《国际航运专业英语（第二版）》课后参考答案 翁凤翔

Unit1Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:1.Internationalmaritimetransportationencountersawidearrayofpublicpolicyandbusinesschallenges,includingtheriseinprotectionistsentiments,thelargeincreaseinfuelcosts,andtheeffectsofanapparenteconomicslowdown.依据第一篇课文第6自然段最后一句的内容。2.Trampshippinginvolvesthecarriageofgoodsbyvesselsthathavenoregularshippingroutewhilelinerbusinessinvolvesthecarriageofgoodsbyvesselsthatsailbetweenregularports.依据第一篇课文倒数第4和第5自然段的内容。Text2(1)C (2)E (3)D (4)B (5)APart2Listening:PAGE104somewhatemergingquantitativerobustsluggishrecessionaddingincurcomebackeconomiestracksegmentsmulti-yearscheduled1.7%Part5ExercisesI.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Productioninemergingdynamicdevelopingcountriesandeconomiesintransitionismoreandmoredrivingworldeconomicgrowthandseabornetrade.依据第一篇课文第2自然段的内容。2．Themostvisiblemanifestationsofthesedevelopmentsaretheverylargeandautomatedshipsusedtodayforthetransportofoilandbulkcargoesandtheintroductionofvariousconceptsofcontainerizationandotherformsofunitizationinspecialtyships.依据第一篇课文第4自然段的内容。Shippingpoliciesarelikelytobedifferentfordifferentcountriesdependingonthecountry’sroleandparticipationinworldtradeandshipping.依据第一篇课文第10自然段的内容。Theoceantransportationsystemcomprisesthethreemiddlecomponents:theoceancarriesandthedomesticandforeignports.依据第一篇课文第8自然段的内容。Asimplebreakdownisboundtobehelpfultotheunderstandingofwholepanorama.依据第一篇课文小标题内容。Inthelate1950scontainershipssetthepatternfortechnologicalchangeincargohandlingandlinkedthetruckingindustrytodeep-seashipping.Thesehighlyspecializedshipscarrylargetruckbodiesandcandischargeandloadinoneday,incontrasttothetendaysrequiredbyconventionalshipsofthesamesize.依据第一篇课文小标题内容。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.T依据第一篇课文第2自然段的内容F依据第一篇课文倒数第2自然段的内容T依据第一篇课文倒数第5自然段的内容F依据听力课文第1自然段的内容F依据第一篇课文第12自然段的内容T依据第二篇课文第1自然段的内容III.Matchthetermswiththefollowingdefinitions.conventionbrokeragecargobargetransitionmerchandiseseafarercharterwarehousetrampIV.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordgivenbelowinitsrightform.transitionimperativeratifyreinforceenableconventionV.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.国际海运面临一系列广泛的政策和商务挑战，包括保护主义情绪的抬头、燃油费用大幅增加、经济明显减缓的后果以及在需求预测可靠和定价合理条件下尽力满足巨额资本对新增运能的投资需求。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.China’selementinglobalshippingmarketconsistsoftheoceanshippingvolume,containerportthroughput,oreandcoalandoilshippingwhicharepertinenttotheChinesemarket.Astheinternationalshippingmarketcomesfromthederivativedemandfortheworldtrade,ithasapparentpassivityanddependence.Itisnotonlyinfluencedbytheworldeconomyandtrade,butalsobythepoliticalandnaturalfactorsofallnationsaswell.AlongwiththerapidgrowthoftheAsianshippingmarket,shippingserviceandrelatedindustrybegantomovefromthewesttotheeast.Thecontainercompaniesinthefuturewillcontinuetoexpandthelinerallianceandconductappropriatearrangementoftheshippingcapacitysoastoseekhigherefficiencyandsatisfytheincreasingmarketdemand.Inthepastdecade,Chinahasbroughtmoredramaticimpactonthebulkcargomarketthanonthecontainermarket.Unit2Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:1.Thethreekeycomponentsofinternationalshippingare:theshippingroute,thevesselsandtheterminal.依据第一篇课文的倒数第4段内容。Transportationisnotequivalenttologistics.Theformercanberegardedasoneimportantpartoflogisticswhichinvolvesthemanagementofmovementofthegoods,thestorageofthegoodsandsoon.依据第一篇课文的第3段的内容。