中考复习-阅读理解

*中考复习-一阅读理解

A考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力

•此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是:

1）Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

2）Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?

3）Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat.

4）Thepassagetellsusthat.

5）Thispassagemainlytalksabout.

解体秘诀：抓主题句

1、主题句是用来表达文章或段落的中心思想的，通常在文章第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句

等处出现，阅读时要特别注意。

2、进行整体阅读，抓文章逻辑结构。文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分，而在中考

阅读中以“总一分一总”结构类型题居多。所以重读文章首、尾两段以及每段首句，对把握文章结

构和主旨理解有很大帮助。

如何获取段落的主旨和大意？

在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：

（1）主题句在段首或篇首。

主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。•般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方

法。例如：2008年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：

Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustlive

inagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesoneliving

thingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinorderto

live,andtogethertheyformafoodchain（食物链）。Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthe

linksdisappears.

在这篇短文之后有一道考杳主题的阅读理解题：

59.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AnimalsB.PlantsC.FoodChainsD.LivingThings

第•句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物，

后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生

长。有时利生物杀死另•种生物，一种生物吃另种生物，而另，种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实

之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一

个句子展开的。（C）

（2）主题句在段末或篇末。

用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的

主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如2007年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段：

Ifyoubuysomewell-madeclothes,youcansavemoneybecausetheycanlastlonger.Theylookgood

evenaftertheyhavebeenwashedmanytimes.Sometimessomeclothescostmoremoney,butitdoes

notmeanthattheyarealwaysbettermade,ortheyalwaysfitbetter.Inotherwords,someless

expensiveclotheslookandfitbetterthanmoreexpensiveclothes.

这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一

些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。

最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子

就是主题句。

（3）无主题句

首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题

的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。

请看2007年江西省中考试题阅读理解A:

KillerbeesstartedinBrazil1957.AscientistinSaoPaulowantedbeestomake

morehoney（蜂蜜）.Soheputforty-sixAfricanbeeswithsomeBrazilianbees.Thebeesbred（繁殖）and

madeanewkindofbees.Butthenewbeeswereamistake.Theydidn'twanttomakemorehoney.

Theywantedtoattack.Then,byaccident,twenty-sixAfricanbeesescapedandbredwiththeBrazilian

beesoutside.

Scientistscouldnotcontrol（控制）theproblem.Thebeesincreasedfast.TheywentfromBrazilto

Venezuela.ThentheywenttoCentralAmerica.NowtheyareinNorthAmerica.Theytravelabout390

milesayear.Eachgroupofbeesgrowsfourtimesayear.Thismeansonemillionnewgroupseveryfive

years.

Whyarepeopleafraidofkillerbees?Peopleareafraidfortworeasons.First,thebeessting（叮）many

moretimesthanusualbees.Killerbeescanstingsixtytimesaminutenonstopfortwohours.Second,

killerbeesattackingroups.Fourhundredbeestingscankillaperson.

Alreadyseveralhundredpeoplearedead.NowkillerbeesareinTexas.Inafewyearstheywillreachall

overtheUnitedStates.Peoplecandonothingbutwait.

在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题:

59.Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A.HowtomakemorehoneyB.Killerbees

C.AfoolishscientistD.Howtofeedkillerbees

这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们先找出每一段

的大意：第一段讲的是“killerbees”的产生。第二段讲的是“killerbees”的急剧增加。第三段讲的是人们害

怕“killerbees”的原因。第四段讲的是“killerbees”己经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看

出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killerbees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killerbees”就是这篇文章的主题。

训练：（-）

Itseemstobestrangetoyouthereisablindspot（盲点）ontheeyes.Hereisaninteresting

experiment（实验）thatcanmakesomethingdisappear,whenoneeyeisopen.

MakeacardaboutthesizeofapostcardandwritetwoEnglishlettersLandRonit,Lontheleft

andRontheright.First,holdthecardabout80cmawayandyouseeboththeletters.Thencloseyour

righteyeandlookattheletterRonlywithyourlefteye.Andnow,asyoumovethecardslowlytowards

you,youllfindtheletterLdisappearing.Butifyoumovethecardnearertoyourface,theletterwillbe

seenagain.Nowdothesameexperimentwithyourlefteyeclosed,youllfindtheletterRdisappearing.

