专题24任务型阅读完成句子或表格

专题24任务型阅读完成句子或表格

【母题来源1】［2020•贵州省安顺市】

【母题原题】

Howwouldyoufeelifmovingtoanewtownmeantlosingtrackofyourfriends?Whatiftheonlywayofgetting

newsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered（递送）?Thiswashowthingsworked

notverylongago.Thankstoadvancesintechnology,howwemakefriendsandcommunicatewiththemhaschanged

greatly.

Nowadays,wecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwithourfriends.Socialmediatools（社交媒

体工具）letusseewhatourfriendsarebusywithandmaintainfriendships.

Thedigital（数字）agealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests.Whateverourhobbies,theInternet

canconnectuswithotherswhoalsoenjoydoingthem,eveniftheyliveontheothersideoftheworld.

Butwhenyoufriendpeopleonline,doesthismeanthattheyreallyareyourfriends?Itdepends.

Ifpeoplealwaysexchangetruepersonalinformationonline,thenyes,thesefriendshipscanberealand

meaningful.Butweneedtorememberthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.

Sometimessmilingphotoscanhiderealproblems.OntheInternet,nobodyknowsyou'readog.Ayoungpersoncould

beold；awomancouldbeaman；wecouldevenbesharingourinformationwithcriminals.

Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatweshouldthrowthebabyoutwiththebathwater.Althoughtechnologyhaschanged

thewayweacquire（获得）friends,themeaningoffriendshipandourlongingfbrfriendsremainthesame.As

Aristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.

66.Waysofmakingfriendsandcommunicatingwiththemhavechangedgreatlybecauseof.

67.Tostayintouchwithourfarawayfriends,wecan.

68.Onlinefriendshipscanberealandmeaningfulifpeoplewitheachother.

69.Thephrase“throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater“means""inChinese.

70.Thispassagemainlytalksaboutofmakingfriendsonline.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，论述了发达的网络技术使得人们交友和保持友谊更简单了；但网络是把

双刃剑，网络上的友情有真也有假，所以人们也要谨慎。

66.advancesintechnology/developmentsintechnology

【解析】根据"Thankstoadvancesintechnology,howwemakefriendsandcommunicatewiththemhaschanged

greatly可知是因为技术的发展，故答案为advancesintechnology/developmentsintechnologyo

67.usesocialmediatools

［解析］根据“Nowadays,wecanmovearoundtheworldandstillstayintouchwithourfriends.Socialmediatools

（社交媒体工具）letusseewhatourfriendsarebusywithandmaintainfriendships”,可知我们可以使用社交

工具，故答案为usesocialmediatools。

68.exchangetruepersonalinformation/sharetruepersonalinformation

［）W析】根据“Ifpeoplealwaysexchangetruepersonalinformationonline,thenyes,thesefriendshipscanberealand

meaningful”,可知是如果人们交换真实的个人信息，那就是真的友谊，故答案为exchangetruepersonal

information/sharetruepersonalinformationc

69.丢弃不想要的东西的同时失去宝贵的东西

【解析】该句字面意思为“把孩子连洗澡水一起丢掉“，再结合作者的观点，可知其深层含义是“丢弃不想要

的东西的同时失去宝贵的东西”，故答案为“丢弃不想要的东西的同时失去宝贵的东西

70.advantagesanddisadvantages

【解析】通读全文，可知文章主要论述了在网上交友的好处和坏处，故答案为advantagesanddisadvantageso

【母题来源2】［2020•贵州省铜仁市】

【母题原题】HowtoExerciseWell

Warmup.Itisimportanttowarmupbeforeyouexercise.Youneedtostretchyourlegs,arms,backandneck

beforeyoudoanydifficultactivitieslikerunning.

Findgoodplacestoexercise.Youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneyexercising.Youcanrunorplaysportsina

parkorinyourschoolgym.Youdon'tneedtobuyexerciseequipmentforyourhome.Justgetyourbodymoving!

Don'tworktoohard.Chooseasportthatyouareinterestedinandthenyourexercisewillbefuninsteadofwork.

Also,youonlyneedtoexerciseafewtimeseachweek.Ifyouexercisefor30minuteseachtime,youwillstay

healthy.

Drinkenoughwate匚Itisimportanttodrinkwaterwhenyouexercise.Yourbodyneedsthewaterfbrenergyand

fbrkeepingcool.

