2022年辽宁省抚顺市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）

2022年辽宁省抚顺市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总（含答案）学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Rightnow,thelawscanonlysummarizecommonsenseprinciplessoasto______.

A.dealwithpossiblerobot-relatedlawsuits

B.limitthenumberofrobotsproduction

C.monitorthedisposalofdangerousrobots

D.reducethechanceofinjurycausedbyrobots

2.

Thatriversareusedasopensewersforcitywastescauses______andeutrophication.

3.

Inourworld,anystoryofthiskindmakespeople______.

4.

RuthJarvisrecommendsridingonahorseasmuchaspossiblebecauseitgivesyoumoreopportunitiestodiscoverthelocalcultureandgetasenseofacity'slayout.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

The"WildGoose",whichwasbeingtowed,wassuddenlycoveredbyamistandpulledunderwater.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Schoolsbothfocusonscholastic,professionalskillsandonfinancialskills.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Somecollegesadmitless-qualifiedboystudentsovermore-qualifiedgirlsinorderto______.

A.encouragemoreboystoIvyLeagueschools

B.fightagainsttheUSCommissiononCivilRights

C.removetheimbalancebetweengenders

D.helptheboysgetbettereducation

8.

Organicfoodisnotnecessarilybetterthanconventionalfoodintermsofnutrition,safetyortaste.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

TheBibletellspeoplehowJesuswasbetrayed,accusedandcondemnedtodeath.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare__________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

11.

Theactualconditioniscontrarytothepopularbeliefintermsof_______.Whenitcomestotheaffluenceoftheincomeonthedemand.

12.

Suiciderateisparticularlyhighamongyoungaboriginalmenastheyhavetostruggleagainstnotonlyemploymentandpovertybutalso______.

13.

Inearthquake,longwaveisthemainsourceofdamagebecauseitcausestheshakeof______.

14.

Physicaltroubles,suchas______,maybethereasonsforchildren'scomplaint.

15.

Mosttsunamisaretriggeredbyearthquakesbeneaththeseaandonlyafewbyearthquakesalongcoastlines.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Underthepressureandstressfromtheircareersandchildren,adultchildrentendto______.

A.pushtheirparentstogroupliving

B.dependontheirretiredparents

C.visittheirparentslessandlessoften

D.seekforpsychologicalconsultation

17.

Theexistingsatellitesarenotgoodatdetectingthethicknessoftheicepartlybecausetheorbitsofsatelliteswith______donotcovereveryportionoftheocean.

18.Kunzgaveupsoftwareengineeringmainlybecauseheearnedlessthanthoseinlaworbusinessfielddid.

19.

AccordingtoArthurKrieger,wecanlearnthat______.

A.Hewouldliketoreplacetheoldbatteryfornewone.

B.Hewouldratherbuyanewcarthanreplacebattery.

C.Hewantstousethelatestbattery.

D.Hecomplainsthehighcostofreplacingbattery.

20.

In2025,halfoftoday'spopulationwillbeinshortageofwater.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(36)

A.Becauseit'sshining.

B.Becauseit'srare.

C.Becauseit'sexpensive.

D.Becauseitcamefromancienttimes.

22.

【B5】

23.(29)

A.Itcalculatesthetotalpriceofpurchasesbythecardholderduringthemonth.

B.Itsendsthecardholderabill.

C.Itsendsthecardholderacheck.

D.BothAandB.

24.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：W：Iwanttobookapackagetour．I'dliketostopoverfivedaysineitherIrelandorSpain．

M：YoucallhavefivedaysinIrelandorFranceifyouwish．

Q：Whattravelplanswillthewomanprobablymake?

(12)

A.ShewillspendfivedaysinIreland.

B.Shewillhaveapackagetourwithlotsofstopover.

C.Shewilltakealongertrip.

D.ShewillspendfivedaysinFrance.

25.(42)

26.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytoremembera【B1】______fromthelasttimetheyhadasimilarproblem.Theyoftenacceptthe【B2】______orideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;theytrytofindasolutionby【B3】______anderror.However,whenallthese【B4】______fail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing.Therearesix【B5】______inanalyzingaproblem.