Whydoestheletterdisappear?Itisbecausethereisablindspotontheeye.Whentheimage（影

像）oftheletterfallsontheblindspot,itwon'tbeseen.Thatiswhyeitherofthelettersdisappears.

5.Thepassagemainly（主要）tellsus.

A.howtofindtheblindspotB.aninterestingexperiment

C.wheretheblindspotisD.thereisblindspotontheeye

（二）

Henrywasanofficeworkerinabigcity.Heworkedveryhardandenjoyedtravelinginhisholidays.

Heusuallywenttotheseaside,butoneyearhesawanadvertisementinanewspaper."Enjoy

countrylife.SpendafewweeksatWestHillFarm.Goodfood.Freshair.Horseriding.Walking.Fishing.

Cheapandinteresting."

"Thissoundsagoodidea,"hethought."I’llspendamonthatWestHillFarm.IthinkIcanenjoy

horseriding,walkingandfishing.Theyllmakeachangefromsittingbytheseasideandswimming."

Hewrotetothefarmer.IntheletterhesaidthathewouldliketospendallofJulythere.Thenon

thefirstofJuly,heleftforWestHillFarm.

Butfourdayslater,hereturnedhome.

"WhatwaswrongwithWestHillFarm?"hisbestfriend,Ed,askedhim."Didn'tyouenjoycountry

life?1

"Countrylifewasverygood,"Henrysaid."Buttherewasanotherproblem.M

“Oh.What?'

"Well,"hesaid,"thefirstdayIwasthereasheepdied,andwehadroastmuttonfordinner."

wWhat'swrongwiththat?'Edasked.uFreshmeatisthebest.”

Hlknow,butontheseconddayacowdied,andwehadroastbeeffordinner."

**Luckyyou!"

•'Youdon'tunderstand；*Henrysaid."Onthethirddayapigdiedandwehadroastporkfordinner."

UAdifferentmeateveryday,“Edsaidloudly,uandyouarecomplaining!M

“Letmefinish,"Henrysaid.uOnthefourthdaythefarmerdied,andIdidn'tdare（敢）stayfor

dinner!11

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Whatabeautifulfarm!B.Haveagoodtime.C.AshortholidayD.Henryandthefarmer.

（三）

In1998,WorldCupFootballMatchheldinFrancetookupanewrule.Insteadoftheusualblack

andwhiteball,acolorfulballwasusedinthegame.Thenewballwasmadeupof32piecesofthree

colors:red,blueandwhite.Interestinglyenough,theFrenchnationalflaghappenedtobeinthree

colors,too.Besides,32teamstookpartinthecomingWorldCup.Butearlyfootballwasmadeupof

eightpiecesofleather.Astimewentby,morepiecesofleatherwereused,from12piecesto18to26

andthento32now.

Aboutthreemillionsuchnewfootballsweremade.Andthensomeplayerswereplayingthenew

ballintheirtraining.Themakershavewarnedthegoalkeeperthatthenewballfliesinadirectlineata

fastspeed.

Aftertryingtheballforsometime,afootballersaidthattheballwasquitedifferentfromthe

traditional（传统的）blackandwhiteone,andthatthegoalkeeperwouldfindithardertocatchthem.

Anotherfootballersaidthattherewouldbemoregoals.uFortheplayerontheground,thenewballis

easiertocontrolasitflies.Agoodplayercanshootinmoregoals,“hesaid.

1.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.FootballofNewKindB.98WorldCupFootballMatch

C.GoalkeepersandPlayersD.Three-colorHagofFrance

B考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力

•此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是:

1）Whichofthefollowingisright?

2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

3）WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?

4）Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

5）Fromthispassageweknow.

解题方法（找细节）：

解题要点是找到问题中的关键词，根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词：指出文章中与题中所划关键词

的意思相反或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极

可能包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后，再将四个答案与此句内容对照后，就会发现有•答案的

信息与信息句的信息大致相同，则该答案即为正确答案。

训练：（-）

Ifyoulookattheskyonenightandseesomethingmovingandshiningthatyouhaveneverseenbefore,

itmightbeacomet（彗星）.

Acometsometimeslookslikeastar.Likeaplanet,acomethasnolightofitsown.Itshinesfrom

thesunlightitreflects（反射）.Liketheearth,acometgoesroundthesun,butonamuchlongerpath

（轨道）thantheearthtravels.

