2023届高三英语外刊时文海盗奇闻精读精练讲义

外刊精读：海盗奇闻

内容摘要

Vikingsagasoftransatlanticjourneyshavethrilledpeopleforcenturies.

Historiansaresortingfactfromfiction-fromaccountsofclasheswithFirst

NationstowheretheNorsereallysettled.

阅读理解

Anyonestandingtodaybythewind-sweptshoreofEpavesBayatthenortherntipofNewfoundland

mightfindithardtocomprehendtheenormityofthemodestarchaeologicalsitethatextendsaround

them.Here,atL'AnseauxMeadows-thenameisprobablyagarbledreferencetoanoldFrenchnaval

vessel-lieswhatisstilltheonlyknownNorsesettlementinNorthAmerica.Itisanastonishingplace,

butitssignificancewasonlyrecognizedinrelativelyrecentdecades.Untilaslateasthe1960s,the

VikingadventureinNorthAmericawasknownonlysecond-handfromtheIcelandicsagas,thegreat

epictalesthatformoneofthejewelsofnorthernmedievalliterature.Thesestoriesmostlyconcernthe

VikingageofroughlyA.D.750-1050.buttheywerewrittendownhundredsofyearslater,primarilyinthe

13thcentury.Thedegreetowhichtheypreservegenuinememoriesofthesaga-writers'ancestors,or

whethertheyaremoreaformofhistoricalfiction,stilldividesscholarstoday.Theentirenarrativeof

NorsevoyagestoNorthAmericaiscontainedinjusttwoofthesetexts,theSagaoftheGreenlanders

andtheSagaofEriktheRed.BothsagastellthestoryofanunknowncountrywestofGreenland,found

byshipsblownoffcourse,withexploringexpeditionsandthebriefsettlementthatfollows.Infact,the

twosagasfrequentlycontradicteachother,withdifferentversionsofwhofirstsightedland,whowas

thefirsttosailthere,andeventhenumberofseparatevoyagesinvolved.

IntheSagaoftheGreenlanders,thepictureiscredibleinitscomplexityandinvolvesmultiplejourneys

toVinland.IntheSagaofEriktheRed,whichseemstohavebeenwrittenslightlylater,allthisis

compressedintoasingleVinlandvoyage.Allthestoriesarevividandrichwithdetail,humandrama,and

description,butonethingshinesthroughtomoderneyes:Thatthiswasno“discovery,“because

Vinlandwasalreadyinhabited.Inbothsagas,theNorserepeatedlyencounterlocalpeoplewhomthey

callSkraelingar,aderogatorytermmeaningsomethinglike“savages."IntheEriksaga,thetwogroups

initiallytradeinpeacebeforeviolenceeventuallybreaksoutoveramisunderstanding;inthe

Greenlandersversion,thereislethalconflictfromthestart.Therearedeathsonbothsides,anda

commonthemeisthattheNorseareultimatelyforcedtofleebecauseoftheindigenousresistanceto

theirpresence.Fromtheliteraryrecord,itappearsthattheNorsecommunityinVinlandwasquite

short-lived,afewyearsatmost.ItquicklybecameonlyamemorypreservedbytheGreenlanders,

whicheventuallyfounditswayintotheIcelandicsagas.

Archaeologicalfindshavecorroboratedthesagas'accountsofashort-livedNorsesettlementinNorth

America.Thenewfindsaresheddinglightonwhichaspectsofthesagashaveabasisinhistorical

reality,andwhich,perhaps,donot.ThebreakthroughcameinthediscoveryofthesiteofL'Anseaux

MeadowsinCanadabytheNorwegianwife-and-husbandteamofAnneStineandHelgeIngstadin

1960.ItseemsalmostcertainthatL'AnseauxMeadowswasnottheonlyNorsesettlementinNorth

America;toomanyaspectsofthesiteargueagainstitbeingthesolefoothold:Where,forexample,are

theburials,ortheevidenceforanimalhusbandry?Thesagasmentionlivestock,butiftrue,thereisno

signofthemonthissite.Archaeologistsandothershavelonglookedformoresitesofthiskind,but

nothinghasbeenconfirmedsofar.Afewyearsago,hopeswerebrieflyraisedwithsomepromising

signsfromPointRose©,inanapproximatelyequivalentlocationtoL*AnseauxMeadowsbutonthe

southwestcoast.Sadly,furtherfieldworkconfirmedthatallfeaturesonthesitewerenatural,andthe

searchforanelusivesecondsitecontinues.

