2024版高考英语一轮复习题型基础练题型一阅读理解话题6科学与研究作业课件

话题6科学与研究经典3+23年高考+2年模拟经典3+2Passage1

[2022全国乙卷·C]Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s"eyesinthesky"technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.经典3+2Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.2.Whatdoes"maintenance"underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.

B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.经典3+23.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.

B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways经典3+2答案

本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与社会"。无人机在保证铁路安全可靠的同时,还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。1.A

理解具体信息题干问的是"什么使无人机在铁路线路中的应用成为可能"。根据文章第二段中的"Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructure"可知,无人机现在已经被用来检测高压电力线路,它们可以精确地做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故A项正确。干扰项分析B、C、D项都属于"无中生有"。文中没有提到无人机在高海拔地区工作,也没有提及无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能,故B和D项都可排除;C项无人机设计成本降低,文中无相关信息。经典3+2答案2.C

理解词汇题干问的是第三段中画线的"maintenance"指的是什么。根据画线词出现的语境"节省费用"以及该词在下文中的语境,即第三段第二句"ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure"可知,铁路"maintenance"包括检查和修理铁路基础设施。故C项正确。

3.A

理解具体信息题干问的是"期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能"。根据文章最后一段最后一句"Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime"(因为能提前看到,它们可以预示任何问题,这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知,期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题,并给列车发出警告。故A项正确。干扰项分析B项"使火车自动运行"是偷换概念,原文最后一段中的"programmedtorunautonomously"指的是无人机可以自动运行,而不是火车;C项"为机组人员挣得利润"和D项"加快交通运输"是无中生有,文章没有提及。经典3+24.D

理解文章主旨要义题干问的是"本文最合适的标题是哪一个"。第一段是导入,综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景;第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用;第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和保护铁路职员安全方面的作用;第四段讲了无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知,本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项正确。核心词汇核心单词Para.1:guaranteev.保证;担保;保障Para.2:preciselyadv.恰好地;正是;精确地inspectv.检查;查看;审视;视察词缀变形Para.1:reliableadj.可信赖的,可依靠的→reliabilityn.可靠性operatev.工作;操作;控制;使运行;(被)使用;(使)运转;经营,营业;动手术→operatorn.操作人员;技工;经营者→operationn.(有组织的)活动;手术;运转;操作Para.3:maintainv.维持;维修;保养→maintenancen.维护,保养经典3+2Passage2

[2022全国甲卷·B]Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada"keyhole"inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect"key"wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan"allocentricframeofreference".Intheexperiment,Goffin‘scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin‘scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.经典3+2Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.1.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.2.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.经典3+23.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters经典3+2答案

本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与自然"。实验表明,一种生长于澳大拉西亚的凤头鹦鹉擅长识别物体的形状。1.B

理解具体信息根据第一段中的"Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattooluse"可知,实验中凤头鹦鹉通过使用工具拿到了盒子里的果仁,故选B项。2.C

推断根据第二段首句"Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage"可知,在大约一岁时,婴儿就能将圆形物体放入圆孔中,由此可推知,C项正确。3.D

理解具体信息根据最后一段信息可知,研究人员下一步将查明凤头鹦鹉是否完全依靠视觉线索还是也需要使用触觉来对物体的形状作出选择。名师点津题干中的follow-up意为"进一步的",与最后一段中的next吻合。经典3+24.D

理解文章主旨要义综观全文,尤其是根据文章首句"Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old"可知,文章主要讲述凤头鹦鹉出色的形状识别能力。故D项适合作文章标题。核心词汇核心单词Para.2:visualadj.视觉的trial-and-errorn.反复试验,不断摸索核心短语Para.1:shape-recognitionabilities识别形状的能力经典3+2难句分析Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan"allocentricframeofreference".(Para.2)分析:全句的主要结构为Thisabilityiscalledan"allocentricframeofreference"。句中动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰句子主语Thisability,recognize后的宾语从句中包含一个时间状语从句。译文:这种辨别形状在装入前需要从特定方向转动的能力被叫做"物体参照系"。经典3+2Passage3

