Unit+2+Natural+Disasters+Grammar+and+Usage++课件【高效课堂+备课精研】 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

新牛津译林版高中英语必修三Unit2NaturalDisasters

GrammarandUsageExploringtherulesLeading-inWhatkindofnaturaldisastersareconnectedwithastrongstorm?Typhoon,hurricane,tornado…Whatshouldpeopledoduringastrongstorm?Stayinsideandcloseandlockallthewindowsanddoors.Listentotheradiotokeepinformedofwhatisgoingon...ReadthedialogueonPage20.Annaisinterviewingherteacher,MrLi,abouthisexperiencesduringahurricane.Afterreading,pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions.Annaisinterviewingherteacher,MrLi,abouthisexperiencesduringahurricane.1.HowdidMrLiknowthatthehurricanewascoming?

FromthelocalnewsonTV.2.WhatmadeMrLiscaredduringthehurricane?Thepowerfailure.3.Ahurricaneisdestructive.Inwhatdetailscanweknowitisdestructiveinthistext?Pleasefindthemout.Theroadwasblocked.Theremaybethepowerfailure.Manyhugetreeslayacrossthestreetandwaterwasseeneverywhere.Therewasalotofdamageandsuffering.4.

Whatshouldwedowhenahurricanehits?First,weshouldstayinside,becausegoingoutsideduringahurricaneismuchtoodangerous.Second,weshouldprepareenoughfoodandwatertolastawholeweek.To-infinitivesasattributivesTo-infinitivesasadverbialsofresultIwasstayinginAtlanta,andthatwasoneofthecities

tobehit.Thatmorning,IturnedontheTVforsomelocalnews,onlytohearthatahurricanewasonitsway.

Task2Readthepassageaboutaninterviewandcompletethetasks(P20)Findthesentenceswithto-infinitivesIlookedoutofthewindow,onlytoseehugetreeslyingacrossthestreetandwatereverywhere.Therewasnothingformetodo.Ihadenoughfoodandwatertolastawholeweek.WorkingouttherulesWhentheto-infintiveisusedasanattributive,itisoftenput

(before/after)thenounorpronounitmodifies.Whentheto-infintiveisusedasanadverbialofresult,itcanrefertoan__________(expected/unexpected)result.Inthiscase,weoftenuseonlybeforetheto-infinitive.afterunexpectedWorkingouttherulesWorkingouttherulesWhat’sthefunctionoftheto-infinitivesinthefollowingsentences?Duringastrongstorm,weshouldstayathomeandlistentotheradiotokeepinformedof

whatisgoingon.Besidesaradio,wecanhaveacomputerorasmartphone

toupdatetheinformation.

AdverbialofpurposeWorkingouttherulesWhat’sthefunctionoftheto-infinitivesinthefollowingsentences?Afterthestrongstorm,wewereveryamazed

toseethatourhousewasingoodconditionandourgrandparentswereverydelighted

toknowthatweweresafeandsound.Adverbialofresult标题文本此处添加详细文本描述，文字内容建议与标题相关尽量简洁生动……标题文本此处添加详细文本描述，文字内容建议与标题相关尽量简洁生动……标题文本此处添加详细文本描述，文字内容建议与标题相关尽量简洁生动……Shesignalledherstudentstoexittheclassroominanorderlylinecoveringtheirheadswiththeirhands.Andtheheadmasteraskedthemtostayoutsideuntilthestormwasover.ObjectcomplementWhat’sthefunctionoftheto-infinitivesinthefollowingsentences?WorkingouttherulesWhat’sthefunctionoftheto-infinitivesinthefollowingsentences?Workingouttherules1.AliceBrown,headteacher,wasteachingwhenthefloorbegantoshake.2.Itwasverydangeroustostayinsideduringthehurricane.3.Myjobtodaywastokeepthestudentcalmoutside.ObjectSubjectPredicativeTohaveahealthydietkeepsusfit.Tofinishyourhomeworkontimeeverydayisyourduty.1.不定式作主语形式主语Itkeepsusfittohaveahealthydiet.Itisyourdutytofinishyourhomeworkontimeeveryday.熟记以下句型：Itis+adj.+todosth.Itis+a/an+n(pleasure,pity,crime,honor…)+todosthItis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.Itis+adj(表人品的)+ofsb.+todosth.Ittook(sb)sometime/courage/wisdom…+todosth.Itisnouse/good/useful/useless/awasteoftime+doingsth.Practicemakesperfect每天阅读是很有用的。对她来说获得这个奖是一个巨大的荣誉。从超市买菜比从菜农那里买要贵。It'smoreexpensivetobuyvegetablesfromsupermarketsthanfromfarmers.Itisusefultoreadeveryday.It'sagreathonorforhertowinthisaward1.__________ismydream_____________(travel)tothemoonbyspaceship.2.Itisanhonor_________(get)thegoldmedalintheOlympics3.Itisnecessaryforus_______(be)constantlyremindedofourshortcomings.4.Itisnogood_____________(pretend)toknowwhatyoudon’tknow.5.Ittookthemfiveyears___________(build)thebridge.IttotraveltogettobetobuildpretendingPracticemakesperfect2.不定式作宾语Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.熟记以下单词：decide，determine，wish，plan，want，manage，try，afford，promise，arrange，desire，pretend，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，fail，agree，forget，prefer，...用动词不定式作宾语的动词记忆口诀三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise）两个要求莫拒绝（demand,ask,refuse）

