2023届广东省佛山市高三下学期英语5月仿真题试卷及答案

高三下学期英语5月仿真题试卷一、阅读理解(共15小题；每题2.5分，总分值37.5分)1.阅读理解Everyyearacommunityinsomepartoftheworldisdestroyedbyflooding.Indeed,floodingcanhappenanywhereitrains.Thereishope,however.Architectsandcivilengineershavedevelopedpromisingtechnologiesforfloodcontrol.Andyes,engineeringcanbebeautiful.TheThamesBarrierinEnglandTheThamesBarrieristhesecondlargestflooddefencebarrierintheworld.Madeofsteel,watergatesontheThamesBarrierarenormallyleftopensoshipscanpassthrough.Then,asneeded,thewatergatesshuttostopwaterflowingthroughandtokeeptheThamesRiversafe.TheThamesBarrierhas10steelgates.Themaingatesstandashighasa5-storeybuilding.

Eachmaingateweighs3,300tonnes.TheThamesBarriergateswereconstructedbetween1974and1984andhavebeenclosedtopreventfloodsmorethan100times.RedSluiceGateinJapanToprotectareasonthecoastandalongJapan'srapidly-flowingrivers,thenation'sengineershavedevelopedacomplexsystemofcanalsandflood-gatelocks(水闸).RedSluiceGatewasdesignedin1924byaJapanesearchitectwhoalsoworkedonthePanamaCanal.Itispoweredbyautomated"water-drive"motors.Suchmotorsdon'tneedelectricitytorun,sotheyaren'taffectedbypowerfailuresthatcanoccurduringstorms.Itcontributedgreatlytopreventingfloodsuntil1982whenanewsluicegatewascompleted.TheRedSluiceGatewasnolongerusedbutremainsanimpressivesight.TheHagesteinWeirintheNetherlandsCompletedinabout1960,theHagesteinWeirisoneofthreemovabledams,alongtheRhineRiverintheNetherlands.TheHagesteinWeirhastwoenormousarchedgatestocontrolwaterandgeneratepower.Spanning54meters,thegatesarestoredintheupposition.

DamsandwaterbarrierslikeHagesteinWeirhavebecomemodelsforwatercontrolengineersaroundtheworld.MOSEinVeniceWithitsfamouscanals,Venice,Italyisawell-knownwaterycity.Globalwarmingthreatensitsveryexistence.Sincethe1980s,officialshavebeenpouringmoneyintotheMOSEproject,aseriesof78barriersthatcanrisecollectivelyorindependentlyacrossthelagoonopeningandcurtailtherisingwatersoftheAdriaticSea.〔1〕WhatdoweknowabouttheThamesBarrier?A.Itisthelargestwaterbarrierintheworld

B.Itswatergatesareopenatanormaltime.

C.Ittookmorethan10yearstoconstruct.

D.Itstenwatergatesweigh3,300tonnes.〔2〕WhatisaspecialfeatureofRedSluiceGateinJapan?A.Itisstillinoperation.

B.Itstillworkswithpowercut.

C.Itisthemostimpressivesight.

D.ItwasdesignedbyanarchitectfromPanama.〔3〕Whatisthecommonfunctionofthe4constructions?A.Toproduceelectricity.

B.Toadvancetechnology.

C.Topromotetourism.

