探究英国酒吧文化与礼仪1

.IntroductionTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandislocatedinthewestofEuropeancontinentalshelf,whichconsistsofEngland,Scotland,Welsh,NorthernIreland,andsomesmallislands.Intheaspectofculture,thereisnotaunifiedBritainculture,butithasEnglandculture,Scotlandculture,Welshculture,IrishcultureeventhoughAsian-Britishculture.Ingeneral,thesefeaturesofcultureincommonisthepubculture.Reportedly,ifyouwanttomakefriendswiththelocalsandknowmoreaboutlocalconditions,youshouldgototheBritishpub.ItissaidthateverystreetineverytownhasataverninEngland,andsomeofthemliedinthecorner.AsChinesesmallrestaurants,thedoorofsomepubsopenedtoonesideorbothsidesofthestreet.AndnowinBritain,therearemorethantenthousanddifferentstylebars,includingcenturies-oldpubs.TheBritishpubculturereallyhasalonghistory.ThispapergivesacomparativestudyontheBritishpubcultureandtheetiquettes.TheauthorhopestofindasatisfiedmethodthroughanalyzingthehistoryandthedevelopmentofBritishpubculture.Atthesametime,theauthoralsohopesthispapercanprovidesomehelpfulsuggestionsforChinesewhowanttovisittotheU.K.Thispaperisdividedintosixparts.Inthefirstpart,theauthorbrieflyintroducesthebackgroundofthisstudy,structureofthethesis.AnditpresentsthedevelopmentoftheBritishpubcultureinthesecondpart.Inthethirdpart,theauthorsuggeststhereasonofpubculture’sprosperityandpropagationfromthreeaspects.AndthethesisanalyzestheinfluenceofBritishpubcultureonlatergenerationandillustratestheetiquettesandrulesofBritishpubinthefollowingparts.Finally,itprovidessomesuggestionsabouttheBritishpubculture.ThisthesisiswrittenonthepurposeofintroducingBritishpubculturetopeoplewhowantstogainmoreknowledgeoftheU.K.2.TheBritishPubCultureThereisalonghistoryofseveralcenturiesofdrinkingalcoholinpubsinBritain.Inthepast,onlymencouldgotopubstodrinkandenjoyafterfinishingtheirhardwork.Andwomenjuststayedathomeanddidhousework.Nowadaysthepicturehaschangedcompletely.Bothmenandwomencangotopubsatanytimeaslongaspubsopen.Somepubsalsowelcomechildrenwhofollowtheirparent(s).Evensomepubsofferfamilymenusforparentsandchildren,andprovidechildrenwithplayareatoencourageandattractfamiliestovisittheirpubs.2.1TheTypesofWineTheBritainpubsarecountless.Ingeneral,mostofpubssupplybeer,grapewine,liquor,andsoftdrinkswithoutalcohol.Thewaterwithbubblesusuallyisfree.Firstly,wetalkaboutbeer.ThebeeristhecommonchoicewhenBritishgotothepub.Drinkingbeerisasimplewaytointegrateintothesocietywhilethebeerisjustlikeacatalyst.Itcanhelppeoplequicklyreducethepsychologicaldistance.Althoughtherearekindsofalcoholsinpubs,itcandivideintothreeparts.InBritainpubs,themostrepresentativebeerisbitter.Thiskindofbeerwithalayerofwhitefoamandittakesonredoramber.Bittertastesdryandithasalotofkick.Thesecondkindofwineislager.Thelagerhasmanybrands,withlightcolorandlightnesshopsandalsotastesfresh.Basicallyeverypubsupplyit.Thethirdkindofbeerisstout,whichisthehottestwine.Itismadeupofmaltsandhops.Thereisalsoamoredistinctivewinecalledfruitwine.Itscolorlikesgeneralbeerandtastessweet,butismadewithfruit.Inaddition,pubsalsosellvariouswine,whisky,gin,andvodka.Ifyoudonotwanttodrinkwine,youcanhavesomesoftdrinkswithoutalcohol.Forinstance,juice,lemonade,coca-cola,etc.2.2TheTypesofPubTherearealsoaplentyofthemepubsintheU.K.Theyspeciallyserveagroupofpeoplewhohavethesamehabitandinterest.Ifasportsfanwantstotalkaboutsomethingaboutsportsandmakefriendswithsportsfans,he(she)willconsidergoingtoasports-theme-pub.Forexample,onmatchdays,mostfootballfansgotothefootballpubstowatchfootballlivematches.Actually,therearemanydifferentkindsofthemepubs,suchasrockpubs,bookpubs,moviepubs,etc.Inchina,moreandmorethemepubsgraduallyappearanddevelopinsomebigcitiessuchasBeijing,ShanghaiandGuangzhou,andareacceptedandenjoyedbymostChinesepeople.IntheU.K.,therearealsootherspecialtypesofpubs,suchascountrypubs,withthecountryatmosphere,usuallyinsmallscenicvillages.Studentpubsofferspecialplaceswherestudentscangetacquaintedwithordatewithotherstudentsfromdifferentplacesorcountries.Internationalstudentsusuallyprefergotothistypeofpubs,inwhichtheycanmakefriendsfromothercountries,meetsomebodyfromtheirowncountries,alsopracticeEnglishandlearntheBritishcultureatthesametime(Sun2).2.3TheOriginofPubThepubisanabbreviationofpublichouseinBritain.Pubhasalonghistoryasacommunityculture.IthasanalienablerelationshipwiththeEnglandhistoryandsociallife.Althoughtoday’spub,whetherdecorationorscale,whichiscannotmentionedinthesamebreath.Butmostofpubsdecoratedwithancientstyleandmadeguestsfeelathome.Manycountrysidepubsaresoantiquethatyoucanguessitshistoryandbackgroundstoryonlythroughsignboard.TheBritainpubdevelopedfromtheeleventhcentury,poorhousetonowadayspublichouse,andithasexperiencedeveryperiod,playedadifferentsocialrole,andcontributedindeliblecontributiontoBritain’sdevelopment.2.3.1TheEarlyPublicPubIntheearlyeleventhcentury,after“WilliamtheConqueror”controllingtheEngland,andBritain’seconomicenteredintoanageof”extendingwithoutdeveloping”.Becausethestruggleforpowerforalongperiod,delayingthedevelopmentoftheBritisheconomic.Atthattime95%Britishsettledintheruralplaceandreliedoncultivating.Theimplementationofthefeudalserfdomsystemmademanypeasantsbecomeserfandtieinthemanor.SerfswereexploitationandoppressionbyLords.Mostofserfsmadelivingbyrentinglands,andtheyhadnochancetotravelaround.Moreover,Englandwasscarcelypopulatedandthetrafficwasunderdevelopment.So,itisinconvenientforBritishtomovearound.TheonlymotivationofBritishawayfromhomeistogotoChurch,becausetheywanttogetasolaceofmentalandemancipationofphysical.Pilgrimsreckedlittleofthedangerandtrudgedhundredsofmilestopray.Monksofmanymonasteriesweremovedbytheirsincerity.Thus,monksbuiltsomeworkhouses,warmlyreceivedandhelpedthosewhowereinneed,andprovidedaccommodationtopilgrims.Becauseofthepoorconditionatthattime,allguestslivedtogetherandsleptonthegrass.Withtheimprovementofthecondition,somewealthymenenjoyedaseparateroom.InstageoftheProtestantReformation,alargeofmonasteriesweredissolved,butsomeworkhousesweresurvivedforwell-known.SofarinGlastonbury,peoplestillsawahotelnamed“GeorgeandPilgrim”.Theoriginofanotherkindofpubisassociatedwithchurch.AfterWilliamaccedingtothethrone,followingtheLatinculture,especiallywithalargenumberofNormandypriestscomingtoEngland,andgreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceintheChurchofEnglandandmonasteries.Theyimprovedtheculturelevelofchurchandmonastery,atthesametime,theybuiltmanychurchesandmonasteriesincountryside.Duetotheneedofbuilding,thelocalpriestssetuptemporaryresidenceforbuildersnearthechurch.Afterthecompletionofchurch,theseroomswereinchargeofpriests.Then,theybegantotakesomehikersandmakemoney.Thethirdhotelwasbuiltbythemedievalmanorandmanagedbythehousekeeper,orleavingtheoldhouseafterwalkingaroundwiththefamily.Thiskindofpubisstillhavingthefamilynameorbadge.2.3.2TamboTheriseoftamboisconnectedwiththedevelopmentofEnglandroadtraffic.Astheeconomicgrows,theEnglandpopulationincreasedandcommercialactivitiesdeveloped.Toadaptwiththeeconomic,thetrafficconditionwasimproved,especiallythetransportationdevelopedrapidlyduringtheEnglishRevolutionParliamentcalledlaborstorepairroadsbecauseofmilitarynecessityduringthewartime.Theincreasingofwartimemailsforcedthecarriagefortransportingmailstodeliverontime.Whenthewarended,somemainstreetstoLondonranasmallamountcarriages.Becauseofthebadconditionsofroad,thepoorspringofcarriage,andthetime-consumingtravels,travelingbycaroftenbringthepainofbodyandtestthestrength.Tamboappearedinordertomaketravelerseasier.Bytheeighteenthcentury,trafficconditionimproved,thebuildingoftamboesreachedprimetime,andsomemajortavernsbegantoappear.Indoorconditionsgreatlyimproved,sotravelersgotabetterservice.Intheageofcarriageasthemainmeansoftransportation,becauseofhorselimitedenergy,theyneededrestinthehalfwayandrecruitedprovisions,whiletambowasthebestplace.Thesetamboesexpandedstablesinthebackyardandpreparedfeed;Inthelobby,theownerofthesetamboespreparedwineandfoodforeveryguest,warmlywelcomevisitors,andrenderedservicesforthem.Thehotelalsopreparedroomsforthosewhoneededtostayovernight,soguestscanenjoythemselves.In1784,whenmail-coachintroduced,sometamboesbecameatransferstationtoexchangehorsesandriders.Andtheownerservedasthelocalpostman.Theyhelptodistributeandcollectmails.Uptonow,peoplecanstillseeusedpostboxinapubnamed“GeorgeDragon”.Althoughtamboesdevelopedfast,withoutadaptingwiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomic.TheywasaflashinthepanintheBritainhistory.WiththecomingofIndustrialRevolutionandtheconstructionofrailways,manytamboesdisappeared.Onlyafterwiththedevelopmentofautomobileindustry,sometamboesrevivedagain.2.3.3WatersidePubTheGreatBritainsurroundedbythesea,anditscoastlinewascomplicated.ThespecialgeographicalenvironmentformednumerousharborsanditisthemainreasonofadvancedseafaringofEnglandandstartedearlyoftheworldtrade.GeographyandclimateoftheBritainalsoformedrivers.Inhisalittleland,riversaretenselydistributedandithasagreatsignificantofBritishlife,transportation,andagriculture.Withtheincreasinglyfrequentcommercialactivitiesontheseaandinlandwatertransportation,thereweresometavernsaroundwatersideandharbor.Businessmenandpeoplewhocrossedriverbyboatbothcanwaitinthesepubs.Ingeneral,boatmenpreparedsomewineforwaitingpeopleinhisownroominordertokilltime.Atthesametimetheyhopethatguestscantalkmoreoutsidenews.Thisistherudimentofwatersidepub.Bytheeighteenthcentury,inordertoadapttotheindustrialdevelopmentandprovideconvenientconditionfortransportinggoods,soEnglanddugalotofcanals.Tavernsalongcanalsbecameplacesforwatertradingandforboatmendistributingandcollectingmailsliketamboes.Thus,forexample,thosepubsnamed“Boat”“Ship”“Navigation”“Barge”wereproductionsofthatage.Whentherailwayreplacedthewatertransportation,thewatersidepubswereabandoned.Recently,theentertainmentindustrydeveloped,moreandmorepeopleenjoythemselvestoplaywateronweekends.Riversiscleaned,wateractivitiescomealive,andtheusedpubswerefullofvitalityagain.Visitorscansitinthepubappreciatingthebeautifulscenerybywindowwhentheytired,andtheycanalsoenjoythesunshineintheplatform.Evensomeofthepubownerisunique,theyputtablesinboatsinthewaterandguestssitinboatsdrinkingortalking.3.TheReasonofPubCulture’sProsperityandPropagationPubwasderivedfromEuropeanContinental,butwhyitispopularinEnglandandspreadallovertheworldacrosstheocean?Thekeyreasonisthatitisrelatedwithgeographicalenvironment,climate,andeconomy.Geographyisthemotherofhistoryanditiscloselyrelatedwiththeformationandthedevelopmentofculture.Thegeographicalenvironmentofacountryoranationexertedagreatinfluenceonthenationalcharacter.Historically,Englandspecialislandenvironmentcreatedadvantagesforseafaring,developmentofnavy,expansion,andthebuildingofpowerfulempire.TheislandgeographyandglorioushistorymadeBritishproudandexclusivecharacteranditalsoinfluencedeveryaspectofBritishsociallife.3.1FromthePerspectiveofGeographyBritain