设法学会做决定（manage，learn,decide）不要假装在选择（pretend，choose）

打算提出两计划（intend,offer,plan,mean)

申请失败负担起

(apply,fail,afford)

准备渴望又碰巧

(prepare,desire,happen)1.Weagreed__________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.2.Mr.Smithdetermined________(go)tothecinema.3.Whenhisfathercamein,hepretended________________(study).4.Ifinditinteresting___________(learn)Maths.5.Heconsideredithisduty_________(care)aboutthehomelesskids.6.Wethinkitnecessary____________(increase)thesalary.

tomeettogotobestudyingtolearntocaretoincrease注意：不定式作某些特殊动词的宾语时，常用it作形式宾语,而把真宾语不定式和动名词放在句末。think/consider/find/feel/make/beilieve+it+adj/n+todosthPracticemakesperfect3.不定式作表语Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.Mywishistobeadoctor.Forhim,thefirststepistofindanofficejob.Themainpurposeofthemeetingwastoelectanewmanager.我的愿望是成为一名医生。对于他来说，第一步就是找一个办公室的工作。这次会议的主要目的是选一名新经理。4.不定式作定语Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowis

important.IamsobusyIhavenotimetowritealetter.Ineedapentowritewith.不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。动词不定式作定语1.动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面

Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?这是帮他的最佳方法吗？Yourwish

tobeateacherisquiteunderstandable.

你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。

①

名词或代词为动词不定式的逻辑主语(主谓关系)。如：Wendywasthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.②名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语(动宾关系)。如：Ihaveameeting

toattend.

Tip:如果不定式是不及物动词，需要加介词才能与名词之间构成动宾关系。如：Thisisagoodtopictotalkabout.2.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。③名词与不定式是同位语关系(动词不定式与所修饰的名词指代的内容一致)。如：Ihaveawish

togotocollege.Weshouldhavethecourage

tofaceanydifficulty.Theyhavefoundoutaway

tohelpthevillagesgetridofpoverty.常接不定式作定语的抽象名词有：ability,ambition,chance,wish,attempt,decision,moment,need,plan,promise,reason,time,way,courage,opportunity等。3.动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。如：Thehousetobebuilttherewillbealibrary.Shemadealistofthepeopletobeinvited.4.当中心词被序数词、形容词最高级及thenext,theonly,thelast等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。Shewasthefirstwoman

towinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.Sheistheonlypersontobeadmittedtothecommittee.在那儿要建的房子将是一个图书馆。她列了一张要邀请的人的名单。她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女子。她是唯一获准进入委员会的人。1.DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChinese________(walk)onthemoon?2.Doyouhaveanything________(say)?Ifnot,wewillputanendtothemeeting.3.Hehasnofriend_______________(depend).4.Areyougoingtothemeeting____________(hold)nextweek?5.Thenewbuilding________________(complete)nextyearwillbeacitymuseum.6.Theremaybeanopportunityforyou_______(see)thefamousstar.towalk