D.Tocontrolflood.2.阅读理解Norwood,ajuniorHighSchoolstudent,wasdrivingthreefriendshomeinSt.Petersburg,whenanotherdrivercrashedintoherfromherleftandmadehercarhitthetree.Theimpactjammedshutthedriver'ssidedoor,soNorwoodclimbedoutthefrontwindow.Twoofherfriendsmanagedtogetoutofthecarunharmed,buther16-year-oldfriendZarriadidn't.SherunbacktothecaronlytofindZarriawasjustsittingtherereactionless.Alotofpeoplestartedtogatheraroundtoseewhatwashappening.Norwoodstartedyelling,"Backup,backup,sheneedsspace."NorwoodpulledZarriaoutofthebackseat,avoidingbrokenglassfromthewindow."That'swhenIcheckedherpulseonherneck.Iputmyheadagainstherchest,andIdidn'treallyhearnothing.Sothat'swhenIjuststarteddoingCPRonher."Norwoodtoldthereporter.Afterthe30compressionsandtworescuebreaths,Zarriaregainedconsciousness.Ambulancequicklyarrivedandrushedhertothehospitaltoreceivemedicalhelp.WhenMiller,Norwood'shighschoolteacher,learnedthatNorwoodsavedafriendjust

onedayaftercompletingCPRtraining,shewasatalossofwordsandsoproud.Norwoodparticipatesintheschool'sAthleticLifestyleManagementAcademy(ALMA).Theprogrampreparesstudentsforvariouscareersinhealthscience."Wedovitalsignsandtheylearnhowtotakebloodpressureandcheckpulse."Millerintroduced.AndanotheroneoftheskillslearnedisCPR."Therearetwocomponents,ahands-onskillscomponentwheretheyhavetodemonstratethatthey'reabletodoCPRwell,andthenthere'sawrittentestcomponent,showingthattheyrememberthatknowledge."ThankstoNorwood'squickthinking,Zarriaisrecoveringwell.Shealsoisn'tsurprisedbyherfriend'sactions."Shewillalwayshelpanywayshecan,soIwasn'treallyshockedaboutthat."〔1〕WhathappenedtoNorwoodandherfriendsontheirwayhome?A.Theylosttheirway.

B.Theysufferedacaraccident.

C.Theycrashedintoanothercar.

D.Theywerestuckinatrafficjam.〔2〕WhatdidNorwooddofirstwhenfindingZarriareactionless?A.Togiveherfirstaid.

B.Toaskpeopleforhelp.

C.Tocallambulanceatonce.

D.Tosendhertohospitalimmediately.〔3〕WhatcanweinferabouttheALMA?A.Itnormallylastsforoneday.

B.Itisformedicalstudentsonly.

C.Itfocusesonboththeoryandpractice.

D.Ittrainsstudentstoliveahealthylifestyle.〔4〕WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNorwood?A.Considerateandflexible.

B.Kindandambitious.

C.Hardworkingandclever.

D.Braveandcalm.3.阅读理解Masksthathelpedsavelivesduringthecoronaviruspandemicareprovingadeadlythreatforwildlife.Macaques(猕猴)havebeenspottedchewingthestrapsoffoldandtossed-asidemasksinthehillsoutsideMalaysia'scapitalKualaLumpur—apotentialchokingthreatforthediminutivemonkeys.AndinanincidentthatcapturedheadlinesinBritain,agull(海鸥)wasrescuedbytheRSPCAinthecityofChelmsfordafteritslegsbecametangled(缠绕)inthestrapsofadisposable(一次性的)maskforuptoaweek.Theanimalwelfarecharitywasalertedafterthebirdwasspotted,motionlessbutstillalive,andtheytookittoawildlifehospitalfortreatmentbeforeitsrelease.Thebiggestimpactmaybeinthewater,withgreengroupsalarmedatthefloodofusedmasks,latex(乳胶)glovesandotherprotectivegearfindingtheirwayintoalreadypollutedseasandrivers.ConservationistsinBrazilfoundoneinsidethestomachofapenguinafteritsbodywasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfishwasdiscoveredcaughtinsideanotheroffthecoastofMiami.FrenchcampaignersOperationMerProprefoundadeadcrabtrappedinamaskinasaltwaterlagoonneartheMediterraneaninSeptember.Masksandglovesare"particularlyproblematic"forseacreatures,saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistfromUS-basedNGOOceanConservancy."Whenthoseplasticsbreakdownintheenvironment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles.Thoseparticlesthenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems,"headded.Therehasbeenashifttowardsgreateruseofreusableclothmasks,butmanyarestillchoosingthelightersingle-usevarieties.Campaignershaveurgedpeopletothrowthemawayproperlyandcutthestrapstoreducetheriskofanimalsbecomingtrapped.OceansAsiahasalsocalledongovernmentstoincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.〔1〕Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Seriousincidentsofwildlifehunting.

B.Scientificresearchintowildlifelivinghabits.

C.Howwildlifeisaffectedbydisposablemasks.

D.Howhumanbeingsprotectendangeredwildlife.〔2〕Howdomasksendangerseaanimals?A.Seaanimalsmaygettwistedbymasks.

B.Seaanimalscan'tfindtheirwayhome.

C.Seaanimalshavedifficultiesinfindingfood.

D.Seaanimalsareforcedtoleavetheirhabitats.〔3〕Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A.Puttingbansonsingle-usemasks.

B.Gettingridofusedmasksproperly.

C.Givingmaskproducersheavyfines.

D.Reducingtheriskofwashablemasks.〔4〕Whichsectionsofthenewspapercanthispassagebefound?A.Business.

B.Education.

C.Lifestyle.

D.Environment.4.阅读理解In1973,MarkGranovetter,asociologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,publishedapaperentitledTheStrengthofWeakTies.Itwentontobecomeoneofthemostinfluentialsociologypapersofalltime.Untilthenscholarshadassumedthatanindividual'swell-beingdependedmainlyonthequalityofrelationshipswithclosefriendsandfamily.Granovettershowedthatquantitymatters,too.Hecategoriesaperson'ssocialworldas"strongties"and"weakties".Hiscentralinsightwasthatfornewmessagesandideas,weaktiesaremoreimportanttousthanstrongones.AsGranovetterpointedout,thepeoplewhomweoftentalktoswiminthesamepoolofinformationaswedo.Wedependonacquaintanceswhomweseeinfrequentlytobringusnewsofopportunities.ThiswastheideabehindthePixarbuilding,thedesignofwhichwasmadebySteveJobs.Thebuildinghasalargecentralhallthroughwhichallemployeeshavetopassseveraltimesaday.Jobswantedcolleaguestorunintoeachother,grabcoffeeandhaveachat.Hebelievedinthepoweroftheseseeminglyrandomconversationstofireupcreativity.Encounterswithweaktiescanbegoodforourmentalwellbeing,too.GillianSandstrom,aseniorlecturerinpsychologyattheUniversityofEssex,investigatedtheextenttowhichpeoplegethappinessfromweak-tierelationships.Shefoundthatondayswhenaparticipanthadagreaternumberofcasualinteractionswithweakties–say,aneighbour,amemberofyogaclass–theyexperiencedmorehappinessandagreatersenseofbelonging.Forallthesereasons,weshouldcontinuetotryandfindwaystocultivateweak-tierelationships.Sandstromaddsthatwecanalsoengageinmoreweak-tie-styleinteractionswithourstrongties.Thegoalistoletothersknowyouarethinkingofthemwithoutaskingforagreatdealoftime,energyorattention.〔1〕WhydoesGranovetterthinkweaktiesaremoreimportant?A.Theyaresmallerinnumber.

B.Theyformsamecircleoffriends.

C.Theyaresourcesofnewinformation.

D.Theyarerelatedtoclosefriendsandfamily.〔2〕Whichofthefollowingcanbecategorizedasweakties?A.Neighbors.

B.Bestfriends.

C.Parents.

D.Husbandorwife.〔3〕WhatisthefunctionofthecentralhallinPixarbuilding?A.Ithelpsstaffbuildfriendship.

B.Itallowsstafftohaveabreak.

C.Itencouragesstafftomeetandchat.

D.IthelpsJobscommunicatewithstaff.〔4〕WhatdoesSandstromwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Wecandevelopweaktiesintostrongties.