Becareful!Ifyouhurlyourselfwhileyouareexercising,restuntilyoufeelbetter.Exercisingwhenyouarehurt

isbadforyourhealth.

根据以上短文内容，完成下列表格。每空一词。

Youneedto76yourlegs,arms,backandneckbeforeyoudoany

Warmup.

difficultactivitieslikerunning.

Findgoodplacestoexercise.Youcanrunorplay77inaparkorinyourschoolgym.

Chooseasportthatyou78andthenyourexercisewillbefuninsteadof

Don'tworktoohard.

work.

Drinkenoughwater.Your79needsthewaterforenergyandforkeepingcool.

Becareful!Ifyouhurtyourself80exercising,restuntilyoufeelbetter.

【文章大意】本文讲述了锻炼需要注意的儿个问题。

76.stretch

［解析］根据文中的句子“Youneedtostretchyourlegs,arms,backandneckbeforeyoudoanydifficultactivities

likerunning.”句中谈到了在你做任何像跑步这样的困难活动之前，你需要伸展(stretch)你的腿、胳膊、背

和脖子。故答案为stretch。

77.sports

【解析】根据文中的句子“Youcanrunorplaysportsinaparkorinyourschoolgym.”句中谈到，你可以跑步或

者是做运动(playsports)。故答案为sports。

78.like/enjoy/love

【解析】文中的句子“Chooseasportthatyouareinterestedinandthenyourexercisewillbefuninsteadofwork.”

与问题句相对比，可知文中的“areinterestedin”(对...感兴趣)和“like/enjoy/love”同义。这是在表达一种

事实，属于一般现在时，因为主语是you,所以用动词原形。故答案为like/enjoy/love。

79.body

【解析】根据文中的句子“Yourbodyneedsthewaterforenergyandforkeepingcool.”可知你的身体(body)需

要水来补充能量。故答案为body。

80.while

【解析】根据文中的句子“Ifyouhurtyourselfwhileyouareexercising,restuntilyoufeelbelter.”句中谈到了如

果你在锻炼的时候伤到了自己。故答案为while。

【母题来源31[2020•黑龙江哈尔滨市】

【母题原题]HaveyoueverheardofIceland?IcelandisaEuropeancountry.Itusedtobeoneoftherichestcountries

intheworld.Itstotalareais103thousandsquarekilometers.SummerinIcelandisveryshort,whichlastsfromJune

toAugust.ItswinterstartsfromSeptemberandendsnextMay.

In1980,Icelandstartedtodevelopitstouristindustry.Fortyyearshaspassedsincethen.Insummer,plentyof

touristsfromallovertheworldcomeheretohaveavisit.Inwinter,peopleinIcelandhavetospendthelongdark

night.Theyusuallyhavealotofspecialactivities,suchasskating,ridingsnowmotorbikesandhavingpartiestohave

anexcitingnight.

Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.Foodproblemwasalwaysaheadachefor

Icelandinthepast.Nowtheproblemisbeingsolved.

Iceland—aCountryin75

Itstotalarea103.00076kilometers

WhenIcelandstartedtodevelopitstouristindustryFortyyears77

WhatpeopledotohaveanexcitingnightinwinterThey78ridesnowmotorbikesandhaveparties.

WhyIcelandhasashort79seasonBecauseofalongcoldwinter

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了•个欧洲国家——冰岛的面积、气候特征、旅游业的发展及其曾经面临的食

品问题。

75.Europe

【解析】根据第1段中“IcelandisaEuropeancountry.”讲冰岛是个欧洲国家，可知冰岛在欧洲，介词in后接

European的名词形式Europeo故答案为Europeo

76.square

【解析】根据第I段中“Itstotalareais103thousandsquarekilometers.”可知冰岛的总面积是103,0()0平方公里，

结合题干中“103,000kilometers”可知此处缺少squareo故答案为squareo

77.ago

【解析】根据第2段中“In1980,Icelandstartedtodevelopitstouristindustry.”可知1980年冰岛开始发展旅游

业，现在是2020年，结合题干中“Fortyyears"可知此处是说40年前，用ago表示“以前”。故答案为ago。

78.skate

【解析】根据第2段中“Theyusuallyhavealotofspecialactivities,suchasskating,ridingsnowmotorbikesand