Text2(1)C (2)D (3)B (4)A (5)EPart2Listening:intermodalrotary-wingrecreationalcalminaccessibleGuardian\o"Perpendicular"perpendicular\o"Tram"tramwaysUrbanTimings\o"Hull(watercraft)"hullCombustionTranscontinental\o"Petroleum"petroleumpropulsionPart5ExercisesI.Answeringthefollowingquestions:Thetransportationsystemisthephysicallinkconnectingacompany’scustomers,rawmaterialsuppliers,plants,warehouses,andchannelmembers--thefixedpointsinalogisticssupplychain.依据第一篇课文的第1段内容。Transportationplaysakeyroleinthelogisticssystem.依据第一篇课文的第3段内容。Aircarriageisnormallyusedforsmallorlightconsignmentswhenspeedoftransitisdesirable.依据第二篇课文的第1段内容。Thedisadvantagesofairtransportincludelimitedcapacityofairfreightandoveralldimensionsofacceptablecargotogetherwithweightrestrictions,highercosts,andtheservicemoreeasilyaffectedbythewhetherconditions.依据第二篇课文的第15至18段内容。InChina,roadtransportismostlyusedinthetransactionswithcountriesthatneighborChina.依据第三篇课文的第1段内容。Oneadvantageofrailtransportisthatthedocumentationissimpleandtheotheristhattheinsuranceischeapersincepilferagelossestendtobelow.依据第三篇课文的第17段内容。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse:True.依据第一篇课文的第5段内容。False.依据第一篇课文的第12段内容。Thelastelementshouldbe“theterminal”.False.依据第二篇课文的第20段内容。Thereshouldbefourmodesofairtransportandthemissingoneis“consolidation”.True.依据第二篇课文的第30段内容。True.前半句依据第三篇课文的第6段和第18段内容，后半句依据第三篇课文的第4段内容。False.依据第三篇课文的倒数第2段内容。RailtransportissecondtomaritimetransportinChinaintermsoftransportationcapacity.III.Matchthetermswiththefollowingdefinitions:thetransportationsystemthevalueaddedtransportthewayrouteairtransportconsignmentstheairwaybillconsigneescheduledairlineairexpressserviceroadtransporttheconsignmentnoterailtransportpilferageIV.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordgivenbelowinitsrightform.1.impact2.presumes,attheexpenseof 3.interchanged,embraced4.conveyed,halt5.resultingfrom 6.retain,merge V.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.运输是在国家或国际范围内发展经济资源的一个至关重要的设施。物品或材料从低利用率地区运送到高利用率地区。通过运输，就给产品增加了价值。运输使得最大限度地开发利用经济资源成为可能。它也使得经济发展中的专业化成为可能，无论它是矿业、汽车制造业或农业。运输被认为是一种产品，它在生产之时即已被消耗。这样就不可能储藏运输。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:Ininternationallogistics,themovementofgoodsisakeypart.Thatistosaylogisticssystemisquitecloselyrelatedtotransportation.Inourglobaleconomy,supplychainsbecomelongerandlonger,andthetransportationfunctionisconnectingbuyersandsellersthatarethousandsofmilesawayfromeachother,butthishasgreatlyincreasedtransportationcosts.Theinternationalairtransporthas/enjoysmanyadvantages,suchashighspeedandquicktransit,simpledocumentationsystem,reliableservicesofhighquality,almostnopackingcosts,andbeingabletoreducelogisticscosts.Thekeydocumentinairtransportisairwaybill.InmostcasesairtransportisarrangedbyagentsinsteadoftheAirline.InChina,roadtransportplaysaspecialroleinforeigntradetransportation.Althoughtheroadvehiclehaslowcapacity,itismostflexibleandconvenientinitsoperation.Unite3Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:Yes,itcan.依据第一篇课文倒数第3段的内容。No,itdoesn’t,becauseitisnotalegalentityatall.依据第一篇课文的第1段的内容。Text2C (2)F (3)D (4)A (5)BPart2Listening:pleasurecruises\o"Ferry"ferriessteamerswithstandconsumablesIntercontinentalsupplantedcontractedevokesmotherpre-\o"Jetage"jetagewherebyline-of-battleadventconvertedPart5ExercisesI.Answerthefollowingquestions.Thedurationoftheagreementisusuallynotspecifiedinthecontract.Theveryfirstconferencethatwasestablishedin1875stillexists.依据第一篇课文第三段的内容。Shippingconferencesarenotlegalentities.Themembersarenotpartnerofanykind,theydonotintegratetheirservices,andtheydonotmergetogethereitherpermanentlyortemporarily.依据第一篇课文第一段的内容。