Ifacometisn'tastar,whatisitthen?

Somescientiststhinkthatalargepartofacometiswaterfrozenintopiecesoficeandmixedwith

ironandrockdustandperhapsafewbigpiecesofrock.Whensunshinemelts（融化）theiceinthe

comet,greatcloudsofgasgotrailingafterit.Theseclouds,togetherwiththedust,formalongtail.

Manypeopleperhapshaveseenacomet.Howevernooneknowshowmanycometsthereare.

Theremaybemillionsofcomets,butonlyafewcomecloseenoughforustosee.

AnEnglishmannamedEdmundHalley,wholivedfrom1656to1742,foundoutalotaboutthe

pathsthatcometstakethroughthesky.Somecometsmoveoutofoursightandnevercomeback.

Otherskeepcomingbackatregulartimes.AbigcometthatkeepscomingbackwasnamedafterHalley

becausehewastheonewhoworkedoutwhenitwouldcomebackagain.Maybeyouhaveeverseen

Halley*sCometsbecausethelasttimeitcameclosetothesunandtheearthwasintheyear1986.

Thenpeopleallovertheworldwereoutsideatnighttolookatit.Youwillprobablybeabletosee

Halley'sCometswhenitcomesneartheearthagain.

1.Acometislike.

A.sunB.moonC.sunlightD.theearth

2.Alargepartofacometis.

A.waterandrockB.waterfrozenintopiecesoficeandmixedwithiron

C.ice,ironandrockdustD.onlyafewbigpiecesofrock

3.Maybemanypeople.

A.haven*tseenanycometsB.haveseenallcomets

C.haveseenacometatdaytimeD.haveseenacomet

4.Somecometskeepcomingback.

A.atanytimeB.atnoonC.atregulartimesD.atdaytime

5.Halley'sCometscameback.

A.in1990B.in1980C.in1986D.in1989

(-)

OnNovember18th,1908,threemenwentupinaballoon.TheystartedearlyinLondon.The

headmanwasAugusteGaudron,andtheothertwomenwereTannarandMaitland.Theyhadabig

balloon,andtheywerereadyforalongway.

Soontheyheardtheseabelowthem.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope,anditwashangingdown

fromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater.

Oritcouldbeempty.Sotheywereabletochangeitsweight.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsof

sand.

Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000meters,andtheairwasverycold.

Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen*sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnow

ontheground.Therewasalsosomesnowontheballoon,andthatmadeitveryheavy.Itbegantogo

downtowardstheground.Thementriedtothrowoutsomemoresand;butitwashard.Theytriedto

breaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling;

sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakebelowandmadeablack

holeintheice.

Atlasttheypulledtheboxintothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;sotheyclimbedtogetawayfrom

thesnow.Theyroseto5,100meters!Everythingbecameicy.Theywereso81dthattheydecidedto

land.TheycamedowninRolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtraveled1,797kilometersfromLondon!

1.Threemenflewinaballoon.

A.morethanacenturyagoB.tovisitPoland

C.fornearly1,800kilometersD.toanothercity

2.Themetalboxwasusedfor.

A.changingweightB.carryingropesofthebasket

C.keepingdrinkingwaterD.carryingthebagsofsand

3.Whentheballoonwentuphigher,.

A.theysawthesungodown

B.thetemperatureoftheballoonbegantofall

C.theycouldseeablackholeontheground

D.theymadeaholeinthebasketwiththeirknives

4.Theballoonlanded.

A.inaforeigncountryB.onalakeC.inLondonD.onthesea

5.Thethreemenhadtolandbecause.

A.theywereveryhungryB.theyhadnotenoughsand

C.theypulledtheboxintothebasketD.theyfelttoocold

（三）

Ifyougetintotheforestwithyourfriends,staywiththemalways.Ifyoudon't,youmaygetlost.If

youreallygetlost,thisiswhatyoushoulddo.Sitdownandstaywhereyouare.Don'ttrytofindyour

friends—letthemfindyoubystayinginoneplace.

Thereisanotherwaytohelpyourfriendsorothernearbypeopletofindyou.Givethemasignal

（信号）byshoutingorwhistling（吹口哨）threetimes.Anysignalgiventhreetimesisacallforhelp.