havingpartiestohaveanexcitingnight.”可知冬天人们会滑冰、骑雪上摩托和聚会来度过一个激动人心的夜晚,

结合题干“They,ridesnowmotorbikesandhaveparties.”中and连接并列的谓语结构，ride和have都用原

形，可知此处要用动词原形skate。故答案为skate。

79.growing

［解析］根据最后一段中“Becauseofalongcoldwinter,Icelandhasashortgrowingseason.”可知漫长的寒冬是

冰岛植物生长季短的原因，此处用growing与原文保持一致。故答案为growing。

【母题来源4】【202()•四川省成都市】

【母题原题】

我

Contiicius

Confucius9lifeandthought

Confucius(551—479BC)wasagreatthinkerandteacherintheSpringandAutumnPeriodofChina.Hewas

borninQufu,capitalofthestateofLu(partofShandong).Heactedasanofficial官员)there.Buthewasperhapsa

betterthinkerthanhewasanofficialandheendeduphavingtoleavethestateofLu.Hespent13yearstravelling

aroundtheotherstates,spreadinghisideas.Andhetriedtoteachpeoplethatpeacewasveryimportantforahealthy

society.However,itwasnotuntiltheruleofEmperorWuofHanDynasty(156-87BC)thathisideaswerefinallyput

intopractice.Inhislastfewyears,hereturnedtoQufuwherehespenttherestofhislifeteaching.Histeachingswere

recordedbyhisfollowersinabookcalledLunyu.

Confucius9teachingsformedthebaseofChinesethought.Confuciusthoughteveryoneshoulddevelop

virtues(美德)andalwaysdotherightthing.Confucius'thoughtisconsideredtohavebeenthenecessityofEastern

thought.

Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers,hetaughtfivevirtuesacceptedbyallChinese.They

areren(kindness,charity),yi(fairness),li(ceremony,tradition),zhi(knowledge),andxin(trust).Anothervirtueisxiao.

Xiaoisthedutiesapersonhastotheirparents.Itmeansloving,respecting,obeying(月艮从),andtakingcareofone飞

parentsintheiroldage.Xiaoformsthebaseofapeacefulsociety.Andheisthefinalgoalaccordingtohisthought.It

meanssocialpeace.

Here'soneofConfucius,famoussayings,4tDonotdotoothersasyoudonotwishtobedonetoyou.,,Another

sayingofhisis"Inthecompanyoftwoothers,Icanalwaysfindoneworthyofbeingmyteacher.”

ItisclearthatConfucius,thoughtwillcontinuetobeanecessarypartofChineseculture.Anditwillcontinueto

dosomethinggoodtothedevelopmentofChinaandeventhewholeworld.

Achievements

_______76_______*thebookcalledLunyu

Mainthought

*workingasanofficial*thebaseofChinesethought

*79

*travellingaroundtospreadhis*anecessarypartof77and

*doingtherightthing

ideas78.

*buildingapeacefulsociety(he)

*teachinginQufu*ahelpforthedevelopmentof

Chinaandtheworld

AConfucius*life///，

W\\^

VirtuesFamoussayings

*re〃：kindness,charity*yi:fairnessA.Donotdotoothersasyoudonotwishtobedoneto

*〃：ceremony,traditionknowledge*xin:trustyou.

*xiao:tolove,respect,obeyandtakecareofparentsB.Inthecompanyoftwoothers,Icanalwaysfindone

80isoneofthevirtuesandpeoplewhobelieveinworthyofbeingmyteacher.

itwillloveeveryoneintheworld.SayingAteachesushowto81whileSayingBis

totellpeoplewecanalways82.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了著名思想家孔子的生平及其思想。

76.Experiences

【解析】根据本方框内容*workingasanofficial*travellingaroundtospreadhisideas*teachinginQufu可知,

此处是介绍孔子的经历。故答案为Experiences。

77.Easternthought

【解析】根据原文Confucius,thoughtisconsideredtohavebeenthenecessityofEasternthought可知，孔子的

思想是东方思想的一个必要组成部分。故答案为Easternthought

78.Chineseculture

［解析】根据原文ItisclearthatConfucius'thoughtwillcontinuetobeanecessarypartofChineseculture可知，

孔子的思想是中国文化的一个必要组成部分。故答案为Chineseculture。

79.developingvirtues

［解析］根据原文Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers,hetaughtfivevirtuesacceptedbyall