Questions:

1.Whatisthecommonthemeoftwosagas?

A.Tradeinpeace.

B.Lethalconflict.

C.Norsemadeagetaway.

2.Whichtitlecanbestgeneralizeparagraph3?

A.Factsontheground.

B.TracesofL'AnseanxMeadows.

C.Sagasandsources.

结构分析

这两个传醐事醐述了格品岛醐一个不

为烦的国家的塘,但也同时存曲相辅

P1：掘人航行船美洲的故鞠龄文本

2处

记录，学部州拯段鞭幅般历存

在颁.

格於椎:酮躲性可保搬够嫡

往文酷的摩

P2：这龄传奇故戳生动戏节丰鼠

埃里克传奇：写解晚T,椭内容压城成

绪构分析共同挽鼬于垃撕抵醐人眼

一滤程的烂版______________

蹦源.

眼雕说内容,遗址处存在醐虬但却并没

P3：来需威的规发财触人醐美戢现这稣迹

定居的遗此种种磷表明这并不朝一

犍此寻虹作仍在进行。

内容解读

Anyonestandingtodaybythewind-sweptshoreofEpavesBayatthe

northerntipofNewfoundlandmightfindithardtocomprehendtheenormity

ofthemodestarchaeologicalsitethatextendsaroundthem.Here,atL'Anse

auxMeadows—thenameisprobablyagarbledreferencetoanoldFrench

navalvessel-UeswhatisstilltheonlyknownNorsesettlementinNorth

America.Itisanastonishingplace,butitssignificancewasonlyrecognizedin

relativelyrecentdecades.Untilaslateasthe1960s,theVikingadventurein

NorthAmericawasknownonlysecond-handfromtheIcelandicsagas,the

greatepictalesthatformoneofthejewelsofnorthernmedievalliterature.

ThesestoriesmostlyconcerntheVikingageofroughlyA.D.750-1050,but

theywerewrittendownhundredsofyearslater,primarilyinthe13thcentury.

Thedegreetowhichtheypreservegenuinememoriesofthesaga-writers'

ancestors,orwhethertheyaremoreaformofhistoricalfiction,stilldivides

scholarstoday.TheentirenarrativeofNorsevoyagestoNorthAmericais

containedinjusttwoofthesetexts,theSagaoftheGreenlandersandthe

SagaofEriktheRed.Bothsagastellthestoryofanunknowncountrywestof

Greenland,foundbyshipsblownoffcourse,withexploringexpeditionsand

thebriefsettlementthatfollows.Infact,thetwosagasfrequentlycontradict

eachother,withdifferentversionsofwhofirstsightedland,whowasthefirst

tosailthere,andeventhenumberofseparatevoyagesinvolved.

■standby

原文中搭配为bytheshore,表示“在岸边”,而本身含义丰富,其

一是“做好准备，准备行动”，例如：

■BritishandAmericanwarshipsarestandingbytoevacuatetheir

citizensifnecessary.英国和美国的战舰已准备好在必要时将本国公民撤离出去。

还可以表示“坐视不理,袖手旁观”，例如：

■TheSecretaryofDefencehassaidthathewouldnotstandbyandlet

democracybeunderminded.国防部长已经表示自己不会坐视民主遭到破坏。

还可以表示“继续支持（尤指身处困境的人）“，例如：

■Iwillstandbyyou,rightorwrong.我总是支持你的，无论你对或错。

还可以表示“坚持,遵守,信守（原有的决定、承诺或宣言）”，例如：

■Hecontinuestoinsistthatallhewroteinthebookisnothingbutthe

truth,andthathewillstandbyhisword.他仍坚持说，他在书里写的全都是事

实，他会信守自己说过的话。

■tip

原文为名词含义，表示“末梢，尖端”，例如：

•Thesleevescoveredhishandstothetipsofhisfingers.袖子遮住了他

的手，一直盖到指尖。

动词含义有“（使）倾斜，倒出”，例如：

■Heleanedawayfromher,andshehadtotipherheadbacktoseehim.