[2022新高考Ⅰ卷·D]Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDami‘nBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn‘thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn‘tgrowtobesolarge.经典3+2AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.1.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDami’nBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.2.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.经典3+23.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.4.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.经典3+2答案

本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与社会"。本文介绍了人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联研究。1.D

推断题干问的是"Dami’nBlasi的研究集中在人类语音的哪个方面",通读全文,尤其是最后一段内容可知,Dami‘nBlasi的研究集中在语音的发展。故选D项。2.C

理解具体信息题干问的是"为什么古代成年人很难产生唇齿音",根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段的内容可知,他们发现古代成人的上下门牙是对齐的,很难产生唇齿音,而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。之后,我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构,这让我们更容易产生这样的声音。由此可推知,他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。3.A

理解段落主旨要义题干问的是"第五段主要讲述了什么",根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第五段。由第五段内容可知,对语言数据库的分析也证实,新石器时代之后,世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列出一些可以使研究结果更令人信服的证据。故选A项。4.C

理解观点、态度题干问的是"StevenMoran对人类语音组有什么看法",根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。StevenMoran认为:自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音组不一定保持稳定,今天我们发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等事物相互作用的产物。由此可推知,它是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。经典3+2核心词汇核心单词Para.2:trendn.趋势Para.5:confirmv.证实Para.6:overturnv.推翻complexadj.复杂的词缀变形Para.5:remarkablyadv.不寻常地,惊人地→remarkableadj.非凡的,引人注目的难句分析Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.(Para.6)分析:本句是主从复合句。thatallhumanspeechsounds...ago是同位语从句,该从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句。译文:这项研究推翻了这种流行的观点,即在大约30万年前人类进化时,所有的人类语音都已经存在。经典3+2Passage4

[2023广东惠州一调·D]Earthquakescannotbeforecast,butengineerscanprepareforthem.Seismicisolationsystemsbuiltintothebasesofcertainbuildingsinhigh-riskareas,usecomplexstructuresofconcrete,rubberandmetaltoreducequakedamagebyabsorbingtheground’shorizontalshaking.Butsuchadaptationsareexpensive.EngineerJianZhangoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,saysbuildingseismicisolationsystemscanincreaseconstructioncostsbyupto20percent.Althoughthesesystemsmightsavemorethantheycostovertime,buildersinsomeregionsmaynothavethebudgetforthematpresent.Anewseismicisolationmethodusesthephysicsofrollingtocreatealower-costalternativewithreadilyavailablematerials:recycledtennisballs."Everyoneplaystennis,andtheydon‘tknowwhattodowiththetennisballsaftereachgame,"saysETHZürichseismicengineerMichalisVassiliou.Vassiliou’steambaseditsmethodonanearlyformofseismicisolationthatrollsashakingbuildingtoastopthewayaskaterinahalf-pipeeventuallycomestorest.Byseparatingabuildingfromthegroundwithalayerofspheres(球体),rollingisolationchangesunstablehorizontalshakingintoagentlerockingmotion.Thismethodwasusedin5,000-year-oldPeruvianpyramids,buttodaybuildersfavorexpensive,standardizedisolationsystems.经典3+2Fortheirmoderntakeonrollingseismicisolation,theresearchersinjectedconcrete-likemixesintohundredsofballsthathadlosttheirbounce.Theybuiltaninexpensivemodelconsistingoffourfilledtennisballssandwichedbetweentwoconcreteslabs(厚板),andtheyfoundthatitwithstoodearthquakeshakingwhilesupportingeightkilonewtonsofforceperball—abouttwicewhatisolationsystemsmightexperienceunderone-storyhouses.Zhangsaysthattheworkisworthwhileandthatsuchtechnologymightserveanunmetneed.Butshenotesthattheresultsareprimary.Vassiliouagrees.Nextstepswillmeancreatingandtestingalargermodelwithhundredsoftennisballsataresearchcenterinearthquake-proneCuba—anexampleofaplacewheresuchsystemscouldmakeisolationpracticableinordinaryconstruction.1.Whydotheengineersadoptrecycledtennisballs?A.Toimprovetheperformanceoftennisballs.B.Tohelpdealwiththetennisballsaftermatches.C.Tosimplifythecomplexstructuresofbuildings.D.Tocuttheexpenseofseismicisolationbuildings.经典3+22.Whateffectcouldthenewmethodachieve?A.Recyclinguselesstennisballs. B.Transformingtheshakingintogentleshaking.C.Withstandingearthquakeshaking. D.Enablingahousetosupportmuchmoreforce.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZhang‘sattitudetowardsthenewtechnology?A.Doubtful. B.Unclear. C.Objective. D.Approving.4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ResearchersarecreatingandtestingmodelsinCuba.B.Engineersareexploringwaysofearthquakeforecasts.C.Alow-costdesignhelpsshakingbuildingsrolltoastop.D.Recycledtennisballscouldprotectbuildingsfromdisasters.经典3+2答案