Chinese可.知，孔子的主要思想有培养5种美德。故答案为developingvirtues0

80.Ren

【解析】根据原文Theyareren(kindness,charity),yi(fairness),li(ceremony,tradition),zhi(knowledge),and

xin(trust)可知，孔子提倡“仁义礼智信”五种美德，其中“仁”是一种美德，相信它的人会爱世界上的每一个人。

故答案为Reno

81.treatothers(andourselves)/behavetowardsothers

【解析】名言A意思为“己所不欲，勿施于人”，这句话教会人们的是如何对待他人以及自己。故答案为treat

others(andourselves)/behavetowardsotherso

82.learnfromothers

【解析】名言B意思为“三人行必有我师焉”，这句话教会人们的是我们总能从其他人身上学到一些东西。

故答案为learnfromotherso

【母题来源6】［2020•四川乐山中考】

【母题原题】Treesareoneoftheoldest“citizens“ofourearth.Theykeepourairclean,reducenoisepollution,

improvewaterqualityandprovidefoodandbuildingmaterials.

Justlikeus,treeschangealotastheygrow.At1to3yearsold,youngtreeslearnhowtogrowupsafely.For

example,manytreesgrowthornstowarnanimalsnottogonear.Mostyoungtreeshavelarge,deepgreenleavesso

thattheycancatchenoughsunlightandchangeitintotheirfoodandenergy.

Whentreesare4yearsold,theybegintogrowveryrapidlyandbecomestrongenoughtofacechallengeslaterin

life.Attheageof15,treesbecomeyoungadults.Theygrowmoreslowlyandbegintoproduceflowersandfruit.

Itisnotuntilthetreeis20to25yearsoldthatitbecomesarealadult.Thetreereachesitslargestsize.Theadult

treegivesusshade,oxygenandnaturalbeauty.Itisalsoagreatplaceforatreehouse,oraplaceforustoreadabook,

listentomusicandsoon.Ifwegivetheadulttreepropercare,itwillgoontolivehealthilyformanyyears.

Graduallytreesbegintogrowolderandolderandevendie.Atthistime,theystillhavetheirimportantplacein

nature.Whenatreebecomesholloworpartofitbecomesdead,itprovidesahomeforsmallanimalsandisasource

offoodformanyotheranimals.

Inmanyways,thelifeofatreeissimilartoourownlifeexperience.Whenwearelookingatthelifeofatree,we

learnthateachperiodoflifebringsitsownformofjoyandchallenge.Enjoyeveryminuteofthelifeofthetreesand

lookafterthetrees!

The①ofaTree

Something

Improvetheenvironmentandoffer②andmaterialsforbuilding.

useful

LearnwaystogrowGrowthornstowarnanimals.

1-3yearsold

Changesasup

Catchenoughsunlightwithlargegreenleaves.

they③

4yearsoldGrowquicklyandbecome⑤.

⑥yearsoldGrowslowlyandproduceflowersandfruit.

Givepeoplealotsuchasoxygenandgoodplaces

torelax.

20-25yearsoldBecomereal

Livelongerifpeopletake⑧ofthem

a.

properly.

GrowolderordieBestill⑨innature.

ConclusionAtree'slifeisthe⑩asourlifeexperienceinmanyways.

71.①______

72.②______

73.③______

74.④______

75.⑤______

76.⑥______

77.(7)______

78.®______

79.⑨______

80.⑩______

【文章大意】本文介绍的是树木的从小到大的生长过程以及对人类的贡献，如：提供氧气、阴凉、改善水

的质量，提供建筑的材料等；当树木空心快要死亡时，也为小动物提供居住场所和食物。享受与树木的每

一分钟并爱护树木。

71.life

【解析】根据文章的大体内容，主要讲述的是树木从小到大的成长及对人类的贡献，讲述的树的一生“life”，

故答案为life。

72.food

【解析)根据“Theykeepourairclean,reducenoisepollution,improvewaterqualityandprovidefoodandbuilding

materials.它们保持我们的空气清洁，减少噪音污染，改善水质，并提供食物和建筑材料。''可知应该是“提供

食物”，故答案为food。

73.grow

【解析】tKffi4tJustlikeus,treeschangealotastheygrow.就像我们一样，树木在成长过程中变化很大。”可知

应该是“成长grow”，故答案为growo

74.safely

［解析］根据“At1to3yearsold,youngtreeslearnhowtogrowupsafely.在1到3岁的时候,小树就会学会如

何安全地成长。”可知是副词“safely安全地”修饰动词短语growup,故答案为safely。

75.strong

【解析】根据"Whentreesare4yearsold,theybegintogrowveryrapidlyandbecomestrongenoughtoface