Keepupshoutingorwhistlingalwaysthreetimestogether.Whenpeoplehearyou,theywillknow

thatyouarenotjustmakingnoiseforfun.Theyw川letyouknowthattheyhaveheardyoursignal.

Theygiveyoutwoshouts,twowhistles,ortwogun-shots（枪声）.Whensomeonegivesyouasignal,it

isananswertoacallforhelp.

Ifyoudon'tthinkthatyouwillgethelpbeforenightcomes,trytomakealittlehouse—coverupto

theholeswithbranches（树枝）withlotsofleaves.Makeyourselfasoftbedwithleavesandgrass.

Whatshouldyoudoifyougethungryorneeddrinkingwater?Youwouldhavetoleaveyourlittle

housetolookforariver.Don'tjustwalkaway.Pickoffsmallbranchesanddropthemasyouwalkso

thatyoucanfindyourwayback.Themostimportantthingtodowhenyouarelostis—stayinone

place.

1.lfyoulostintheforest,youshould.

A.staywhereyouareandgivesignalsthreetimes

B.walkaroundtheforestandshoutsothatyourfriendscouldhearyou

C.trytofindyourfriendsassoonaspossible

D.trytogetoutoftheforestandshoutforhelp

2.Ifyouwanttoletpeoplebelievethatyouarenotjustmakingnoiseforfun,youshould_.

A.tellpeoplethatyouarelostB.keepupshoutingorwhistling

C.shoutatthetopofyourvoiceD.shoutorwhistlethreetimes

3.Whenyouheartwoshouts,orwhistles,orgunshots,.

A.youshouldshoutmoreloudlyB.youcanwhistlethreetimes

C.itisananswertoyourcallforhelpD.youshouldtrytoruntothem

4.Whenyouwanttoleaveyourplacetogetdrinkingwater,youshould.

A.justgototheriver

B.findsomeglassesorbottlesbeforeyougo

C.makeafiresothatyoucanhavesometea

D.leavemarkssothatyoucanfindyourwayback

5.Thispassagemainlytellsyou.

A.whenyouhearasignalalwaysthreetimes,itisacallforhelp

B.Whatyoushoulddoifyougetlostinaforest

C.anysignalgiventwicemeansananswertoacallforhelp

C考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力

•此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：

1)Theword"inthepassageprobablymeans.

2)Theunderlinedword“It”inthepassagerefersto.

3)Inthisstorytheunderlinedword"…”means.

4)Here“it”means.

解题秘诀：上下文推理

①代入替换法。把四个选项分别代入题干，据语言逻辑判断哪个更加符合上下文的逻辑意思。

②在上下文中寻找同词性的词或词组。做这类题的关键是：该单词本身并不重要，重要的是该单词的上下

文

③利用语法和逻辑“有时根据上下文提代的线索或者其他方法，仍然不能得到唯一答案，就可以利用语•法

和逻辑方面的规则来判断，符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案，反之则不是正确答案。

(1)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。

例1：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.

假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从

句中不难看出pineapples,coconutsfllbananas,oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水

果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。

例2：Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.Itisona

largeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.

Whatdoestheword“steam"meaninChinese?

A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽

从语法上看，steam和hotwater是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在

所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。

(2)根据同义、反义关系猜测词义。

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，iuhappyandgay,即使我们不认识gay这

个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思：二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，

M1：manhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsvenus,mars,andjupiterwiththehelpof

spaceships.

此句中的venus(金星)、mars(火星)、jupiter•(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属

于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,howeve「等；二

是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：

例2：heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.

根据notatall…handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

(3).通过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解

乂有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了•些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀un-表反义词,

如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important>unimportant等；名词后・ful构成形容词，如

careful,useful;名词后-less表没有，如careless,friedless;后缀-ment表名词，如develop、development,

state、statement,argue>argument等；后缀・er、-or或・ist表同源名词；如calculate、calculator,

visit、visitor,law>lawyer,wait、waiter,sci-ence>scientist,art>artist等，这些问题便不难解决了。

(4)根据因果关系猜测词义。

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如

because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：Youshouldnlhaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是‘责备”。

(5)根据定义或解释猜测词义或通过描述猜词

例1：Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.

从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought,由此可见

drought意思为"久旱"，"早灾"。而adryperiod和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,

thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折号等来表示。

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。

例2：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.

Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.