First,thepersonmust【B6】______thatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Sam'sbicycleis【B7】______,andhecannotrideittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Next,thethinkermust【B8】______theproblem.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustfindthereasonwhyitdoesnotwork.Forinstance,【B9】______Hemusttakehisproblemmorespecific.【B10】______.Forinstance,supposeSamdecidedthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththegearwheels.Atthistime,hecanlookinhisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutgears.Hecantalktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.Hecanlookathisgearscarefully.【B11】______.TakeSamasanillustration.Hissuggestionsmightbe:putoilonthegearwheels;buynewgearwheelsandreplacetheoldones;tightenorloosenthegearwheels.

【B1】

27.听力原文：Currentstudiesshowthatwhatgoesonlabelsisanimportantconsiderationformanufacturers,sincemorethanseventypercentofshoppersreadfoodlabelswhenconsideringwhethertobuyaproduct.

Arecentcontroversyastowhetherlabelsonpreparedfoodsshouldeducateormerelyinform.theconsumerisover,andaconsumergroupgotitsway.Thegrouphadmaintainedthatproductlabelsshoulddomorethansimplylisthowmanygramsofnutrientsafoodcontains.Theircontentionwasthatlabelsshouldalsofistthepercentageofaday'stotalnutrientsthattheproductwillsupplytotheconsumer,becausethisinformationisessentialinplanningahealthydiet.

Agovernmentagencydisagreedstrongly,favoringlabelthatmerelyinformstheconsumer,inotherwords,alabelthatonlyliststhecontentsoftheproduct.Theagencymaintainedthatconsumerscoulddecideforthemselvesifthefoodisnutritiousandismeetingtheirdailyneeds.

Theconsumergroup,insupportingitscase,hadcitedasurveyinwhichshopperswereshownafoodlabel,andwerethenaskediftheywouldneedmoreorlessofacertainnutrientaftereatingaservingofthisproduct.Theshopperswerenotabletoanswerthequestionseasilywhentheywerenotgivenaspecificpercentage.

Thisstudy,andothershelpedgetthenewregulationpassed,andnowfoodproductsmusthavethemoredetailedlabels.

(33)

A.Lessthan68%.B.About50%.C.Over70%.D.Around45%.

28.(26)

A.Lotsofstudentsdon'ttakehealthinsuranceseriously.

B.Manystudentsthinkabouthealthinsurancerightbeforetheygoabroad.

C.Thewomanshouldn'tconsiderhealthinsuranceuntilshegetsillinhospital.

D.Thewomandoesn'thaveenoughmoneyfortuition.

29.

【B3】

30.听力原文：W:Ohdear,whatanawfulweekend!

M:Couldn'tbeworse!

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Theyhadahappyweekend.

B.Itwasnotsobadasthewomanthought.

C.Thewoman'shealthisgettingworse.

D.Heagreeswiththewoman.

31.(28)

A.House.B.Car.C.Familyalbum.D.Petsandchildren.

32.听力原文：W:I'dlikereallytogototheconcerttonight,butIdon'tknowifIcouldsparethetime.

M:Musicalwaysrelaxingme.Itmightbeworthitinalongrum.

Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

(17)

A.Goingtotheconcerttonight.

B.Goingtotheconcertlater.

C.Goingtotheconcertafterawhile.

D.Goingtotheconcertinalongrun.

33.听力原文：M:Thisisridiculous.I'vebeenwaitingformymealformorethanhalfanhour,butstillIhavenothingtoeat.Iamstarvingtodeath!Canyouexpeditemyorderfirst?

W:Iknow.Butyousee,therestaurantisfullandweareshorthandedtoday.Wearequiteexhausted.Sorryforthat.

Q:Howdoesthemanfeel?

(13)

A.Heiscurious.

B.Heisimpatient.

C.Heisexhausted.

D.Heissatisfied.

34.

【B6】

35.听力原文：W:Oh,Rex,Ihavebeenlookingforyouforhours.Wherehaveyoubeen?

