中考英语语法复习非谓语动词

非谓语动词1.动词不定式（1）如主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。例如:Toseeistobelieve.(作主语及表语)Ishouldliketogowithyou.(作宾语)Youhavetenminutestofinishyourhomework.(作定语)Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.（作状语）（2）用动词不定式作主语时，经常用it作形式主语，例如：ItiseasyforustolearnEnglishwell.（3）如果两个或两个以上的不定式并列使用，后面的不定式往往省略to.例如：Iwantyoutostandbesidemeandholdthebooks.（4）在表示感觉的动词如see，feel,watch,hear等及表示“使役”的动词如make,let,have等后面，动词不定式省去to；在动词help后面，动词不定式可以带to，也可以不带to.例如：Food,sleepandexercisehelpchildren(to)grow.Don’tletthechildrenplaywithfire.Wewatchedhimdriveoff.(5)动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”。例如：Mr.Kingtoldhisstudentsnottotalkinclass.(6)在hadbetter后面的动词不定式不带to。例如：Youhadbetterdoitrightnow.You’dbetternotgotherewiththem.(7)动词不定式可以和疑问代词who,what,which以及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，多用作tell(告诉)，ask(问)，know(知道)，wonder(想知道)，learn(学会)，findout(发现)等动词的宾语，其作用相当于宾语从句。例如：Wearelearninghowtouseacomputer.Ishowedherwhattodowiththedirtyclothes.Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.(8)复合结构….forsb.todosth.例如：Itwaseasyformetoanswerthequestion.（作主语）Ifounditeasyformetoanswerthequestion.(作介词宾语)Therewasaneasyquestionformetoanswer.(作定语)Thequestionwaseasyformetoanswer.(作状语)2.动词-ing形式(1)可以充当其他各种成分。例如：Mycousinpracticesplayingfootballeveryday.（作宾语）Shelefttheofficewithoutsayinggood-bye.(作介词宾语)Seeingisbelieving.(作主语及表语)Mr.Greenisinthereadingroom.(作定语)Themanstandingbythedoorisourmathsteacher.(作定语)（2）只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的常见及物动词有finish、enjoy、consider、practise、miss、avoid、suggest、admit、mind、giveup、keep（on）、beusedto、bebusy、lookforwardto，payattentionto,feellike,giveup等。例如：Ienjoyplayingbasketballverymuch.Myaunthasalreadyfinishedreadingthebook.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowplease?Myfathergaveupsmokingtenyearsago.其他难点、易错点有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式todo，也可以加动名词doing,但是它们的中文意思相同，有的不同。如：remembertodo记住去做（未做）forgettodo忘记去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过（已做）forgetdoing忘记做过了某事（已做）start/begintodo开始做trytodo尽力/设法去做某事start/begindoing开始做trydoing尝试去做某事stoptodo停止正在做的事去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事*2.当谓语动词是感官动词时，其形式是：谓语动词+sb./sth.+do/doing，但用法有区别：如：watchsb.do观看某人做了某事seesb.do看见某人做了某事watchsb.doing观看某人正在做某事seesb.doing看见某人正在做某事hearsb.do听见某人做了某事findsb.do发现某人做了某事hearsb.doing听见某人正在做某事findsb.doing发现某人正在做某事*3.当感官动词和使役动词变为被动语态时，非谓语动词的形式如下：be+过去分词+todobe+过去分词+doing如：watchsb.do→bewatchedtodowatchsb.doing→bewatcheddoingseesb.do→beseentodoseesb.doing→beseendoinghearsb.do→beheardtodohearsb.doing→behearddoinglet/makesb.do→belet/madetodo练习小语选（1）OnMother’sDay,wecanhelpourmums___1___thehousework.Wecantakethemtotheparkorcinema.Though,partofthe____2___upislearningtolivewithdisagreementsinfamily,andsolvethem.Still,itisthetimeforus___3___“Thankyou”toourmums.1.A.doingB.todoC.doingD.done2.A.growB.growingC.grewD.grown3.A.tosayB.sayingC.saysD.said(2)Inschoolclubfair,theRocketClubwillteachyouhow____1____rockets.AndintheSolarPowerClub，youcanusetheremotecontrol____2_____itallaroundtheplayground.Please___3___them!1.A.tobuildB.buildingC.builtD.builds2.A.drivenB.driveC.todriveD.todrive3.A.joinB.joiningC.joinedD.joins(3)Toleadabalanceddiet.Herearesometipsforyou.Learn___1____,orstart___2____aninstrument.____3____regularexercisewillbegoodforyourhealth.1.A.topaintB.paintingC.paintedD.paints2.A.playedB.playingC.playsD.play3.A.TakingB.TakeC.TakesD.Took语法选择(1)Inmyuncle’sshop,GermanandFrench__1____.Nowapart-timeassistant___2___.Hecanteachtheassistant____3____agoodsalesman.Andheputsupanadvertisementonnewspaper____4____morepeople___5___hisneed.Inhisshop,alotofjewellery___6___.Creditcardsareaccepted.Butnodogsareallowed____7___in.Oneday,myuncleforgot____8___thedoorafterwork.Whenhe____9____dinner,hesuddenlyrealizedthat.Somediamondnecklacesweremissing.Hecalledthepoliceandislookingforwardto___10___themback.A.speakB.arespeakingC.spokenD.arespokenA.wantsB.iswantedC.wantedD.iswantingA.tobeB.beC.beingD.howwillbeA.letB.toletC.letsD.lettingA.knowB.toknowC.knowsD.knowingA.areboughtandsoldB.arebuyingandsellingC.buyandsellD.boughtandsold7.A.tocomeB.comeC.comingD.comes8.A.lockingB.tolockC.lockedD.lock9.A.washavingB.washadC.hasD.hashad10.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.gets(2)Therearetimesinourliveswhenweremember.Rememberingthegoodthingsofthepast____1___themostprecious(宝贵的)treasure.Thesememoriesarealways___2____mymind.