B.Weshouldspendmoretimewithstrongties.

C.Weshouldbalanceweaktieswithstrongties.

D.Wecanapplycasualinteractionstostrongties.二、任务型阅读(共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分)5.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选。有两项为多余选。I'mterribleatgivingmyselfgrace.I'maperfectionist,andIhaveunrealisticexpectationsformyselfattimes.IcanremembersimpleerrorsImade.Sooften,weletperfectiondominateourliveswithoutevenrealizingit.________

AndIhopeyou'llconsiderdoingthat,too.Realizethatbeingburntoutdoesn'tmeanthatyou'renotgoodatwhatyoudo.Iwanttodomybestineverything.Thetroublestartswhenweoverworkourselves.________

That'sOK.Takingabreak.Mostofall,Ihopeyouprioritizeyourmentalhealth.Takecareofyourself.Begentlewithyourself.Nooneisaskingyoutobeperfect.We'reallmessyhumanswithstrengthsandweaknesses.Embraceyours,evenwhenitisn'tperfect.Whenyoumakemistakes,takeresponsibilityandlearnfromthem.Rememberthatthisisn'tthefirstorthelastmistakethatyou'vemade.Giveintograce.Somethingmightbeahugeissueforme,otherpeopleprobablywon'tnoticeorcare.________Writeitonyourheartthatwhateveryoudotodayisenough.Itiseasytoemphasizewhatwe'veyettodoinsteadofwhatwe'vealreadydone.Yes,thereisalwaysroomforgrowthandimprovement.________

Maybeyoumadeyourbed.Maybeyoumadeittoworkontime.Thosethingsmightnotseembig,butthey'restillvictories.________

Ifyoumesseduptoday,youcantryagaintomorrow.Ifyousucceededtoday,youcantryagaintomorrow.Youhavetokeepmovingonintotherestofyourstoryoryou'llmissthetraintobiggerthingsthanthis.Startinyourworryoryourfearoryourjoy.Startwhereveryouareandkeepgoing.Startwithgrace.A.Yourstoryisn'tfinishedjustyet.B.Thatismeantmuchofourstruggleisinternal.C.ThenI'verealizedIneedalittlebitmorerest.D.Youaresupposedtoaimhighandworkforit.E.Butthereisroomtocelebratethelittlevictories.F.I'vedecidedtochangethatandgivemyselfgrace.G.Rememberthatyoucanbeperfectthroughyourefforts.三、完形填空〔共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分〕6.阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选。Aftergettingmarried,Imovedtoanabsolutelynewtown.1

asIwastobeinanewcity,withvariousnewthingstoexplore,Iwasstilllonely.Iwasdesperatetomakefriendsandestablish2.Thiscouldexplainmyenthusiastic"Countmein!"when3

toparticipateinahalfmarathon.Reflectingonmyusual3miles,Imusthavebeen4

—ahalfmarathon,13milesseemeda(n)5

task.Aftertheinitialshockworeoff,Ifoundcomfortinburyingmyselfin6.Itookitslow,onemile,andthentwo,three,fourandfivemiles.SevenstraightmilesfeltliketoclimbEverestinmyeyes,andsoonIbecameusedtothat7.Mileaftermile,Imanagedtostepbesidemyrunningpartners.Wetalkedaboutourfavoritemusicand8

funnystoriesaboutourchildren.Ataboutmile10,theconversations9.Wesharedourpastandhopesforourfuture,ourfearsanddisappointments.Bythetimewewererunning12-milelegs,IknowthatI'dmade10

friends.11,thedayoftheracearrived.Atthestartline,armedwithmyfriends,Ialreadyfeltlikeachampion.Mytimetraininghad12.Imanagedtoholdasteadypaceandkeptupwithmy13.Legsshakingandkneesbuckling,wecrossedthefinishlinetogether.Ihaveparticipatedinmultipleracessince.Althoughrunningstartedasa14