is

an

island

country

surrounded

by

the

sea.

It

lies

in

the

North

AtlanticOcean

off

the

north

coast

of

Europe.

It

is

separated

from

the

rest

of

Europe

by

theEnglish

Channel

in

the

south

and

the

North

Sea

in

the

east.Englandfromnorthtosouthis1,000kilometers,thewidestplaceis500kilometersandcoversanareaof244,100squarekilometers.Therefore,anypartofthecountryisnotfarfromtheseacoastanditrichinresources.TheEnglandcoastislongandithasdeep-waterport.TheBritishseachannelextendstoinland,soitprovideslowertransportation.The

north

and

west

of

Britainaremainlyhighlands;andtheeastandsoutheastarelowlands.

Britain

has

a

temperate

maritime

climate,which

is

mild

and

humid

throughout

theyear.Italsohas

a

steady

reliable

rainfall

throughout

the

whole

year.

The

averageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Buttheweatherchangesfrequentlyeachday.Sometimesapersoncanexperiencefourseasonsinoneday.Morningissunnylikespring.Afteroneortwohours,thecloudsgatheredandshowerspoureddown.Atnoon,thetemperaturefell8degreeslikewinter.Theweatherwouldbesummerbeforedark.ItissaidthattheuncertaintyweatherhasagreatinfluenceontheBritishcharacterandtheyarecautions.SotheBritishpeoplealwaysgooutwithanumbrella.Andtheconversationbetweenstrangersusuallystartfromtalkingabouttheweather,like“it’saniceday,isn’tit?”Thatistosay,whencommunicatingwithBritishpeople,talkingabouttheweatherwillshowyourfriendship.Becausetheweatherisnotsuitableforpeopledoingoutdoorsactivities,mostofBritishchoosetogotopubenjoythemselvesandrelax.ThisisthekeyreasonisthatpubismorepopularinEnglandthanothercountriesintheworld.3.2FromthePerspectiveofEconomyInearlyeleventhcentury,Englandeconomicdevelopedslowly,95%peoplelivedincountryside.Attheendoffifteenthcentury,Columbusdiscoveredthenewcontinent,unprecedenteddevelopmentofseafaring,andEuropeanmerchantswithgreatjoys.Intheolddays,theycanonlytravelbackandforthintheMediterranean,butnow,thePacific,theAtlanticeventhewholeworldbecametheirbusinessmarket.Thespacewasexpandedanditmeansthatitwasconvenientforthemtomakemoney.Britainisoneoftheearliestworld’seconomicdevelopedcountries.Inthelateeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,itbecametheworld’sfirstindustrializedcountry.BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,Britainisanagriculturalcountrytoprotecttheirownagriculturalandrestrictedimportagriculturalproducts,whichadaptedforthebenefitofthepeopleatlarge.AftertheIndustrialRevolution,themajorityofBritishengagedintheindustryandcommerce,andworkersweredemandingbetterpay.Thegoodeconomicconditionsandhighindustrializationprovidespeoplewithfacilitiesforentertainment,andpeoplehavetimetomakefriendsandrelaxthemselves.Naturally,thepubisthefirstchoiceforpeopletodoactivities.Therefore,theformationandprosperityofpubhasaninextricableconnectionwithBritaineconomic.3.3FromthePerspectiveofBritishSocietyInthedevelopmentprocessforthousandsofyears,BritishpubculturehasalreadyinfiltratedthroughallaspectsofBritishsociety.Duringtheinitialstageofpubestablishment,itmadeoutstandingcontributionstothedevelopmentofthecauseofthereligious.Later,pubasthebusinessactivitiesoftheintermediaryplacetopromotethedevelopmentofBritaineconomic.Pubalsoplayedacertainroleinthepoliticalfield.ItissaidthatCharlesIandCharlesIIhidinpubtokeepawayfromhuntingofenemysoldiers.In1605,EnglandreligiousandKinghadanirreconcilableconflict,andBritishCatholicsconceived“GunpowderPlot”inapubnamed“RedLion”,whichwasafailedassassinationattemptagainstKingJamesIofEnglandandVIofScotlandbyagroupofprovincialEnglishCatholicsledbyRobertCatesbyandtheyevenplannedtoblowupthehousesofparliament.Inlater18centuries,therewasanoutstandingEnlightenmentthinkernamedThomasPaine,aradicalpropertiedclassdemocrat,finishedaworldfamousmasterpiecenamed“RightsofMan”.Pubisanimportantplacewhereallkindsofclubs,associations,andorganizationscanorganizeactivities.Itissaidthatcricketandfootballinitiallycreatedinthepub.Today,theusingrulesofcricketmatchfirstlyformulatedinapubnamed“HammBreton”ineighteenthcentury.Nowadays,thehabitofBritishfansdrinkingandwatchingfootballmatchisfamousintheworld.Pubprovidedopportunityforthedevelopmentofsportsandmusic.Britishcometothepub,drinkingandchatting,listeningtomusic,evensomeyoungpeopledancinggracefullywiththemusic.Andtherearesomemusicloverstaketheirowninstrumentstodisplayskills.Therefore,pubbecameaplaceofplayingmusic.Forexample,theworldfamoustheBeatles,itsfounderJohnLennonandhispartnersplayedmusicthatinfluencedseveralgenerationsinapubnamedCaverninLiverpoolMatthewstreet.4.TheInfluenceofBritishPubCultureonLaterGenerationTheBritishpubculturecanspreadallovertheworldiscloselyrelatedwiththeexpansionofBritain,thepromotionofEnglish,andthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.DuringtheregionofElizabethI,theUKworldtradewaswell-developed.AfterdefeatingtheSpanishArmadain1588,theUKdominatedtheseasandopenedupthefutureoftheGreatBritain.TheUKputtheirowncultureintoonthecoloniesandmadethemacceptitslifestylethroughcolonialexpansion.Especiallyinrecentdecades,Englishhasbecometheinternationallanguage,manyoftheyoutharedesireforstudyingidiomaticEnglish.Britain’srichculturalconnotationandpeacefulsocialatmosphereattractedmanystudents.TheseyoungpeoplelearnedadvancedknowledgeandtechnologyandalsoinfluencedbytheUKculture.Ontheotherhand,pubcultureisalsoderivedfromthespreadofglobalizationofcommunicationsandmediatechnology.Nowadays,peoplenotonlysharetechnologyinformation,alsoculturalresources,andthewesterncultureisacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.Besides,transnationaltourism