challengeslaterinlife.当树木长到4岁时，它们开始生长得非常快，变得足够强壮，可以在以后的生活中面

对挑战。”可知应该是变得强壮“strong”，故答案为strong。

76.15

［解析】根据"Attheageof15,treesbecomeyoungadults.Theygrowmoreslowlyandbegintoproduceflowersand

fruit.到了15岁，树木就变成了年轻的成年人。它们生长较慢，开始开花结果。可知是15岁，故答案为

15o

77.adults

［解析】根据"Itisnotuntilthetreeis20to25yearsoldthatitbecomesarealadult直到这棵树长到20到25岁,

它才会成为真正的成年人。”，可知是成为真正的成年人"adult”，故答案为adults。

78.care

［解析】根据"Ifwegivetheadulttreepropercare,itwillgoontolivehealthilyformanyyears.如果我们给成年

树适当的照顾，它就会健康地生活很多年。“，可知是照顾“takecareoF成年树木，故答案为care。

79.important

［解析】根据"Gradually,treesbegintogrowolderandolderandevendie.Atthistime,theystillhavetheirimportant

placeinnature.渐渐地，树木开始变得越来越老，甚至死亡。此时，它们在自然界中仍占有重要地位。”，

可知是重要的“important”,故答案为importanto

80.same

【解析】根据"Inmanyways,thelifeofatreeissimilartoourownlifeexperience.在许多方面，树的生活与我

们自己的生活经历相似。“，besimilarto类似于，观察表格中这里用的是“thesameas与……相同”，故答案

为same。

【考试方向】

分析近3年各地市中考英语真题可知，完成表格型阅读的话题通常是与日常生活息息相关，包括观点

建议类、介绍类、文化风俗类、环境保护类、饮食与健康类及科普知识类。词数为200—260词。文章以表

格形式设空，设5空。至少4道题的答案可以在文中直接找出，有1道题需要总结概括，如文章的标题或

某一段的小标题。文体以记叙文和说明文为主。

【得分要点】

解答此类题型，需要按照”查表-析文一填表”的思路进行：

1.查表。阅读表格，分析表格的项目内容和结构特征，从而把握信息范围及对文章的理解方向。要特别

关注文章的标题栏和表格前的小标题，这样有助于理解文章大意。

2.析文。快速浏览全文，把握文章大意；再仔细阅读文章内容，找准细节定位。阅读文章是，要利用多

种阅读技巧，对文章进行全面理解。

3.填表。进行填表。多数题目的答案可以在文章中直接找出；少数题目需要在分析原文的基础上，结合题

目对文章进行理解归纳答案；还需注重书写习惯，多注意大小写的运用。

【母题1］【来源】12020•江苏省南京市建邺区二模】

Becauseofthenovelcoronavirus,itisusefulformanypeopletowearmaskstoavoidillness.Infact,maskshave

beenhelpinghumansfbrcenturies.Lefstakealookatsomethingaboutmasks.

1stcentury

Duringthatperiod,manypeopleinRomanEmpirelivedahardlifeandhadtoworkundergroundinminesto

supporttheirfamilies.Butafterseveralyears'work,mostofthemhaddifficultybreathingnormallyandfinallydied.

Tosolvethisproblem,PlinytheElder(23-79AD),aRomanphilosopherandnaturalist,recommendedtheuseof

animalbladder(膀胱)skinstostopdustfrombeingtakenin.Afterthat,hisideawasconsideredtheveryfirst

recordedmaskinvention.

16thcentury

EarlyinventionsdidnotstopwithPliny.Manycenturieslater,ItalianartistandinventorLeonardodaVinci

(1452-1519),putforwardasuggestionofusingawetclothoverthefacetoprotectagainsttheharmfulchemicals.

19thcentury

Thedesignofthemasktookabigstepforwardinthe19thcentury.In1848,AmericanLewisHassleystartedto

patent（注册）aprotectivemaskforminers,whichwasalandmark.Masksatthisstageweresimilartogasmasks.