WhenIwasfouryearsold,Ioftenwenttoakindergarten.Ihadmanytoysandfriendsthatmademe___3___.Theteacherswerekindandfriendly.Theytaughtusmanyinterestingsongsandgames.

Weplayedalldaylong.Wedidnotknowwhat___4___wasatthattime,butwewerelearningeveryday.

WhenIwassevenyearsold,Istarted____5____toprimaryschool.IwasveryexcitedbecauseIbecameaschoolstudentandbegantolearnschoolsubjects.MyfavoritesubjectwasScience.Iremember,___6___thefirstday,ourscienceteachertoldusthesunislikeabigfireballandthatitisvery,veryfaraway.Nobodycan___7___closetothat"ball".Wewerequitesurprisedandkeptourmouths___8____.Webegantowonderaboutthe___9___oftheuniverse.Lateron,moreideas___10___weather,planes,railways,wildlife,desertsandevenpollutioncametoourears.Webegantolearn___11____.

WhenIwasabouttenyearsold,I____12____quitealotofthings.Ibegantoreadnewspapers,keepadiary,visitmuseumsand_____13____manyfriends.Everydaywasnew.Everydaywasinterestingandexciting.

NowIaminmiddleschool.Eachdayisnewtome.Iamstilllearninghappily.____14___islikeajourneytome.Ihavefinishedthefirstpart,butthereisstillalongwayforme____15___.IhopeIwillbecomealearnedpersonsomeday.1.A.isB.areC.wasD.were2.A.atB.withC.inD.on3.A.laughB.laughsC.tolaughD.laughing4.A.learnB.learningC.learnsD.learned5.A.goB.wentC.togoD.togoing6.A.onB.atC.inD.of7.A.staysB.stayingC.stayedD.stay8.A.openingB.opensC.openedD.open9.A.lengthB.widthC.sizeD.age10.A.aboutB.intoC.withD.at11.A.quickB.quicklyC.slowD.slowly12.A.knowsB.knowingC.knewD.know13.A.makeB.tomakeC.makesD.making14.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearntD.Learned15.A.togoingB.goingC.togoD.goes(3)Undoubtedly,everyonehasoneormorefriendsinhisorherdailylife.Someonemaycomeacrossthefactthatoneofhisfriendsborrowssomemoney____1___himbutdoesn’treturn___2___intime.Atthistime,hemustbefacedwiththequestionhow___3___hisfriendtoreturnhismoney,___4___personorbywritingaletter?IfIwereforced____5____oneofthetwo,Iwouldpreferthelatter.OnceIreceivedaletterfromoneofmyfriends___6___,inwhichheaskedme____7____hismoneyinapoliteway.Inmyopinion,theletterdoesn’thurtme.Instead,ithelpsmetogetalongwithmyfriend___8___thaneverbefore.IfIhadn’treceivedhisletter,itwould___9___ourfriendshiponlybecauseofsomemoney.AsfarasIamconcerned,everyonesuffers___10___thestrain(压力)ofmodernlife.Ifyoudropinonyourfriendjustbecauseyouwanttogetyourmoneyback,itwillhurtyourfriendandobviouslyhurtyourrelationship.However,akindletternotonlycansolvetheproblemthatupsetsyou,butalsocanfurtherdevelopyourrelationship.1.A.fromB.toC.ofD.at2.A.thatB.itC.themD.this3.A.askingB.toaskC.asksD.wasasked4.A.atB.onC.overD.in5.A.tochoosingB.choseC.tochooseD.chosen6.A.luckilyB.quietlyC.excitedlyD.unexpectedly7.A.returnsB.toreturnC.returningD.returned8.A.closeB.closelyC.morecloselyD.closer9.A.haveruinedB.ruinedC.ruinsD.ruined10.A.toC.withC.atD.from完成句子1.从现在开始，汤姆已经决定不再欺负人了。Tomhasdecided____________________________othersfromnowon.2.格林先生告诉我不要在街道上玩耍。Mr.Greentoldme_______________________