsometimes.—Well,youmarriedone.__________.A.YounameitB.I’vegotitC.Ican’tagreemoreD.Youshouldknow高考链接Youshouldknow后面省略了与上文重复的内容。句意为“艺家有时候是很困难的。——恩，你嫁了一位艺术家，你应该知道的。4

【2011重庆】—DoyouhaveMary’sphonenumber?—Sorry,_____.A.Idon’tknowB.forgetitC.hereyouareD.Ican’tremember高考链接此题容易误选A。但是注意语境，“你有Mary的电话号码吗？”“对不起，我忘了。”肯定不可能是“我不知道我有没有Mary的电话号码”，而选A正是这个意思，故排除。remember后面省略了重复宾语。练一练1.—Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?—IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2.---Wheredidyouseehimlastnight?---Itwasinthehotel____hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./3.----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do4.----I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?----Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbegladto5.-----Haveyoufedthecat?------No,but______.A.I’mB.IamC.I’mjustgoingD.I’mjustgoingto6.________besenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould7.——Islippedonthestairs.Ithinkmyarmisbroken.”——“Oh!I_______.”A.donothopeto B.donothopeC.hopenotsoD.hopenot8.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim__.A.notto B.nottodo C.notdoitD.donotdo9.——“Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.”——“_______.”A