本文是科研报道,主题语境是"人与自然"。地震专家用回收的网球制作的装置来模拟地震隔离系统,并取得了一定的效果。1.D

理解具体信息

根据第三段中的"createalower-costalternativewithreadilyavailablematerials:recycledtennisballs"可知,选用回收的网球是为了节约成本,故D项正确。2.B理解具体信息根据第四段中的"rollingisolationchangesunstablehorizontalshakingintoagentlerockingmotion"可知,新的方法可以让不稳定的水平震动变成温和的摇摆运动,故B项正确。3.C理解观点、态度根据最后一段中的"Zhangsaysthattheworkisworthwhile...Butshenotesthattheresultsareprimary"可知,她对于新的方法既肯定又相对保守,故C项正确。4.C理解文章主旨要义分析文章体裁可知,本文为一篇科研报道。研究报道类文章的主旨一般是研究发现的结果。根据第三段中的"Anewseismicisolationmethod...recycledtennisballs"和第四段中的"rollsashakingbuildingtoastopthewayaskaterinahalf-pipeeventuallycomestorest"可知,本文主要讲述了用回收的网球制作的装置可让摇晃的建筑物停止摇晃,故C项正确。经典3+2熟词生义take(Para.5)常用义:v.携带;拿走;取走;运走例句:IforgottotakemybagwithmewhenIgotoffthebus.我下公共汽车时忘了拿包。文章义:n.看法;意见例句:What’shistakeontheplan?他对这项计划有什么意见?经典3+2Passage5

[2022山东济南5月模拟·D]Whenpeoplethinkoffarmingtoday,theyusuallypictureatractor(拖拉机)ratherthanhorsesinthefarmland.That‘sbecausetractorsthatreliedonenginesrevolutionizedfarminginthelate1800s.Nowanewtypeoftractorcandothesameinthe21stcentury.Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepushforinnovationisfedbytheneedtoproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulation.Automatictractorsmaybethekeytosolvingthischallenge.Theycanbeusedtocarryoutlabor-intensive(劳动密集型的)farmingwhileallowingfarmerstodootherwork.Abigplusisthattheycanincreasecropoutputwhilereducingcostsbecausetheautomaticmachinescanworkinallweatherconditionswithoutanyrest.Partofthepushforautomationisashortageoffarmworkersduetopeople‘sdesiretohavehigher-payingjobswithbetterworkingconditions.Farmownersarecompetingagainstcompaniesandrestaurantsthatareraisingwagestoattractworkers."Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,"saidDavidSwartz,aprofessoratPennStateExtension.经典3+2Manybelievethetimeisripeforanautomaticrevolutionbecauseroboticsisalreadyinuseinagriculture.OnecompanythatisworkingtobringautomatictractorsintomainstreamfarmingisBlueWhiteRobotics,anIsraeliagriculturaltechnologycompany,whosemissionistomakeafullyautomaticfarm.ThecompanyreleasedanautomatictractorkitinFebruary2021thatcanbefixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludescameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.ThekitisbeingusedbythegrowersoftheWestCoastintheUS.Itmaysooncometoafarmnearyou.1.WhatcontributestotheagriculturalrevolutionaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Theurgetofeedmorepeople.B.Theextremeweatherconditions.C.Theneedtoreducefarmingcosts.D.Thedesireforautomaticfarming.2.WhatisSwartz’sattitudetoautomation?A.Critical. B.Negative. C.Supportive. D.Tolerant.经典3+23.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBlueWhiteRobotics‘kit?A.Ithasbeenwidelyused.B.Itcanbemadeinmanyfirms.C.Itcanimprovesafetyoftractors.D.Itwilldetectthewayoffarming.4.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AutomationistransformingagricultureB.BigcompaniesaremakingadifferenceC.DriverlesstractorsareworthinvestingD.Traditionalfarmingisfallingoutofdate经典3+2答案