从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

例3：Abagisusefulandtheword"bagrsuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases(短语).Oneis

“toletthecatoutofthebag."Itisthesameas**totellasecret"...

Nowwhensomeoneletsout(泄漏)asecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”

John"letsthecatoutofthebag”meanshe.

A.makeseveryoneknowasecretB.thewomanboutacat

C.buysacatinthebagD.sellsthecatinthebag

在这篇文章里，“letthecatoutofthebag”虽然是一个新H；现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释Itisthe

sameas"totellasecret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。

(6)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。

例如：

Astheygoaroundtown,thepolicehelppeople.Sometimestheyfindlostchildren.Theytakethe

childrenhome.Ifthepoliceseeafight,theycutanendtoitrightaway.Sometimespeoplewillask

thepolicehowtogettoaplaceintown.Thepolicecanalwaystellthepeoplewhichwaytogo.They

knowallthestreetsandroadswell.

文章后面有这样•道题：

53.Inthetext,“Dutanendto”means"

A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly

根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到仃人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。

根据这•推理，答案应该是A。

D考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力

•此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：

1）Manyvisitorscometothewriter'scityto.

2）SomeshopscanbebuiltDonfengSquaresothattheymay.

3）Airpollutionisthemostseriouskindofpollutionbecause.

4）WhydidthewritergetoffthetraintwostopsbeforeViennastation?

解题秘诀：依据原文认真比较选项

①绝大多数推理题是原文意思的同义表达.

②如果四个选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理步骤，那么与原文意思最接近、所用推理最少

的选项即是正确答案

ItwasMother'sDay.Johnwassobusywithhisworkthathecouldn'tgobackhome.Whenhepassed

byaflowershopintheevening,anideacametohismind,"I'llsendMumsomeroses（玫瑰）.“While

Johnwaspickinghisflowers,ayoungmanwentinside."HowmanyrosescanIgetforonlyfivedollars,

madam?'heasked.Theassistant（店员）wastryingtotellhimroseswereasexpensiveasfortydollarsa

dozen（一打）.Maybehewouldbehappywithcarnations（康乃馨）.

“No,Ihavetohaveredroses/5hesaid."MymumwasbadlyilllastyearandIdidn'tgettospendmuch

timewithher.NowIwanttogetsomethingspecial,ithastoberosesasroseisherfavourite/1

Afterhearingit,Johnsaidhewouldpaytherestofthemoneyfortheyoungman.Movedbybothof

them,theassistantsaid,"Well,lovelyyoungmen,thirtydollarsadozen,onlyforyou."Takingtheroses,

theyoungmanalmostjumpedintotheairandranoutoftheshop.Itwaswellworthtwenty-five

dollarsthatJohnpaidtoseetheexcitingmoment.ThenJohnpaidforhisdozenofrosesandtoldthe

assistanttosendthemtohismother.

Ashewalkedout,hefeltnice.Suddenlyhesawtheyoungmancrossingthestreetandgoingintoa

park.ButsoonJohnrealizeditwasnotaparkbutacemetery（墓地）.Crying,theyoungmancarefully

putdowntheroses,“Mum,oh,Mum,whydidn'tItellyouhowmuchIlovedyou?God,pleasehelpme

findmymumandtellherIloveher.”

Seeingthis,Johnturnedandquicklywalkedtotheshop.Hewouldtaketheflowershomehimself.

ITheassistanttriedtoasktheyoungmantobuycarnationsinsteadofrosesbecause.

A.carnationswerenicerthanrosesB.rosesweresavedforJohn

C.rosesweremoreexpensivethancarnationsD.carnationswerespecialflowersforMother'sDay

2.Johnspentaltogether（总共）intheflowershopthatday.

A.$5B.$25C.$30D.$55

I3.Theyoungmancriedatthecemeterybecausehe_.

A.hadspentallhismoneyontherosesB.wasn'tabletotellhismotherhelovedherhimself

C.feltsorrytoaskJohntopayforhisflowersD.hadn'tgotenoughmoneyforhissickmother

4.AtlastJohnchangedhismindandwenthomebecausehewantedto.

A.tellhismotherhelovedherhimselfB.askhismotherformoremoney

C.tellhismothertheyoungman'sstoryD.askhismotherifshelikedroses

5.Thewriterwritesthepassageinordertotellus

A.BuyrosesforyourmotherwhensheisillB.Letyourmotherknowhowmuchyouloveher

C.WorkhardtogetmoremoneyforyourmotherD.SendyourmotherflowersonMother'sDay

E考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力

•此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：

1）Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybea.