M:Hi,Judie.Iwentshoppingwithmyfriend.What'sup?

W:Ihavethisgreatjoblineduptomanagethebookstoreatthemall.

M:Fantastic!Youknowwhat.I'veappliedfurthatposition,too.ButIwasrejected.You'resolucky.Sowhat'stheproblem?

W:Well,oneofmyprofessorsinmydepartmentjusttoldmeaboutawinterinternshipprogramthat'savailable.HethinksImightbeabletointernintheofficeoftheIBMbranchhereintown.

M:Thatsoundslikeagreatopportunitytoo.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Whynottakeadvantageofit?

W:I'dloveto,especiallyasI'mstudyingcomputerscience.Itwouldbeagreatwaytogetsomepracticalexperienceinmyfield.

M:Andyouneverknow,itmightleadtosomethingwiththemaftergraduation.Theyareoneofthebiggestcompaniesintheworld.IBM!That'smydreamcompany!

W:You'reright.Butthedrawback,isIwouldn'tbemakingnearlyasmuchmoneyasIwouldbeworkinginthebookstore,nottomentionthediscountIcouldgetonbooksthere.

M:Forgetaboutthemoney!We'retalkingaboutyourfuturehere.

W:Yes.Iknow.But...

M:Howmuchistheinternshippaid?

W:Theypaytheirinternshipabout＄600forthewholewinterholidayandgivefreeroomandboardfortheholiday.

M:Well,ifIwereyou,Iwouldtaketheinternshipanyway.Youcouldalwaysgetajobduringtheschoolyearnextyeartomakeafewextrabucks.

(20)

A.Shecan'tfindajob.

B.Shedoesn'tknowhowtomanageabookstore.

C.ShewantstoquithercurrentjobintheIBMoffice.

D.Shehasnoideawhichofthetwojoboffersisbetter.

36.(34)

A.Informationinshort-termmemoryisdifferentfromthatinlong-termmemoryonlyincontent.

B.Long-termmemorycanbeachievedonlybytraining.

C.Itiseasiertotestshort-termmemorythanlong-termmemory.

D.Henninggaveatestonvocabularytohissubjects.

37.听力原文：W:Ourrentisnowalready＄800amonth.

M:Iknow.It'sexactlyone-thirdmorethanitwaswhenwefirstmovedin.

Q:Howmuchrenthadbeenpaidatfirst?

(16)

A.＄450.B.＄750.C.＄600.D.＄800.

38.(45)

39.(16)

A.He'sbeentoobusytocleanhisroom.

B.Cleaningisthelastthinghewantstodo.

C.Hehasn'tcleanedhisroomsinceLindavisitedhim.

D.Lindaistheonlypersonwhoevercomestoseehim.

40.

【B4】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Itcanbeguessedthattheauthorismostprobablya______.

A.naturalistB.doctorC.journalistD.hotelmanager

42.

Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose______.

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

43.

WhatmadeAngelsandDemonssellwell?

A.BecauseithadthesameprotagonistasTheDaVinciCode.

B.BecauseitwaspublishedearlierthanTheDaVinciCode.

C.BecauseitwasDanBrown'sfirststory.

D.BecauseitwaswrittenbyDanBrown.

44.

Definingthemeaningof"happiness"isaperplexingpropositionbecauseitisverydifficultto______.

45.

WhendidthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersbegintobetwiceasproductiveasthecounterpartsintheUnitedStates?

46.

Themostimportantcharacterexclusivetohumanbeingsis______.

A.humorB.courageC.determinationD.initiative

47.

AccordingtoPeterTurchinandWalterScheide,whichshallbereliedontosolvethedispute?

A.Amateurantiquitieshunters.

B.metaldetectors.

C.claypots.

D.silvercoins.

48.Hereamidthesteelandconcretecanyons,greengrassgrows.Ahawthorntree(山楂树)standsinnewsoil,andfreshlydugplantsbendinthewind.

ButChicagoCityHallhereseemsanunlikelyspotforagardenofanyvariety—especially20,000squarefeetofgardens—unitsroof.