本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与社会"。本文介绍了自动化在农业中的应用及其在农业改革中发挥的作用。1.A

推断

根据第二段中的"Agriculturehasbeen…growingworldpopulation"可知,农业在过去几十年里发生了巨大的变化。为不断增长的世界人口生产更多粮食的需求推动了创新;由此可推知,因为世界人口的增长,需要生产更多的粮食来养活更多的人,这促成了农业革命。2.C

理解观点、态度根据第三段中的"‘Withlaborshortages…amorereasonabledecision,’saidDavidSwartz"可知,DavidSwartz说:"随着劳动力短缺和为了保持竞争力而必须支付的小时工资的增加,突然之间,自动化似乎是一个更合理的决定"。由此可知,DavidSwartz认为自动化是合理的决定。故DavidSwartz支持自动化。3.C

推断根据最后一段中的"Thecompanyreleased…ananti-crashsystem"可知,该公司于2021年2月发布了一款自动拖拉机配套设备,它可以被安装在任何现有的拖拉机上;该设备包含摄像头探测、速度控制以及防撞系统。由此可推知,该设备能够提高拖拉机的安全性。4.A

理解文章主旨要义文章第一段引出话题,第二段和第三段分别介绍推动农业自动化的两个主要因素,最后一段通过举例的方式介绍自动化在农业中的应用。故A项"自动化正在改变农业"作本文标题最佳。经典3+2核心词汇核心单词Para.1:revolutionizev.完全变革,彻底改变Para.2:dramaticallyadv.大幅地,显著地,急剧地;戏剧性地,夸张做作地词缀变形Para.3:competitiveadj.竞争的;有竞争力的;好胜的→competitionn.竞争;比赛,竞赛熟词生义picture(Para.1)常用义:n.图画,绘画;照片例句:Wehadourpicturetakeninfrontofthehotel.我们在旅馆前照了相。文章义:v.想象,设想,忆起例句:Thegirlsstoodstill,gazingaroundthebuilding,tryingtopicturelifetherefiftyyearsbefore.女孩子们静静地站着,仔细打量这幢建筑,尽力想象50年前那里的生活情景。经典3+2难句分析Abigplusisthattheycanincreasecropoutputwhilereducingcostsbecausetheautomaticmachinescanworkinallweatherconditionswithoutanyrest.(Para.2)分析:该句为主从复合句。句中that引导表语从句,其中whilereducingcosts为时间状语从句的省略;because引导原因状语从句。译文:自动拖拉机的一大优点是他们可以提高作物产量,同时降低成本,因为自动化机器可以在任何天气条件下工作,不需要休息。经典3+2Passage6