他倾着身子避开她，她不得不把头向后歪着看他。

名词含义还有“垃圾场,脏乱的场所”，例啦:

■Officershadfoundalargebreadknifeontherubbishtip.警察在垃圾

场发现了一把很大的面包刀。

名词含义还有“诀窍，忠告，指导”，例如：

■ItshowshowtoprepareaCV,andgivestipsonapplyingforjobs.它

说明了如何准备简历，并就如何申请职位提了些建议。

动词含义还可以表示“认定…会（微某事或获得成功）”，例如：

Heistippedtobethecountry'snextforeignminister.他被认定会成为该国

下一任外交部长。

*tipthescales/balance表示“使占优势”

»onthetipofone'stongue表示“话到嘴边（却没说出来）"

■course

原文为名词含义，表示“（船或飞机的）肮线,匿患“，例如：

■Aircraftcanavoideachotherbygoingupanddown,aswellasby

alteringcoursetoleftorright.飞机可以通过上下升降和左右移动改变航线来避

免相撞。

名词含义还有“行为方式，处理方式”，例如：

•MybestcourseofactionwastohelpGillbybeingloyal,lovingand

endlesslysympathetic.我能给吉尔的最大帮助就是对他忠诚、关爱他并且永远满

怀同情之心。

名词含义还有“进程，发展的方向“，例如：

•Inthenaturalcourseofeventscowswouldwishtobemilkedmore

thantwiceaday.按照事情发展的自然规律，母牛应该每天挤奶两次以上。

名词含义还有“（某科目的）课程，讲座；疗程”，例如：

■Treatmentissupplementedwithacourseofantibioticstokillthe

bacterium.治疗期间辅以一个疗程的抗生素注射来杀灭细菌。

动词含义表示“快速地流动，奔流”，例如：

•Whenyou'resittingstill,youneedlessbloodcoursingthroughyour

arteries.静坐时动脉血液流动较缓。

*inthecourseofsth.表示“在…过程中“

»asamatterofcourse表示“照例，理所当然"

*on/offcourse表示“在正确毓线上/偏离航线”

>beoncourseforsth.表示“很可能做成,可能获得“

*sth.runs/takesitscourse表示“任其发展”

*-staythecourse表示"坚持到底”

»inthecourseoftime表示“总有一天,终于“

・长难句分析

*Anyonestandingtodaybythewind-sweptshoreofEpavesBayat

thenortherntipofNewfoundlandmightfindithardtocomprehendthe

enormityofthemodestarchaeologicalsitethatextendsaroundthem.

*本句主干部分为Anyonemightfindithard

tocomprehendtheenormityofthemodestarchaeologicalsite,其中使用了

搭配"findit+adj.+t。d。"，it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式

todo."standingtodaybythewind-sweptshoreofEpavesBay”是动名词短

语充当后置定语,中间插入了时间状语today,"atthenortherntipof

Newfoundland”是修饰EpavesBay的地点状语，that引导定语从句，先行词是

"archaeologicalsite","them"指代"anyone

IntheSagaoftheGreenlanders,thepictureiscredibleinitscomplexity

andinvolvesmultiplejourneystoVinland.IntheSagaofEriktheRed,which

seemstohavebeenwrittenslightlylater,allthisiscompressedintoasingle

Vinlandvoyage.AHthestoriesarevividandrichwithdetail,humandrama,

anddescription,butonethingshinesthroughtomoderneyes:Thatthiswas

no"discovery,"becauseVinlandwasalreadyinhabited.Inbothsagas,the

NorserepeatedlyencounterlocalpeoplewhomtheycallSkraelingar,a

derogatorytermmeaningsomethinglike"savages."IntheEriksaga,the

twogroupsinitiallytradeinpeacebeforeviolenceeventuallybreaksoutover

amisunderstanding;intheGreenlandersversion,thereislethalconflictfrom

thestart.Therearedeathsonbothsides,andacommonthemeisthatthe

Norseareultimatelyforcedtofleebecauseoftheindigenousresistanceto

theirpresence.Fromtheliteraryrecord,itappearsthattheNorsecommunity

inVinlandwasquiteshort-lived,afewyearsatmost.Itquicklybecameonlya

memorypreservedbytheGreenlanders,whicheventuallyfounditswayinto

theIcelandicsagas.

