主谓一致【全国一等奖】

主谓一致一、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：1.

语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.

意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。3.

就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，如“Therebe

句型”即适用这一原则。二、主谓一致的具体应用1.名词作主语1)集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。

有些集合名词如cattle,people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。e.g.Theteam

isthebestintheleague.Theteam

aredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.（team意为“队员们”）

Thepolice

arealsolookingforasecondcar.2)单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工厂）等。

e.g.Theonlymeansofcommunicationbetweenthemwassignlanguage.Allmeans

havebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.3)表示单数概念的复形名词，（如：学科、机构、书名、剧名）等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g.Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.

TheTimesisBritain’soldestnationaldaily.4)表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。

e.g.Apairoftrousersisonthebed.Mybluetrousershavewornout.5)当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

e.g.Sevenkilometerswascoveredintwohours.

Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.

Tenminuteswasgiventopreparetheanswer.6)“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时,如表示一类可数的人或事物,谓语动词用复数,这类词有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。

e.g.Theunemployed

leadamiserablelife.7)“morethanone/manya+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式;“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。

e.g.Thereis

morethanoneanswertoyourquestion.

Manyacriticissatisfiedwiththeplay.

Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.8)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。

e.g.Onlyonethirdofthework

wasdone

yesterday.

Threefourthsofthestudents

cometo

schoolon

time.2.代词作主语1)由代词each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。

e.g.Twoboysentered.Eachwascarryingasuitcase.

Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.2)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

e.g.Davidisoneofthosepeoplewhohave

troublemakinguptheirminds.（先行词是people）

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho

waslatethismorning.（当one前有

theonly时，先行词是one）3)all,most,none,some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。

e.g.Allwhohavestudiedthisquestion

havecometo

thesameconclusion.

None

ismorequalifiedforthetask

thanhe.3.由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1)用and或both...and...连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。e.g.Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.

Lawandorder

meansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.

Thereisawatchandchainonthetable.

（watchandchain带链的表）2)当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。

e.g.Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.3)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。

e.g.Eitherhisbrotheror

hisfriendsare

wrong.

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteachergoestotheexhibition.4.从句及非谓语动词作主语1)名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表两个概念时,谓语动词用复数。另外,what从句作主语时,谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。e.g.Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristsareinjuredarestillunknown.

Whatyouwantisabigbag.Youneednotgetanymorestamps.What

wehavearequitesufficient.2)动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

e.g.Smoking/Tosmokeisabadhabit.1.Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six_____(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.（2019全国卷I语法填空）are2.Dosethenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion__________________(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.（2019北京卷语法填空）suggests/suggested/hassuggested3.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,____awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.（2019天津卷单项填空）

A.isgivenB.aregivenC.wasgivenD.weregivenC4.Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody________________(have)toworryaboutfashion.（2019浙江卷语法填空）has/willhave5.Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers____tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.（2019江苏卷单项填空）

A.givesB.hasgivenC.havegivenD.give6.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.（2018全国卷I语法填空）Bis找出下面短文中的语法错误并改正。ATheColumbiaIcefieldTheRockyMountains,ontheborderoftheprovincesofAlbertaandBritishColumbia,hasmanyattractionsfortourists.OneattractionistheColumbiaIcefield.Thishugefieldofancienticecover125squarekilometers.havecoversTheAthabasca,StutfieldandDomeglaciers(冰河)makeuptheicefield.Astheicemelts,thewaterflowintofourmajorriversystems.ThesesystemsistheColumbia,Fraser,MackenzieandSaskatchewan.Themeltedwatermovesdowntheseriversintothreedifferentoceans,thePacific,ArcticandAtlantic.flowsareThishighpointinacontinent’swatersystemiscalleda“hydrologicalapex(水文顶点)”,andtheColumbiaIcefieldisoneofonlytwosuchapexesintheworld.TouristsvisittheicefieldfromApriltoOctobereachyear.Walkingtoursandcoachtoursisavailable.ManypeoplegototheicefieldbecauseitisthebiggestareaoficeandsnowinNorthAmericasouthoftheArcticCircle.

areBCalcium,whichisoneoftheworld’smostcommonelements,areimportantforgrowingstrongbonesandteeth.Everyanimalrequire