Asoneofahandfulofsimilarprojectsaroundthecountry,thegardenispartofa$1.5milliondemonstrationprojectedbythecitytoreduceits"urbanheatislands",saidWilliamAbolt,thecommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironment.

Heatislandsdarksurfacesinthecity,likerooftops—soakupheat.Theretentioncanbakeabuilding,makingitstubborntocooling.

TheroofofCityHall,a90-year-oldgraystonelandmarkonLaSalleStreetintheheartofdowntown,hasbeenknowntoreachtemperaturesubstantiallyhotterthantheactualtemperatureonthestreetbelow.

Thegardenwillprovidegreeneryandshade."Andthat,"saidthecityofficials,"willsavethecitydollarsonthoseblisteringsummerdays."Theprojectsavingsfromcoolingisabout$4,000ayearonanewroofwhoselifespanisabout50percentlongerthanthatofatraditionalroof.

Thesprawlingopen-airrooftopgardenisbeingcarefullybuiltonamulti-tieredbedofspecialsoil,polystyrene,egg-carton-shapedconesand"waterproofmembrane"malltokeeptherooffromleaking,orcavingunder.thenormalcombinedweightofsoil,rainandplantlife.

Thedesigncallsforsoildepthsof4inchesto18inches.Whenthelastplantsandseedlingsareburiedandthelastbitofcompostislaid,thegardenwillhavecircularbrickstepping-stoneswindinguptohills.

"TheprimaryfocusofwhatwewanttodowastoestablishthislaboratoryonthetopofCityHalltogetpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironmentandhowthelittlethingscanmakeanimpactonthequalityoflife",Mr.Aboltsaid,addingthattheplantsalsohelptocleartheair.

Rooftopgardens,inplaceswhereconcretejungleshaveerasedplantsandtrees,arenotnew,noteveninChicago.Armsofgreenerydanglingoverterracesorsproutingfromrooftops,commoninEurope,arebecomingmoresointheUnitedStatesaspeoplebecomeincreasinglyconsciousabouttheenvironment.

RichardM.Daley,whourgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookintotheprojectafter,noticingrooftopgardensinHamburg,Germanyafewyearsago,haspraisedthegardenasthefirstofitskindonapublicbuildinginthecountry.

Itwillholdthousandsofplantsinmorethan150species—wildonionandbutterflyweed,sky-blueasterandbuffalograss—toprovidedataonwhatspeciesadaptbest.Smallplantsrequiringshallowsoildepthswerechieflyselected.

Therooftopgardenproject______.

A.iscommonandpopularinthecountry

B.isademonstrationprojectandcoststhecitygovernment1.5milliondollars

C.willmaketheordinarycoolingdownofthecityinsummerunnecessary

D.aimsatgettingpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironment

49.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthepresentswinefluviruses?

A.Thevirusescaninfectdifferentspecies.

B.Thegenesofthevirusescomefrompigs.

C.Thevirusesmixgenesfromdifferentspecies.

D.Thegenesofthevirusesweremadeartificially.

50.(56)

51.

【C7】

52.

Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat______.

A.nearly120peoplediebecauseofthetrafficaccidentseveryyearinNorway

B.trafficproblemscanbecoveredbythemediasuchasradioandnewspapernow

C.theethicalproblemsarearesultoftheincompetentadministrationofthecountry

D.Parliamentshouldtakealltheresponsibilityforthesafetyoftraffic

53.

WhatresultdidthecowthathadBSEproduce?

A.TheAmerica'scattleindustrycloseddown.

B.180000cattlewereinfectedandslaughtered.

C.Nearly150peoplediedfromthisfataldisease.

D.BritainalsodiagnosedacaseofBSEinthesametime,

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Nowadays,nodocumentissafeanymore.Counterfeiting,oncethedomainofskilleddeceiversthatusedexpensiveengravingandprintingequipment,hasgonemainstreamsincethepriceofdesktop-publishingsystemshasdropped.Inancienttimes,counterfeitingwasahangingoffence.Today,desktopcounterfeitershavelittlereasontoworryaboutprison,becausethesystemstheyuseareubiquitous(普遍存在的)andthereisnomeansoftracingforgeddocumentstothemachinethatproducedthem.This,however,maysoonchangethankstotechnologydevelopmentbyGeorgeChiu,ananti-counterfeitingengineer.