Wehumansoftennavigate(导航)usingroadsignsandGPS.Butwhataboutelephants?ConnieAllen,abehaviouralecologistattheUniversityofExeterintheU.K.,said"theelephantsnavigateoverlongdistancesusingtheirunbelievablememories",whichmakesothersconsiderthatanelephantwillneverforget.Butit‘salsobeensuggestedhereandtherethatmaybeolfactionisextremelyimportantfortheselong-distancemovements.AllenandhercolleaguescheckedthatideabytestingAfricanelephants‘abilitytoidentifyaveryspecialsmell:thesmellofpee(尿).Yousee,anelephantpeesalot—some12to15gallonsaday—andthatpeecancontainaseriesofchemicalsignals.Butfirst,theyneededsomepee.SotheyheadedforaspotalongBotswana‘sBotetiRiverandwaited.Theywaitedforelephantstopeeand,within20minutes,wentandcollectedthesefreshpeesamples.Thentheysetupcamerasonsevenpathswhichtheelephantsusuallywalkedalong.Afterobservingtheelephants’naturalbehaviouronthepaths,theynoticedthatthemajorityoftheelephantscheckedsmellsalongthepaths—especiallyelephantstravellingalone,whichisanindication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmayserveassignpostsalongthepaths.经典3+2Next,theyplacedthosepeesamplesalongthepaths.Andtheyfoundthatforatleasttwodays,passingelephantstrainedtheirtrunksonthesamples,especiallysamplesfrommatureadults,whichisanotherindicationthatsmellsmightbeaneffectivenavigationalsignal.TheirfindingsappearedinthejournalAnimalBehaviour.Basedontheseresults,theyhopeconservationistsmightbeabletouseelephantpeeasadecoy(诱饵).Ifwecantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsaregoingthisway,maybewecanredirectthemawayfromwheretheyarecomingintoconflictwithhumansatthemoment.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"olfaction"inparagraph1mean?A.Theroadsidesignpost. B.Thesenseofsmell.C.Thelong-termmemory. D.Thesenseofdirection.2.Howdidresearchersgettheirconclusions?A.Bydoingfieldresearch. B.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bydoinglaboratoryexperiments.经典3+23.Whatmightbeapotentialbenefitofthefindingsaccordingtothetext?A.Makingelephantsandhumanscoexistpeacefully.B.Inspiringnewresearchdirectionsinelephants.C.Raisingpublicawarenessofelephantprotection.D.Helpingelephantstofindothercompanions.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.ElephantshaveagoodmemoryforroadsB.ElephantsarebornwithexcellentabilitytonavigateC.AfricanelephantsmayusepeeasaroadsignD.Africanelephantsshowpersonality-basedmovements经典3+2答案

本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与自然"。人类经常使用路标和GPS导航,那么大象呢?行为生态学家ConnieAllen认为大象凭借惊人的记忆力进行远距离导航,但也有人提出,大象在进行远距离活动时嗅觉尤为重要。为了验证这一观点,ConnieAllen和她的同事们开展了研究,证明确实如此。1.B

理解词汇

解题步骤如下:①明题意本题问的是"第一段中的画线词‘olfaction’是什么意思"。②寻线索根据下文可知,ConnieAllen和同事们通过测试大象对路边的大象尿液的感知能力来进行研究,最终发现,大象可以利用尿液的气味进行远距离活动,由此可知,嗅觉对大象的远距离活动尤为重要。画线词olfaction的含义应为"嗅觉"。③定答案A项"路边的路标";B项"嗅觉";C项"长期记忆";D项"方向感"。故B项正确。经典3+22.A

推断解题步骤如下:①明题意本题问的是"研究者是如何得出他们的结论的"。②寻线索根据第三、四段可知,研究人员在野外收集大象尿液样本,在七条大象常走的道路上安装摄像机来观察大象的行为,并把尿液样本放在路边来了解嗅觉对大象的影响。由此可推知,研究人员是通过野外研究的方式得出结论的。③定答案A项"通过进行野外研究";B项"通过分析原因和影响";C项"通过作比较";D项"通过做实验室实验"。故A项正确。经典3+2答案3.D

推断

解题步骤如下:①明题意本题问的是"根据文章,研究结果的潜在益处可能是什么"。②寻线索根据最后一段中的"useelephantpee…Ifwecantrickelephantsintothinkingotherelephantsaregoingthisway...comingintoconflictwithhumansatthemoment"可知,如果人类可以利用大象的尿液作为诱饵骗过大象,让它们以为其他大象正往这个方向走,或许人们就能引导大象改变行进方向,避免与人类发生冲突。由此可知,研究结果的潜在益处是使人类和大象能够和平共处。③定答案A项"帮助大象去寻找其他同伴";B项"启发关于大象的新的研究方向";C项"提高公众保护大象的意识";D项"使人类和大象能够和平共处"。故D项正确。经典3+2答案4.C