2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

3)Fromtheletterswe*velearnedthatifsverytoknowsomethingaboutAmericansocial

customs.

4)Fromthestorywecanguess_____.

5)Whatwouldbehappyif...?

解题秘诀：

这种题目往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上卜文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解

后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确

答案。所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部

分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。

在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：

Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledon'twanttoreadstoriesabout

everydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?

A.Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.

B.Yourteacherhasgotacold.

C.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn'tbeencaught.

D.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.

根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。

训练：

Areyoucarryingtoomuchonyourbackatschool?Ybu*renotalone.BackexpertsintheUnitedStates

areworriedthatyoungstudentsarehavingbackandneckproblemsasaresultofcarryingtoomuchin

theirbackpacks(schoolbags).

MlthurtsmybackwhenIrun,"saidOberlinReyes,astudentinVirginia."Ifshardtogetupthe

stairswithmybackpack,becauseifstooheavy.M

Oberlinisamongstudentswhosebackpackswereweighedforaweekinarecentstudy.

Theyhadregularbackpackswithtwostraps(带子)tocarrythem,butanumberofstudentswith

heavyloadshadswitchedtorollingbackpacks（whichhavewheelsandcanrollontheground）.

ShirleyPark,whosebackpackweighed10kilograms,saidshechangedtoarollingbackpack

becauseshewasstartingtohavebackpain.

Howmuchistoomuch?Expertssaystudentsshouldcarrynomorethan10to15percentoftheir

ownbodyweight.

Afewstudentshadonesuggestiontolightentheload:lesshomework.

P.S.（附）Doctor'ssuggestion:

①Lightentheload.Qeanoutbinders（活页材料）andtakehomeonlythebooksyouneedthat

night.

②Widestrapsarebetter.Theysendouttheweightoveryourshouldersmoreevenly（均匀）.And

besuretowearbothstrapsratherthanhangingthepackoveroneshoulder.

（3）Packsmart.Theheavierthingsshouldbepackedclosedtotheback.

④Bendbothkneeswhenyoupickupthepack,anddon'tjustbendoveratthewaist（腰）.

1.“"isthemainideaofthetext.

A.Theproblemofbackpacksisworthstudying

B.Theproblemmadebyheavybackpacks

C.Whatisthebestbackpackforastudent

D.Howtomakestudents'backpackslight

2.AccordingtoEnderlinReyesandShirleyPark,weknow.

A.studentshavetodotoomuchhomework

B.backpackshavetocarryheavybackpacks

C.backpackswithoutwheelsarebadforstudents

D.toomuchhomeworkleavesstudentsnofreetime

3.Theexpression"switchedto"inthetextperhapsmeans.

A.startedtouseB.turnedtoC.caughtupD.usedfor

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifsbetterforastudentof40kilogramstocarryabackpackofat

mostbythewordsofexperts.

A.10kgB.8kgC.6kgD.7kg

5.lfstudentsfollowthedoctor'ssuggestionsthey.

A.maylightentheirbackpacksB.canlearnhowtohelpthemselves

C.mayfeeltheirbackpacksarelighterD.willknowhowtowearbackpacks

F考查推断作者意图和态度的能力

该题型主要考察学生对文中的有关语句、要点、细节、观点等的理解能力。这种题要求在宏观把握文章的

基础匕作出合理判断。这种题要求在宏观把握文章的基础I'.,选出作者对文章所谈问题的态度，而不是

我们对某一问题的经验。这类题要求考生从文章的论述方法、语气和遣词造句中把握作者对人与事的好恶,

了解作者的态度和情感；这类题目需要多注意文章开头、结尾等传达作者感情倾向的地方。

1）HowdidthewriterfeelatViennastation?

2）Thewriterwritesthistextto.

3）Thewriterbelievesthat.

4）Thewritersuggeststhat.

一般作者的态度分为三大类：

①支持、赞同、乐观②客观、中立③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观

解题秘诀：

①理解文章、合理推断，切不可经验主义。

②找文中带有感情色彩的名词、动同、形容词、副词

③根据作者举的例子判断

坚持哦！--突破阅读

星期一：（一）

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