tosaytodependon

tobeheld

tobecompletedtoseePractice

5.不定式作宾语补足语Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.常接不定式作宾补的词有：ask,encourage,force,permit,urge,direct,enable,invite,order,want,wish等(1)My

mom

encouraged

me____________________(improve)my

writing

skills.(2)Heoften

makes

his

little

sister

________(cry).toimprovecry作宾语补足语不用to的常见动词：一感(feel),二听(listento,hear),三让(make,let,have),四看(see,lookat,watch,notice)。IoftenhearthegirlsinginEnglish我经常听到这个女孩唱英语歌Iseehimentertheclassroom.我看见他走进教室（看见进入的全过程）考点归纳：1.感官动词+宾语+宾补see,watch,observe,lookat,notice hear listento feelsee+sbdosthsbdoingsthsthdoneIsawher________(read)anEnglishpoemyesterday.Shewasseen__________(read)anEnglishpoemyesterday.He________(see)tocrosstheroad.I________(see)himcrosstheroad.Iheardher________(sing)asongwhenIpassedbyherroom.Iheardasong_________(sing)byalittlegirlyesterday.readtoread看见某人做了某事看见某人正在做某事看见某事被做wasseensawsingingsung2.使役动词+宾语+宾补:haveletmake⑴havesbdosth:havesb/sthdoingsth:havesthdone:使某人做某事使某人/某物一直做某事使某事被做⑵makesbdosth:makeoneselfdone:使某人做某事使某人自己被…Ihadmycar______(wash)lastweek.I’mverybusy.Ihavealotoffiles________(type).Jimoftenmakeshissister________(cry),butthismorninghewasmade__________(cry)byhissister.Theplaceisnoisysoheshoutedtomakehimself________(hear).You’dbetternothavethelight________(burn)alldaylong.Ihavehadmybike___________(repair),andI'mgoingtohavesomebody______(repair)myradiotomorrow.crytocryheardwashedtotypeburningrepairedrepairPracticemakesperfect总结:动词+宾语(sb.)

+todosthadvise allow ask beg

cause encourageexpect forbid get intend invite likelove order persuadeprefer permit require teach tell want warn wish6.不定式作目的状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相当于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引导的目的状语.Igotupearlysoastogettoschoolontime.Hewassocarelessastoleavehiscarunlocked.7.不定式作结果状语常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词…astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastoclosethedoor,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.动词不定式作结果状语

动词不定式作结果状语，常见于以下结构：1.在

too…to…(太……而不能)结构中，表示反面结果，如：It’snevertoolateto

learn.Thecasewastooheavyto

becarriedbyachild.2.在

…enoughto…(足够……以至于……)结构中。如：Iwasfortunateenoughto

gettheticket.Thehallislargeenoughto

hold3,000people.活到老，学到老。这箱子太重了，小孩搬不动我很幸运地得到了那张票。这个大厅足够大，可以容纳3000人。3.在

neverto…

(不再)结构中，可以接后续的结果。如：Helefthome,neverto

return.Sheleft,neverto

beseenagain.4.在

onlyto…(却，不料)结构中,不定式常表示没有预料到的结果。如：Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.他离开了家，再也没有回来。她走了，再也没人见过她。我匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。战争结束后他回来，却被告知妻子已经离开了他。5.在

so…asto…（如此...以至于）

结构中。如：Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

Wearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.Shewon’tbesuchacarelesspersonasto

forgettolockthedoor.6.在

such+名词+asto…(如此...以至于)结构中。如：她气得连话都说不出来了。我们没有愚蠢到相信他的地步。她不会粗心到忘记锁门的地步。Practice

1.Thegoodsaretooheavy________(carry).2.Ihurriedtohishouse,only________(find)thathewasnotathome.3.Irantotheschool,only_____________(inform)thatIwasn’tadmittedbyPekingUniversity.4.Thismanwasstrongenough_______(lift)theheavystone.5.Dinosaurshavediedoutontheearth,never__________(see)again.6.Heissuchafool____________abletoanswerthequestion.tocarrytofindtobeinformedtolifttobeseenasnottobe8.不定式作原因状语Afterthestrongstorm,wewereveryamazedtoseethatourhousewasingoodconditionandourgrandparentswereverydelightedtoknowthatweweresafeandsound.Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.目的状语还可以用__________或_______来表示，但________不能置于句首。目的状语Thecoronavirusrequiresthegovernmentandthepublictoreactevenmorequicklytoanysignsorsymptomsofinfection,inordertohaltthespreadofthevirusandpreventthemedicalsystemfrombeingoverwhelmedandthedeathtoll(毁坏或伤亡人数)fromrising.inordertosoastosoasto原因状语I'msoexcitedtobehere.Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.不定式作原因状语常用于表_____________之后。心情的形容词9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等动词常用于上面句型。10.不定式的省略现象，即用动词原形的情况不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词

have,make,let后作宾语补足语时。Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。Wedidnothingbut/exceptwait.