Hisapproachisbasedondetectingimperfectionsintheprintqualityofdocuments.Old-schoolcourtscientistswereabletotracedocumentstoparticulartypewritersbasedonquirks(沟槽)oftheindividualkeys.Heemploysasimilarapproach,exploitingthefactthattherotating(转动)drumsandmirrorsinsideaprinterareimperfectpiecesofengineeringwhich,leaveuniquepatternsofbandingintheirproducts.

Althoughthesepatternsareinvisibletothenakedeye,theycanbedetectedandanalyzedbycomputerprograms,anditisthesethatDr.Chiuhasspentthepastyeardevising.Sofar,hecannottraceindividualprinters,buthecantellprettyreliablywhichmakeandmodelofprinterwasusedtocreateadocument.

That,however,isonlythebeginning.Whileitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillbepossibletotraceacounterfeitdocumentbacktoitsguiltycreatoronthebasisofmanufacturingimperfections,Dr.Chiuisnowworkingoutwaystomakethoseimperfectionsdeliberate.Hewantstomodifytheprintingprocesssothatunique,invisiblesignaturescanbeincorporatedintoeachmachineproducedwhichwouldmakeanydocumenttraceable.

Ironically,itwasafteryearsofcollaboratingwithprintingcompaniestoreducebandingandthusincreasethequalityofprints,thatheCameupwiththeideaofintroducingartificialbandingthatcouldencodeidentificationinformationintoadocument.Usingthebandingpatternsofprinterstosecuredocumentswouldbebothcheaptoimplementandhard,ifnotimpossible,forthosewithoutspecialistknowledgeandhardwaretoevade.

Notsurprising,theAmericanSecretServiceismonitoringtheprogressofthisresearchveryclosely,andisprovidingguidelinestohelpDr.Chintotravelinwhattheservicethinksistherightdirection,whichisfineforcatchingcriminals.ButhowthelegitimateusersofprinterswillreacttoBigBrotherbeingabletotrackanydocumentbacktohissourceremainstobeseen.

Bysayingnodocumentissafeanymore,theauthorprobablymeans______.

A.affordableprintersmakesitpossibleforanyonetoforgedocuments

B.theAmericanSecretServicewillbeabletotraceanydocument

C.everyprinteddocumentwillbesecretlymarkedoutthroughhigh-tech

D.counterfeitershavemoreadvancedtechnologytouse

55.AccordingtoSueMcMahon,whyareteachersincreasinglyanxious?

A.Theyreceivelesssupportfromthegovernment.

B.Studentsarebecomingmoredifficulttodealwith.

C.Thegovernmentmakesgreatdemandsonteachers.

D.Theyfindnowaytoescapethepressuresoflife.

56.

HechehasshownherexceptionaltalentsinmanyfieldsEXCEPTin______.

A.singingB.theatreC.actingD.writing

57.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecomingterrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestpersonsbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroadmonster,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora"BeKindtoOtherDrivers"campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgmentinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerance,whichissonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverswhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagethatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoretake-and-giveonthepartofallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

Accordingtothepassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby______.

58.Whyshouldn'tsecuritymeasuresdependentirelyonmachines?

59.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthosewhoworkinlargecitiesandliveinsmallvillages?

A.Arrogant.B.Original.C.Insensitive.D.Quiet.

60.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Youseethemeverywhere:harriedparentshaulingtheirlittleonesofftoclassesinMandarin,gymnasticsorclassicalviolin.Athome,they'refillingnurserieswith"educational"rattles(响尾蛇)andmobiles.It'sallforaworthygoal:makingthemostofthefirstthreeyearsoflife,whencriticalchangesinbrainstructuredeterminewhetherlittleMadisonorMatthewwillonedayentertheIvyLeague.Atleastthatiswhatagrowingnumberofparentshavebeenledtobelieve.Sadly,itmayallbeawasteoftimeandmoney.