ofbuildingsocialties,itnotonlyprovidedmewithfriendships,butwithaskillthatwouldbenefitmetherestofmylife.Thoughthefirstpairofshoesislongforgotten,runningwillneverbe15.1.A.RelaxedB.ExcitedC.EmbarrassedD.Confused2.A.reputationB.identityC.connectionsD.routines3.A.allowedB.askedC.remindedD.required4.A.gratefulB.confidentC.awkwardD.crazy5.A.impossibleB.urgentC.rewardingD.pleasant6.A.socializingB.studyingC.trainingD.sharing7.A.highB.climateC.viewD.race8.A.listenedtoB.madeupC.spreadD.exchanged9.A.stoppedB.deepenedC.returnedD.concluded10.A.newB.moreC.lifelongD.demanding11.A.UnfortunatelyB.ObviouslyC.NaturallyD.Finally12.A.failedB.continuedC.paidoffD.caughton13.A.companionsB.opponentsC.coachesD.judges14.A.seriesB.meansC.habitD.tradition15.A.chosenB.forbiddenC.spreadD.replaced四、语法填空〔共10小题；每题1.5分，总分15分〕7.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。PaulGrishamreturnedhomefromhis13-monthassignmentinAntarcticain1968,________

hiswalletdidn't.Grisham,91,joinedtheNavyin1948asaweathertechnicianbeforebeingshippedtothefrozencontinent________

(work)asameteorologist.Afterfivedecades,Grishamwasreunitedwithhiswallet—whichheforgotallabout.Insidethewallet________

(be)Grisham'snavyID,drivinglicense,arecipe,ataxwithholdingstatement,andreceiptsformoneyorderssenttohiswife.Hewassurprisedby________

younghelookedathisoldIDcardthatwasputinside."Itbroughtback________

(memory).Ohyeah,Ihaddarkbrownhairatthattime,"the91-year-oldsaid________

alaugh.Therecoveredwallet________

(find)byStephen.Stephensawthewalletinashopandboughtit.WiththehelpofMcKee'sorganization,hesaw________

onlineposttohelpfindtheowner.________

(lucky),Grishamandhiswalletweretogetheragain.GrishamsaidthathistimeinAntarcticawas"________

(usual)andmemorable."Thetemperatureinthewintermonthswoulddropaslowas-65degrees.五、写作〔共两节，总分值40分〕8.假设你是李华，你校留学生Jack方案回国，他想给妈妈送一份有中国特色的礼物，请给他一封邮件，向他推荐礼物，内容包括：1〕推荐的礼物；2〕推荐原因；3〕表达祝愿。注意：1〕写作词数应为80左右；2〕请在答题卡的相应位置作答。9.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Ifyouaskmewhetheryoushouldsayyestowalkyourneighbor'sdog,myanswerwouldbeadefinite"Yes",aslongyoudoonethingIdidn'tdowhenIhelpedoutwithmyneighbor'sdog.Here'swhatImeant.Youdon'tneedtoaskyourneighborlotsofquestionsaboutthatparticulardog,butjustbepatienttoaskoneveryimportantquestion.Hereiswhy.Mrs.GonzalesandheradorabledogRascal,liveattheendofmystreet.MyfriendOllieandIhaveplayedwithRascalsincehewasapuppy,sowhenMrs.Gonzalesaskedifwe'dliketotakehimtotheparkonceinawhile,wecan'twaittosays,"Whencanwestart?""HowaboutthisSaturdayat3:00?"shesuggested.WhenSaturdayrolledaround,OllieandIweretheretopickupRascalat3:00ontime."Rascalwillbesohappytoplayintheparkwithyou!"Mrs.Gonzalessaid."IfI'mstilloutgroceryshoppingwhenyoureturn,justletyourselvesinwiththissparekey.I'llbehomealittlewhilelater.""Also,whydoyouthinkInamedhimRascal?Ifthere'strouble,suchaspuddles,thisguyisguaranteedtofindit.Andalsothecommandsthatyoushould"WhenwerealizedthatMrs.Gonzaleshadlotsof"alsos",weinterruptedherandranawayintheblinkofaneye.Notlongafterwearrivedatthepark,Rascalfoundagiantpuddleandjumpedintoitandrolledarounduntileverysquareinchofhisfurrybodywasdrippingwithmud."Ugh!sillypuppy,you'rethemuddiestdogintheuniverses!"Isaid.Olliesaidweshouldtakehimbackhomesohecangetwashedup.ButwhenwegottoMrs.Gonzales'shouse,shedidn'tanswerthedoorbell."Shemuststillbeoutgroceryshopping,"Isaid."Howaboutweusethegardentubetocleanhim?"Olliesuggested."Goodidea!"Isaid,puttingMrs.Gonzales'skeyintothelock."I'llgoinsideandgetatoweltodryhimoff."Paragraph1:ButthesecondIopenedthedoor,Rascalracedinsidethehouse.Paragraph2:Mrs.Gonzalescameinwithhergroceries.