■compress

原文为动词含义，表示“使简练,缩短“，例如：

■Heneverunderstoodhowtoorganizeorcompresslargemassesof

material.他从来就不懂如何对大篇幅的材料进行整理或精简。

动词含义还有”（使）压紧，压缩”，例如：

■Poorposture,sittingorwalkingslouchedover,compressesthe

body'sorgans.坐着或者走路的时候低头垂肩，这种不正确的姿势会压迫体内的器

官。

动词含义还有“缩短（时间）”，例如：

■Thefourdebateswillbecompressedintoanunprecedentedlyshort

eight-dayperiod.这四场辩论将被压缩到短短八天的时间，这是前所未有的。

名词含义表示"（用以退烧的）敷布"，例如:

■Sorethroatsmayberelievedbycoldcompresses.喉咙痛用冷敷布敷一

下可能会好一些。

*condense,contract,shrink都可以表示“收缩,压缩”,注意区分:

condense:指将东西缩得更紧凑,但不失去原有的内容。

compress:指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。

contract:主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩,也可用作引申。

shrink:侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度.体积或容积。

■breakout

原文使用的含义是"（战争或疾病）爆发”，例如：

•IwasinanightclubinBrixtonandafightbrokeout.当时我在布利克斯

顿的一家夜总会里，那里发生了一场斗殴。

还可以表示“越狱,超第〃，例如：

■Thetwomenbrokeoutoftheircellsandcutthroughaperimeter

fence.这两个人逃出牢房，并越过了围墙。

还可以表示“摆脱（单调刻板的状况）“，例如：

It'stakenalongtimetobreakoutofmyownconventionaltraining.

我花了很长时间才摆脱掉自身所受的传统训练的羁绊。

还可以表示“布满（汗水），出（疹子）”，例如：

■Apersonwhoisallergictocashewsmaybreakoutinarashwhenhe

consumesthesenuts.对腰果过敏的人吃了这些坚果后身上可能会出疹子。

Archaeologicalfindshavecorroboratedthesagas'accountsofa

short-livedNorsesettlementinNorthAmerica.Thenewfindsareshedding

lightonwhichaspectsofthesagashaveabasisinhistoricalreality,andwhich,

perhaps,donot.Thebreakthroughcameinthediscoveryofthesiteof

L'AnseauxMeadowsinCanadabytheNorwegianwife-and-husbandteam

ofAnneStineandHedgeRingstedin1960.Itseemsalmostcertainthat

L'AnseauxMeadowswasnottheonlyNorsesettlementinNorthAmerica;

toomanyaspectsofthesiteargueagainstitbeingthesolefoothold:Where,

forexample,aretheburials,ortheevidenceforanimalhusbandry?Thesagas

mentionlivestock,butiftrue,thereisnosignofthemonthissite.

Archaeologistsandothershavelonglookedformoresitesofthiskind,but

nothinghasbeenconfirmedsofar.Afewyearsago,hopeswerebrieflyraised

withsomepromisingsignsfromPointRosee,inan

approximatelyequivalentlocationtoL'AnseauxMeadowsbutonthe

southwestcoast.Sadly,furtherfieldworkconfirmedthatallfeaturesonthe

sitewerenatural,andthesearchforanelusivesecondsitecontinues.

■shedlighton

固定搭配，表示“揭露，阐明；使…清楚地显出”,shed可与cast、throw替

换，例如:

■Tworecent,unanimousSupremeCourtdecisionshaveshedlighton

themeaningofthisvagueexemption.两个最近的、意见一致的最高法院的判

决为这一模糊例外的含义作了说明。

»sheditsleaves表示“落叶,蜕皮,脱毛”

>sheditsload表示“（卡车）意外地掉落（货物）”

>shedtears表示"落泪”

>shedblood表示“屠杀;（在战争中）流血死亡”

■sole

原文为形容词含义，表示“唯一的,仅有的”，例如：

■TheirsoleaimistodestabilizetheIndiangovernment.他。］唯一的目的

就是要动摇印度政府的统治。

形容词含义还有"（控制权或所有权）唯一的*独占的”，例如：

■Manywomenareleftasthesoleprovidersinfamiliesaftertheir

husbandhasdied.许多女人在丈夫去世后只好独自抚养一家人。

名词含义表示“脚掌,鞋底,袜底”，例如：

•Hehadburnedthesoleofhisfoot.他的一只脚脚底被灼伤了。

>only,unique也可以表示“唯一的"，注意区分:

only:侧重仅限于指定的人或物,而不需要更多。