Later,in1897,Polish-AustriandoctorJohannvonMikulicz-Radeckidesignedasimplemaskmadeofonelayerof

gauze（纱布），recommendingmedicalworkerstowearittopreventinfection.Sincethen,surgicalmaskshave

appeared.

20thcentury

In1910,anepidemicbrokeoutinNortheastChina.ChinesedoctorWuLiandedesignedacheapfacemask

called"Wu'smask”.Madeoftwolayersofsurgical

gauze,itcouldbewrapped（缠绕）aroundthebackoftheheadandtiedinaknot.Thismaskwaspraisedby

expertsaroundtheworld,asitwaseasiertomakeandhadalowerproductioncost.

Modernexploration

Withthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology,thematerialsinmaskshavebeenimprovedtobetterprotectits

wearer.Forexample,in2012whenChinasufferedfromsmog,maskmodelssuchasN95andKN90becamehighly

popular.Inthefuture,maskswillcontinuetoimprove,hopefullysowillthehabitsofhumans.

The_____56_____ofthemask

Wearingmasksisofgreat_____57_____toprotectoneselfagainsttheillness.Infact,maskshavebeenhelping

humansforcenturies.

♦ManypeopleinRomanEmpirecouldn'taffordtheirfamily______58______they

workedundergroundinmines.Butafterseveralyears'work,mostofthemhaddifficulty

1stcenturybreathingnormallyandfinallydied.

♦ItwasPlinytheElderwho_____59_____withthisproblembyrecommendingtheuseof

animalbladder（膀胱）skinstostopdust.Thisisthefirstrecordedmask.

♦Toavoidtheharmfulchemicals,LeonardodaVinci_____60_____asuggestionofusing

16thcentury

awetclothoverthefaceforus.

♦In1848,AmericanLewisHassleybecamethe______61______persontopatent（注册

专利）aprotectivemaskforminers,whichwasalandmark.

19thcentury♦___In1897,Polish-AustriandoctorJohannvondesignedasimplemaskmadeofonelayer

ofgauze（纱布）andrecommendedmedicalworkerstowearit.Thatwas

_____62_____surgicalmasksappeared.

♦In1910,thefacemaskcalled"Wu'smask“wasspokenhighlyofbyexpertsaroundthe

20thcentury

world,asitcost_____63_____andwasmademoreeasily.

♦Withthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology,thematerialsinmaskshavebeen

Modemimprovedtoreducethe64ofgettingillness.

exploration♦Inthefuture,itis______65______thatmaskswillcontinuetoimprove,aswellasthe

habitsofhumans.

【答案】56.history

57.use58.so

59.vided

61.first62.how

63.less64.risk

65.hoped

【解析】本文主要讲述了口罩的历史。

56.主旨大意题。根据第1大段“Let'stakealookatsomethingaboutmasks.”我们来看一下口罩的一些东西；

再联系小标题“1stcentury”“16thcentury""19thcentury'"'20thcentuiyi世纪，16世纪，19世纪，20世纪。

可知，本文主要讲述了口罩的历史。故答案填history。

57.细节理解题。根据第1大段"itisusefulformanypeopletowearmaskstoavoidillness.”戴口罩对于很多人

来说避免疾病是有用的。可知，是有用的；空格处缺少名词表示有用。故答案填use。

58.细节理解题。根据第2大段“Duringthatperiod,manypeopleinRomanEmpirelivedahardlifeandhadtowork

undergroundinminestosupporttheirfamilies.”罗马帝国的许多人都过着艰苦的生活，不得不在地下矿井工作

来养家糊口。可知，罗马帝国人因为不能养家糊口所以不得不在地下矿井工作。空格处缺少连词所以。故

答案填SOo

59.细节理解题。根据第2大段“Tosolvethisproblem,PlinytheElder(23-79AD),aRomanphilosopherand

naturalist,recommendedtheuseofanimalbladder（膀胱）skinstostopdustfrombeingtakenin."为『解决这个