答案解析局部一、阅读理解(共15小题；每题2.5分，总分值37.5分)1.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种控制洪水的工程。【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。1.(1)考查细节理解。根据TheThamesBarrierinEngland局部中的“Madeofsteel,watergatesontheThamesBarrierarenormallyleftopensoshipscanpassthrough.〞泰晤士河堰的水闸是钢制的，通常是敞开的，以便船只通过。可知ThamesBarrier的水闸是开着的。应选B。1.(2)考查细节理解。根据RedSluiceGateinJapan局部中的“Suchmotorsdon'tneedelectricitytorun,sotheyaren'taffectedbypowerfailuresthatcanoccurduringstorms.〞这种发动机不需要电力就能运行，所以它们不会受到风暴期间可能发生的电力故障的影响。可知，RedSluiceGate即使停电也能工作。应选B。1.(3)考查推理判断。根据第一段“Everyyearacommunityinsomepartoftheworldisdestroyedbyflooding.Indeed,floodingcanhappenanywhereitrains.Thereishope,however.Architectsandcivilengineershavedevelopedpromisingtechnologiesforfloodcontrol.Andyes,engineeringcanbebeautiful.〞每年世界上都会有一个社区被洪水摧毁。事实上，任何下雨的地方都可能发生洪水。然而，希望还是有的。建筑师和土木工程师已经开发出了很有前途的防洪技术。是的，工程也可以很美。可知，下文四种建筑物都是关于控制洪水的。应选D。2.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了高中生诺伍德载着三个朋友回家，发生了车祸，她和另两个朋友毫发无损，而扎里娅由于撞击晕了过去，诺伍德用运动生活方式管理学院刚刚学到的知识对扎里娅进行了急救，救护车很快赶到，扎里娅立即被送往医院。之后扎里娅向诺伍德表达了她真诚的感谢之情。【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2.(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Norwood,ajuniorHighSchoolstudent,wasdrivingthreefriendshomeinSt.Petersburg,whenanotherdrivercrashedintoherfromherleftandmadehercarhitthetree.〞诺伍德是一名高中生，在圣彼得堡开车送三个朋友回家时，另一名司机从她的左侧撞上了她，使她的车撞到了树上。可知，诺伍德和她的朋友在回家的路上，她们出了车祸。应选B。2.(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“‘Sothat'swhenIjuststarteddoingCPRonher.’Norwoodtoldthereporter.Afterthe30compressionsandtworescuebreaths,Zarriaregainedconsciousness.〞诺伍德告诉记者：“所以我才开始给她做心肺复苏术。〞。经过30次按压和两次抢救性呼吸后，扎里亚恢复了意识。可知，当扎里亚没有反响〔失去意识〕时，她对扎里娅进行了急救，然后扎里亚恢复了意识。应选A。2.(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Therearetwocomponents,ahands-onskillscomponentwheretheyhavetodemonstratethatthey'reabletodoCPRwell,andthenthere'sawrittentestcomponent,showingthattheyrememberthatknowledge.〞有两个局部，一个是实践技能局部，他们必须证明自己能够做好心肺复苏术，还有一个是笔试局部，说明他们记住了这些知识。可知，ALMA工程由实践技能局部和笔试局部组成，可得出ALMA理论与实践并重。应选C。2.