理解文章主旨要义

解题步骤如下:①明题意本题问的是"哪一个可用作本文的最佳标题"。②寻线索综观全文,尤其是第三段中的"anindication,theresearcherssaid,thatsmellsmayserveassignpostsalongthepaths"及第四段中的"anotherindicationthatsmellsmightbeaneffectivenavigationalsignal"可知,本文主要讲述的是行为生态学家ConnieAllen和同事们通过研究发现非洲象能根据尿液的气味进行远距离活动。③定答案A项"非洲象表现出基于个性的活动";B项"大象天生就有很好的导航能力";C项"非洲象可能会把尿液作为路标";D项"大象对道路有很好的记忆力"。故C项正确。经典3+2核心词汇核心单词Para.1:unbelievableadj.非常好(或坏、极端)的,难以置信的,惊人的Para.2:identifyv.确定,认出;发现,找到Para.3:indicationn.表明,标示,显示,象征signpostn.路标Para.5:conservationistn.自然环境保护主义者redirectv.使改变方向,使改变路线核心短语Para.5:tricksb.intosth./intodoingsth.骗某人做某事comeintoconflictwith...和……发生冲突经典3+2难句分析Afterobservingtheelephants’naturalbehaviouronthepaths,theynoticed

thatthemajorityoftheelephantscheckedsmellsalongthepaths—esperciallyelephants(travellingalone),that引导的宾语从句

现在分词短语后置定语whichisan

indication,theresearcherssaid,

(thatsmellsmayserveassignpostsalongthepaths.(Para.3)which引导非限制性定语从句，其中theresearcherssaid是插入语，that引导同位语从句译文:在观察了大象在道路上的自然行为后,他们发现大多数大象会检查路边的气味,尤其是独行的大象。研究者们说,这是一种标示,表明气味可能起了路边路标的作用。

创新1+1情境创新+命题创新创新1+1Passage7

[2023湖北七校联考]Pinocchiomaybejustachildren’sstory,butSpanishscientistsattheUniversityofGranadarecentlyinvestigatedtheso-called"Pinocchioeffect"andfoundthatournosesdon’tgrowlongerwhenwetellalie,butactuallygetalittlebitsmaller.Dr.GómezMilánandhisteamdevelopedaliedetectorthatusedthermalimaging(热成像)camerastotellifpeoplewerelying,andfoundthatwhenevertheparticipantsintheirresearchwerebeinguntruthful,thetemperatureoftheirnosedroppedbyabout1.2℃,whilethetemperatureoftheirforeheadincreasedbyabout1.5℃.Theyalsofoundthatthedropintemperatureofthenoseactuallycausedittobecomeslightlysmaller,althoughthedifferencecouldnotbeseenbyhumaneyes."Onehastothinkinordertolie,whichraisesthetemperatureoftheforehead,"Dr.GómezMilánexplainedthefindings."Atthesametimewefeelanxious,whichlowersthetemperatureofthenose."Forthisstudy,researchersaskedagroupof60studentstoperformvarioustaskswhilebeingscannedbythermalimagingcameras.Oneofthesetasksinvolvedmakinga3-to-4-minutecalltotheirparents,partnersorfriendsandtellinganimportantlie.Theparticipantshadtomakeuptheliethemselvesduringthecall,andthethermalimagingcameraspickedupthis"oppositePinocchioeffect"causedbythechangesintemperatureofthenoseandforehead.新情境·反匹诺曹效应创新1+1Interestingly,thethermalimagingliedetectorpickedupthetemperaturedifferencein80percentoftheparticipants,whichisabetterrateofsuccessthanthatofanymodernliedetectorusedbythepolice."Withthistechnologywehaveincreasedaccuracyandreducedthechancesof‘falsepositives’somethingthatisfrequentwithothermethods,"saidDr.GómezMilán,whoaddedthatthepolicecouldonedaycombineotherliedetectiontechnologywiththeirtechnologytoachievebetterresult