不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。

WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.

11.不定式后动词的省略

1.动词love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。2.句式

wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式要保留不定式后的be或have。

Areyouasailor?No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?No,butIshouldhave(finished).

不定式口诀本领最多不定式，主表宾补定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。用时千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not表否定，各种用法区别开。1.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.2.—IsBobstillperforming?

—I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___________(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.3.Idon'twant________(sound)likeI'mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.4.________(ensure)thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity'sgassupplysystemthoroughly.5.Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.6.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_________(break)intosmallpieces.tohavelefttobetoldtosoundToensuretofindtobreakPracticemakesperfectApplyingtherulesCheckinga.objectb.objectcomplementc.attributived.adverbialofpurposee.adverbialofresult______1I’msorrythatIcannotcometoyourbirthdayparty tomorrowasIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.______2Shehurriedtothecinema,onlytofindallthetickets

hadbeensoldout.______3Iaskyoutocompletethetaskonyourown.______4Toreachthesummit,weneedalocalguide.______5Wemustlearntowalkbeforewecanrun.______6I’mafraidtheywillhaveadifficultdecisiontomake.______7Toavoidlosingagoodfriend,youneedtoapologize

assoonaspossible.______8Helefthishometown,nevertobeheardfromagain.______9Weagreedtochangeourplanatthemeeting.______10Sheinvitedmetowatchafilm.Checkinga.objectb.objectcomplementc.attributived.adverbialofpurposee.adverbialofresult______1I’msorrythatIcannotcometoyourbirthdayparty

tomorrowasihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.______2Shehurriedtothecinema,onlytofindallthetickets

hadbeensoldout.______3Iaskyoutocompletethetaskonyourown.______4Toreachthesummit,weneedalocalguide.______5Wemustlearntowalkbeforewecanrun.cebdaCheckinga.objectb.objectcomplementc.attributived.adverbialofpurposee.adverbialofresult______6I’mafraidtheywillhaveadifficultdecisiontomake.______7Toavoidlosingagoodfriend,youneedtoapologizeassoonaspossible.______8Helefthishometown,nevertobeheardfromagain.______9Weagreedtochangeourplanatthemeeting.______10Sheinvitedmetowatchafilm.cd;aeab

Task3Readthepassageaboutaninterviewandcompletethetasks(P20)PleasecompletetheexercisesonPage21B1ecdbaB2tofindbooksabouthurricanesintheschoollibrarytofindhewasn’tintoattendtomakePPTslidesformyprojectB3wasactuallythefirsttoleavetokeepuswarmwantedtoreturnhomeassoonaspossibleonlytofinditcompletelydestroyedadvisedustotakeanactivepartintherebuilding单句语法填空1．ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniqueposition____________(help)theiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.2．Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics,suchaslargebrainsandtheability____________(walk)uprightontwolegs.3．Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetime_______(visit)collegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.tohelptowalktovisit4．Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplace____________(relax)afteralongday?5．Milwaukee,Wisconsin,isroadtestinganewway__________(keep)winterroadsice-free—byspreadingonthemcheesebrine,thesaltyliquidusedtomakesoftcheeses,likemozzarella.6．Acommitteeofteacherswillevaluatematerialsandgiveopinions.Studentsthenhaveanopportunity____________(improve)theirproducts.7．Itooknotesduringthemeeting,butIhaven'thadachance____________(write)themintoareportsofar.8．Afterthat,feelingtheneed____________(explore)further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub'smeetings.9．Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtime____________(encourage)youngchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.torelaxtokeeptoimprovetowritetoexploretoencourage10．Theplumtreesarethefirst____________(flower)evenasthesnowismelting.11．Cyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whic