高中被动语态精心制作编辑(非比制作)

高一语法被动语态PassiveVoiceWarmingup《LoveToBeLovedByYou》是一首旋律优美的英文歌曲，演唱者是美国流行歌手马克·特伦茨（MarcTerenzi）。2005年，Marc与德国歌手莎拉·寇娜（SarahConnor）结婚时，将这首歌作为爱的礼物献给妻子。Task1FilltheblankbythesongBaby,tellmehowcanItellyou

ThatIyoumorethanlife

ShowmehowcanIshowyou

ThatI’mbyyourlight

WhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyou

Tofindoutthedreamistrue

Itobeloved

Ineedtobe

Itobebyyou

loveblindedlovelovedloveloved

Summary:主动or被动？

主动被动ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatI’mblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou

(一)语态分类(六)总结：被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化(四)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(五)

含有情态动词的被动语态：(二)被动语态的使用(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be+done(及物动词的过去分词)构成。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般过去将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone

should/would+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

shall/will+havebeen+done

should/would+havebeen+done

1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.

(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.

Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.❶.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven❷.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing❸.Manybridges___overtheriversinceliberation.A.arebuiltB.HavebuiltC.builtD.havebeenbuilt❹.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto____inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built

2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.

Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.

Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.

❺.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.A.amnotB.haven’tbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe析：should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”，例如：Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm,butitwasntpossible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。3.一般将来时：

(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.

❻.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.

(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：

(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.❼.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?

—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.

A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked

C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。❽.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态6.过去进行时：

(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.

Theroadwasbeingmended.

(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.

7.现在完成时：

(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.

Hisbookhasbeenbrought

here.8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.

(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.❾.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?

—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.

A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked

C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。❿.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have⑪.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.

Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.

Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.Askandanswer

watereverydayathomemygrandmaA:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.WhenWhereWho被动语态的使用⑫.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.(NMET)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。⑬．Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.(NMET)A.havebeentakenplace…havebeensetupB.havetakenplace…havebeensetupC.havetakenplace…havesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetup析：takeplace（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因setup(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。1、不及物动词无被动语态，常考的有不及物动词或词组有happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2023/7/4第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：

Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.

Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.2023/7/42.open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态

Theshopopenstill12o'clockatnight.

3.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,sound,taste,look,feel,get,turn,become等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.⑭.Thismusic_____theMoonlightSonata.A.islistenedtoB.isheardC.issoundedlikeD.soundslike⑮.Thiscar_____ausedcar.A.doesn’tlooklikeB.isn’tlikedlikeC.doeslookD.looks4.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)2023/7/45.在need，want，require,deserve等+doing，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如needdoing=needtobedone1).树需要浇水。Thetreesneedwatering.=Thetreesneedtobewatered.2).孩子需要照顾。Childrenwantlookingafter.=Childrenwanttobelookedafter.3).电视机需要修理。TheTVneedsrepairing.=TheTVneedstoberepaired.4).这电影值得一看。Thefilmdeservesseeing.=Thefilmdeservestobeseen.Thefilmdeservesseeing.=Thefilmdeservestobeseen.2023/7/46.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thenoveliswellworthreading．＝Thenovelisveryworthytoberead．注：bewellworthdoing为固定搭配，表示非常值得做，只用well修饰，不用其它修饰，不用其它2023/7/47.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和其所修饰的名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中主语构成主谓关系,

不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．

（动词不定式todo修饰things,与things构成动宾关系，又与句子主语I构成主动关系，此时用不定式的主动形式表被动）同理：Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(动词不定式tobeposted修饰aletter，与aletter构成动宾关系，但与句子主语you不是主动关系，因此需用不定的的被动语态))2023/7/48.“be+under/in等介词+名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态含义常用的这种结构有：underconsideration正在被考虑中underconstruction正在被建设中underdiscussion正在被考虑中underexamination正在被检查中underprotection正在被保护中underrepair正在被修理中Theproblemisunderdiscussionatthemeeting.（问题正在会议上被讨论）=Theproblemisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.9.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。如,双宾语动词givesbsth=givesthtosbMyuncle

gave

me

apresent

onmybirthday.I

wasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物sth)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人sb)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.Mymumboughtashirtforme.你会改吗？一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词

to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell

等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词

for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing

等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

2023/7/410.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。1).Thebossmadethechildwork12hoursaday.Thechildwasmadetowork12hoursaday.2).Isawthemanenterthebuilding.Themanwasseentoenterthebuilding.3).Dr.Leeheardthemansinglastnight.Themanwasheardtosinglastnight.⑲.They___dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork2023/7/411.谓语动词带有介词或副词，变为被动语态介词或副词需保留1)Weshouldmakefulluseoftime.

Timeshouldbemadefulluseof.2)MyauntwilllookafterDabaowhenmymotherisnotathome.Dabaowillbelookedafterbymyauntwhenmymotherisnotathome.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

不及物动词+介词，如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout

等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.⑰.Thatkindofshirts__cotton.

A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof⑱.Mysuitaremade___cottonand___Shanghai.A.from,inB.of,inC.of,byD.from,by12.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说……

Itissaidthat…

据报导……

Itisreportedthat…

据推测……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

众所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议……

Itissuggestedthat…

1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.2023/7/4句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”

=“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.＝Theboyissaidto

havepassedthenationalexam.2023/7/4注意

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by

短语。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by

短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by

短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.2023/7/44.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.

Weloveeachother.

误：Eachotherisloved.2023/7/4谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：

Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.

Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.2023/7/4