(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“‘Sothat'swhenIjuststarteddoingCPRonher.’Norwoodtoldthereporter.Afterthe30compressionsandtworescuebreaths,Zarriaregainedconsciousness.〞诺伍德告诉记者：“所以我才开始给她做心肺复苏术。〞。经过30次按压和两次抢救性呼吸后，扎里亚恢复了意识；以及最后一段中的“ThankstoNorwood'squickthinking,Zarriaisrecoveringwell.〞多亏诺伍德思维敏捷，扎里娅恢复得很好。可知，当扎里亚没有反响〔失去意识〕时，诺伍德思维敏捷，没有慌张，作为学生的她对扎里娅进行了急救，说明她很冷静、勇敢。应选D。3.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在新冠肺炎大流行时期帮助人们挽救生命的口罩对野生动物来说有致命的威胁。【点评】此题考点涉及推理判断和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了1973年，斯坦福大学社会学教授MarkGranovetter发表了一篇名为?弱关系的强度?的论文。它后来成为有史以来最具影响力的社会学论文之一。在此之前，学者们一直认为，个人的幸福主要取决于与亲密朋友和家人的关系质量。格兰诺维特指出，数量也很重要。【点评】此题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4.(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Hiscentralinsightwasthatfornewmessagesandideas,weaktiesaremoreimportanttousthanstrongones.〞他的核心观点是，对于新的信息和思想，弱关系比强关系对我们更重要；以及“Wedependonacquaintanceswhomweseeinfrequentlytobringusnewsofopportunities.〞我们依靠不常见面的熟人给我们带来机遇的消息。可知，格兰诺维特认为对于新的信息和思想，弱关系比强关系对我们更重要，他举例经常交谈的人同在一个信息池中，而不常见面的熟人才会给我们带来机遇的消息。应选C。4.(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Shefoundthatondayswhenaparticipanthadagreaternumberofcasualinteractionswithweakties–say,aneighbour,amemberofyogaclass–theyexperiencedmorehappinessandagreatersenseofbelonging.〞当参与者与弱关系比方邻居、瑜伽班的成员有更多的随意互动时，他们会体验到更多的快乐和更强的归属感。可知，邻居属于弱关系。应选A。4.(3)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Thebuildinghasalargecentralhallthroughwhichallemployeeshavetopassseveraltimesaday.Jobswantedcolleaguestorunintoeachother,grabcoffeeandhaveachat.〞大楼有一个很大的中央大厅，所有员工每天都要经过几次。乔布斯希望同事们能偶遇，喝杯咖啡，聊聊天。可知，中央大厅的功能就是供人们相见、喝咖啡和聊天。应选C。4.(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Forallthesereasons,weshouldcontinuetotryandfindwaystocultivateweak-tierelationships.Sandstromaddsthatwecanalsoengageinmoreweak-tie-styleinteractionswithourstrongties.Thegoalistoletothersknowyouarethinkingofthemwithoutaskingfora

greatdealoftime,energyorattention.〞基于这些原因，我们应该继续努力寻找培养弱关系的方法。Sandstrom补充道，我们也可以利用我们的强联系参与更多弱联系类型的互动。这样做的目的是让别人知道你在想他们，而不需要太多的时间、精力或注意力。可知，Sandstrom认为应该努力寻找培养弱关系的方法，利用强联系参与更多弱联系类型的互动。应选D。二、任务型阅读(共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值1