alsoprovides

convenientconditionsforthe

spreadingof

bar

cultureAllinall,theBritishpubcultureexertedinfluenceonlatergeneration.4.1ConnectionsBetweenPubandSportsTheBritishpubculturewithahistoryofathousandoldyears,inthemeanwhile,itisafavoriteplaceforBritishpeople.Theyliketohaveadrinkatthelocalpub,goforawalkinthecountry,workinthegardenorwatchsportsonthetelevisiononweekendsorwhentheirdailyshiftsatworkhaveended.SuchactivitiestellusabouthowmodernBritishliketoenjoytheirleisuretime;butifwelookmoreclosely,wecanseetheseactivitiesarenotjustrecentinventions,butaredeeplyrootedintheBritishexperienceovercenturies.Goingtoapublichouseforaglassofale,workingthelandorgoingtowatchaballgamewerefamiliaractivitiesinShakespeare’stime.AndbecausemanyofthesportsweseeplayedthroughouttheworldtodaywereborninBritain,thehistoryofsuchactivitiesisofinteresttopeopleeverywhere.Withtimegoesby,pubchangedinforming.Now,themostpopularpubis“SportsBar”inLondon,itmeansthatpubwithabigscreentelevisionandpeopledrinkingandwatchingsportsprograms.Themostattractiveprogramisfootballmatch.Footballisahottopicinpubs.Inthepast,Britainwasamainlyagriculturalsocietywithmostpeopleinvolvedinfarming,wherethetimingofharvestsandthegeneralweatheraffectedhopeoplespenttheirtime.Footballisaviolentsportanditstillplayedinwinterandearlyspringwhentheweatheriscoolandoftenwet.Peopleoftenstayedindoorswhentheweatherwasbadinthewinterandtherewasnotheavyworktodoonthefarmland.Menfoundthattheyrequiredtoreleaseexcessenergythroughdoingsports,sotheygottogetherandinventedafastgamenamedfootball.Therearelegendsthatsuggestthatgameslikefootballandrugbyactuallyderivedfromthe“sport”ofancientwarriorscelebratingvictorybykickingaroundthedecapitatedheadofanenemy.Whileallsocialclassesusedtojoininthelocalfootballmatch,duringtheRenaissancetheideabegantoemergethatsomesportsweretooroughforaristocraticyoungmen.Today,footballviolencegetsalotofattention.Theorganizersstrictlycontrolledeverystepofgame,suchassellingticketsandensuringthesecurityofeveryviewer.Becausetheyshouldguaranteethatspectatorscanenjoythegame.TheFootballAssociationistheleaguethatmajorteamscompetein,foratrophytitleknownastheFACup.TheBritishhadahabitofdrinkingwhilewatchingfootballmatch.TheEnglandfansmustgotopubwhenthereisafootballmatch.EspeciallyintheEuropeanCuportheWorldCup,pubsareovercrowding.Britishwouldliketohuddletogetherratherthanstayathome.Manyfriendsandfansarecheeringanddrinkingbeerinthepub,andthehotatmosphereaffectedeachperson.Pubownerstooktheopportunitytocarrybannerswiththewords“Pleasegoinsideandwatchfootballmatch.”Britishfootballfansprovideagoodchanceforpubownersmakingmoneyandthebusinessisprospering.In2002,therewasamatchbetweenEnglandteamandDemarkteam,onthisday,thesalesofpubbeerreachedupto80millionpounds.AccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyreportersinLondonin2004,June,theBritishPubandBeerAssociationestimatedthatthewarbetweenEnglandandFrancebrought30millionpoundsextraearningstopubs.Obviously,theBritishsportshaveacloserelationshipwithpubs.4.2ConnectionsBetweenPubandMusicThepubisBritishleisureplace,naturally,italsoholdsmanyrecreationalactivities.Peoplecanparticipateinvariousactivities,suchaswittygames,singinglive,dancingwithmusic,etc.Menandwomen,especiallyyoungpeopleintwentieswerereadytodancewithhotmusic,dressedincasualclothesandgatheredinpubonweekends.Theywereindulgedinthecharmingmusicnotes,whenthejazzmusicrings,theycouldn’thelpjumpingwithjoy.Theircrazywerereleasingandrelaxing.Pubcannotwithoutmusicandmusicisthesoulofit.Themusicgivesacertainculturalconnotationtothepub,andmadeithaveadeepmeaning.ThepubbroughtarayofsunshineintoBritishlifeandcreatedanumberofprominenttalents.Intheearlysixteenthcentury,theBritishstrollingplayersoftensetupstageinthepub’scentralcourtyard,andrichpeoplecouldsitinthebalconyofpub;poorpeopleonlycouldcrowedaroundstage.ThisistheearlyBritishtheatreartistandisalsoalivingdebutplace.Today,popularmusicoftenbegintospreadfromthepub,andmanypopularitybandskickedofftheirperformanceinthelocalsmallpubs.Today’sLiverpool,hometownofrockmusic,therearehundredsofbands,andeachboyhasabrilliantdreamassameastheBeatles.Besides,pubisaplacewherepeoplecanshowtheirmusictalent.Peoplecantaketheirowninstrument,gatherinthepub,andgiveaconcert.Somepeoplesoloed,somepeoplegavearecital,andotherssanginchorus.Therearealsosomepubsinvitepopbandtoperformforguests,whichonlyneedtobuyacupofdrinkandwatchafreelivemusicperformance.Onthisoccasion,themostrelaxthingisdrinkingbeer,listeningtomusic,andlightingupacigar.4.3ConnectionsBetweenPubandLiteraturePubhasspecialstatusinBritishheartanditdecidedthecloserelationshipwithliterature.FromancienttimestheBritishwasinterestedinwine,sopubbecameagoodplacewheretheycouldrelaxandmeetfriends.TheBritishcountrypubsurroundedbyaruralsceneofwoodland,whichattractedcountlesspoetsandwriterstoexpresstheirfeelings.ItwassaidthatShakespearewasregularguestofpubs,andhealsowrotescriptwithdrinkingbeer.ManyotherfamouswritersandpoetsalsostayedorwroteBritishpub,whichbecameaspecialsceneryinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.ThefamousEnglishwriterGeoffreyChaucerdescribedthestoryof30pilgrimswhomeetbychanceattheTabardInninSouthwark,London,andjourneytogethertotheshrineofStThomasBecketinCanterburycathedral.Hewrote:“Greatcheerourhostgavetous,everyone/Andtothesuppersetusallanon/Andservedusthenwithvictualsofthebest/Strongwasthewineandpleasanttoeachguest”(Chaucer55).TheBritishscholarSamuelJohnsonsaid:“Thereisnothingwhichhasyetbeencontrivedbymanbywhichsomuchhappinessisproducedasbyagoodtavernorinn.”Dickens,thegreatestcriticalrealistwritercontainedmanyreferencestoBritishpuborinninhisnovels.HedescribedasmallinnbystoryofasalesmaninThePickwickPapers.Hewrote:“Onewinter'sevening,aboutfiveo'clock,justasitbegantogrowdusk,amannamedTomcastahastyglanceattheupperpartofthehouseashethrewthereinstothehostler,andstuckthewhipinthebox.Itwasacomfortable-lookingplacethough,fortherewasastrong,cheerfullightinthebarwindow,whichshedabrightrayacrosstheroad,andevenlightedupthehedgeontheotherside;andtherewasaredflickeringlightintheoppositewindow,onemomentbutfaintlydiscernible,andthenextgleamingstronglythroughthedrawncurtains,whichintimatedthatarousingfirewasblazingwithin.Tomenteredthehouse.Thiswascomfortable,butthiswasnotall;forasmartly-dressedgirl,withabrighteyeandaneatankle,waslayingaverycleanwhiteclothonthetable;andasTomsatwithhisslipperedfeetonthefender,andhisbacktotheopendoor,hesawacharmingprospectofthebarreflectedintheglassoverthechimney-piece,withdelightfulrowsofgreenbottlesandgoldlabels,togetherwithjarsofpicklesandpreserves,andcheesesandboiledhams,androundsofbeef,arrangedonshelvesinthemosttempting