问题，普林尼推荐用膀胱皮来阻止空气进入。可知，空格处的意思是解决这个问题，dealwilh解决，一般过

去时，动词用过去式。故答案填dealt。

60.细节理解题。根据第3大段“ItalianartistandinventorLeonardodaVinci（1452-1519）,putforwardasuggestion

ofusingawetclothoverthefacetoprotectagainsttheharmfulchemicals.”意大利的达芬奇建议用湿布覆盖脸来

预防这些有害的化学物质。可知，空格处缺少动词表示提供，给某人提供某物providesth.forsb.；一般过去

时动词用一般过去式。故答案填provided。

61.细节理解题。根据第4大段“In1848,AmericanLewisHassleystartedtopatent（注册）aprotectivemaskfor

miners,whichwasalandmark.”1848年，美国的刘易斯开始为矿工申请保护面罩，可知,刘易斯成为了为矿

工申请保护面罩的第一人。第一first。故答案填first。

62.细节理解题。根据第4大段“Later,in1897,Polish-AustriandoctorJohannvonMikulicz-Radeckidesigneda

simplemaskmadeofonelayerofgauze（纱布），recommendingmedicalworkerstowearittopreventinfection.

Sincethen,surgicalmaskshaveappeared/'1897年，Johann设计了一层纱布的简单面罩，建议医护人员戴以防

被感染，从那时开始，外科口罩就出现可知，这就是外科口罩生产的过程。空格处缺少单词表示怎么

样。故答案填how。

63.细节理解题。根据第5大段“Thismaskwaspraisedbyexpertsaroundtheworld,asitwaseasiertomakeand

hadalowerproductioncost.”这种口罩因为容易生产，生产成本更低被全世界的专家所称赞。可知，是花费更

少，less更少，故答案填less。

64.细节理解题。根据第6大段“Withthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology,thematerialsinmaskshavebeen

improvedtobetterprotectitswearer.”随着科学技术的发展，口罩的材料己的改进以更好地保护佩戴者。

可知，是为了减少人们生病的风险；句子成分分析，空格处缺少名称表示风险，risk风险，可数名词，特指

生病的风险用单数形式。故答案填risk。

65.细节理解题。根据第6大段“Inthefuture,maskswillcontinuetoimprove,hopefullysowillthehabitsof

humans.”在未来，口罩将继续改进，希望人类的习惯也会改善。可知，人类的习惯和口罩被寄予了希望。空

格处缺少动词过去分词形式表示被希望，希望hope。故答案填hoped。

【母题21【来源】12020•江苏省江阴市华士一模】

Whatdoyouthinkbeingbeautyreallymeans?Allanswerstothatquestionarecorrect,becausetherearenorightor

wrongreplies.Despite（不管）whatsocietytriestomakeusbelieve,thereisno“ideal“beauty.Thereareexact

standards——haircolour,oreyecolour——thatmakesomeonebeautiful.Thinkaboutit:didyouconsidersomeonetobe

reallybeautiful,butyourfrienddidn'tseeit?That'sbecausewhat'sattractivetoonepersonisn'tnecessarilygoingto

beattractivetoanother.Sohowcanwebelievethatthere'sastandardforbeauty?Itmakesnosense.

Weight-losscompaniesandclothingindustriesseemtohavemadeittheirgoaltogetusbelievethatwearenot

enoughandthatweneedallkindsofthingstobeprettier.It'snottrue!Companiessellusthisideasfortheirproducts

tomakemoney.Vmnotsayingthatbuyingbeautyproductsisbad,butwhatwouldbebadisusingthembecauseyou

feellikeyouhavetolookacertainwayinordertobe“beautifUl”.

Remember,thepeopleweartonsofmake-upandarephotoshoppedinordertolookperfect.Whenyouseeagirlwho

societyconsidersasa“greatbody”,youhavetorememberthatpeoplehavedifferentbodytypesandeveryone'sbody

isdifferent.We'reallbeautiful,whetherwe'reslim,thicksetoranywhereinbetween.Ifyouwanttoloseweight,go

ahead,butdoitinahealthywayanddoitfortherightreason—notbecauseyouwanttofitin.Beingcomfortablewith

yourselfisreallyimportant,andbeingwithotherswhoacceptyouasyouareanddon'taskyoutochangetolooka

specific（特定的）wayisimportanttoo.

Beautystandards

•Ifsnot72togiveananswertothequestion.

Whatbeing

•One'sbeautycannotbedecidedbyexactstandards.

beautifulmeans

•Peoplehave73ideasaboutbeauty.

•Weight-losscompaniesandclothingindustries74ourideasabout

beautyforthesalesoftheirproducts.

Socialfactors

•It'sbadtouseproductsinordertofitinwithacertainstand