A1994reportbytheCarnegieCorporationledtothecreationofavastmarketingeffortaimedatparentsofyoungchildren.Thereport,called"StartingPoints",usedneuroscience(神经科学)tomakethecaseformorefederallyfundedservicesforinfantsandtoddlersbyproclaimingthatbraindevelopmentinthewombandduringthefirstyearoflife"ismorerapidandextensivethanwepreviouslyrealized."Althoughthesciencewasactuallyquitelimited—andtherewascertainlynoproofthattoysorvideoscouldmakebabiessmarter—thereporthelpedfocusnationalattentionontheearlyyears.

Italsoinspiredactor-directorRobReiner,wholaunchedacampaigntoconvinceparentsandpolicymakersthatmoremoneyshouldgotonurturingdevelopmentduringtheearlyyears.Reinerarguedthatfocusingon"theprismofzeroto3"couldsolveavastrangeofsocietalills:teenpregnancy,drugabuse,crime.HefoundaneagerallyinHillaryClinton,whoconvenedthe1997WhiteHouseConferenceonEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentandLearning.Beforetheconference,bothTimeandNewsweekpublishedmajorstoriesonthetopicandABCranaprime-timespecial.Thehighlypublicizedconferenceplayedamajorroleinpopularizingtheideaofacritical"window"thatwouldslamshutonthethirdbirthday.Anditpersuadedstatesandthefederalgovernmenttospendmillionsonnewprogramsforbabiesandtoddlers.

Bythistime,eagerentrepreneurshadalsospottedauniqueopportunity.CompanieswithnameslikeBabyEinstein,BrainyBaby,BabyProdigy(神童)andBabyGeniusbecamepartofanimportantindustry.However,scientistssaythemoneyspentontheseeducationaltoysmightbebetteroffinacollegesavingsaccount.Therecentneuroscienceresearchindicatesthatthebraincontinuestogrowanddevelop"wellintooldage".Ontheotherhand,overstimulationmakesbabies(andadults)anxious.

InsteadofMandarinlessons,researcherssayparentswouldbebetteroffspendingmoretimetalking,singing,readingandplayingwiththeirbabiesandtoddlers.Nospecialequipmentisrequired.Affectionateinteractionhelpskidsdeveloplanguageandsocialskills.ItmaynotbeatickettoHarvard,butit'scertainlyagreatstart.

In1994,theCarnegieCorporationreleasedareportto______.

A.advocatetheimportanceoftheearly-yeareducation

B.developtheeducationmarketforparentsandchildren

C.emphasizeparent'swiseinvestmentonchildren

D.explainindetailthescienceonnetworksofnerves

四、5.ErrorCorrection(5题)61.

【S6】

62.

【S3】

63.

【S9】

64.

【S10】

65.

【S4】

五、6.Translation(5题)66.Facingthefiercecompetition,__________________(一些学校诉诸于招聘海外教师).

67.Evenifyou'rebestinclass,______________________________(要保持成绩也得常常温习功课才行).

68.Ishouldhavegonetovisithiminthehotel，______(但上周我都安排得满满的)．

69.Sheoftencomplainsabout______(自己在工作上不受赏识).

70.Hethinksthatpeople_____(应该团结起来不惜一切代价粉碎恐怖分子的计划)

参考答案

1.D解析：在四个选项中，只有选项D是对原文该段第2句中的minimizetheriskofcausinginjury的近义改写，为本题答案。

2.thedirectdegradationofwaterqualitythedirectdegradationofwaterquality解析：该句中的Ineffect,riversareusedasopensewersformunicipalwastes,whichresultsnotonlyinthedirectdegradationofwaterqualitybutalsoineutrophication.明确指出了把河流当作开放的下水道会引起的问题，答案可直接得出。

3.thinkofdrinkthinkofdrink解析：由文章倒数第六段第一句话可直接得知答案。

4.C

5.A解析：从文章中的此句"Anothership，the'WildG