TheEuropeanLinerAffairsAssociation(ELAA)proposedareplacementinformationexchangesystemfortheBlockExemptionRegulation4056/86.Thelinertradeassociation,amongitsgoals,seekstofurtherlegitimateindustryadvocacyactivities.依据第二篇课文第八段的内容。TherewillbeapositiveimpactoratleastnoimpactonthecompetitivenessofEUlinershippingfirms.Smalllinershippingcarrierswillnotexperienceparticularproblems.Nonegativeimpactsandpossiblypositiveimpactsmayresultforemployment,trade,developingcountriesandEUports.依据第二篇课文第二小标题第五段的内容。Documentationmustbeprecisebecauseslightdiscrepanciesmaypreventmerchandisefrombeingexported,resultinnonpayment,orevenresultintheseizureoftheshipmentbycustoms.依据第三篇课文第二段的内容。Thepackinglistindicatesthenumberofitemsinthecontentsofeachpack,alongwithindividualweightsanddimensions.Thislistenablesyoutocheckthatthecorrectnumberofunitshasbeenreceived.依据第三篇课文最后一段的内容。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.F.依据第一篇课文第二段的内容。Thequantityandtypeofcargoontheroute,thevarietyofnationalitiesinvolved,thelengthoftheroute,governments’interventionallhaveastrongimpactonthescopeoftheagreement.T.依据第一篇课文第七段的内容。Ashippingcompanycanestablishmembershipwithmorethanoneconference.T.依据第二篇课文最后一段的第一句。Arepealoftheblockexemptionwillbringaboutsubstantialeconomicandcommercialbenefitstoglobalindustryandconsumers,intheEUinparticular.F.依据第二篇课文第八段的内容。Promotingfairdisseminationofusefulindustryinformationpromotesefficiencyinanyindustry.F.依据第三篇课文第十八段的内容。Althoughnegotiablebillsofladingareincommonuse,somecountriesdonotallowthemormakeitdifficultfrothemtobeused.T.依据第三篇课文倒数第二段的内容。Themarineinsurancepolicyisacontractbetweentheinsuredandtheinsurerwhichdefinesthetermsoftheagreementbetweentheinsuredandtheinsurer.III.Matchthetermswiththefollowingdefinitions.surchargelegitimatetemporaryseniorityprospectivepolicypermanentspecialistcompromisenegateIV.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordgivenbelowinitsrightform.exemptionexpiresurchargeinvoicepersistslegitimateV.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.公会内部没有竞争，运费是不同力量作用的妥协。会员的船只类型和状况的差异都影响运费。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Linershipping,whichreferstoservicesoperatedonfixedschedulesanditineraries,istheheartofaglobaltransportationsystemthatconnectsU.S.companiesandconsumerswithothercountriesoftheworld.Tounderstandhowandwhythemoderncontainershipevolved,turnbackthecalendartoThanksgivingweekintheprewaryearof1937.TheeconomiesofscalethatmotivatedSea-LandandMcLeantobuildever-largercontainershipscontinuetoprevailinthenow-globalindustry.TheAmericanMaritimeMuseumandBlandLibraryattheU.S.MerchantMarineAcademy,willhouseandmaintainthecollection,whichwillbeavailabletohistorians,researchers,students,andthepublic.In1961,beforethecontainerwasininternationaluse,theoceanfreightcostsaccountedfor12percentofthevalueofU.S.exportsand10percentofthevalueofU.S.imports.Unit4Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:1.No,itisnottrue,becausetheshipownerisresponsibleforthosecosts.依据第一篇课文第三段的内容。依据第一篇课文倒数第三段的内容。Text2(1)C (2)E (3)B (4)F (5)DPart2Listening:exactnesstonnageforeseeshortcommencesneverthelessfirmpointlesstechnicallyapprovalSTEMintendedcounterpartethicsamendmentsPart5ExercisesI.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.依据第一篇课文第一个小标题Voyagecharter下的第二段的内容。2.Thistypeofcharterisfavoredbypersonsorcompanieswhowishtoownashipforinvestmentpurposesbutwhodonothavethedesireorexpertisetooperatetheshiporbypersonsorcompanieswho依据第一篇课文最后两段的内容。3．依据第二篇课文第一段的内容。4.依据第二篇课文第一个小标题TheStageofInvestigation下第三段的内容。5.Theactualrateofdemurragewillbestatedinthecharterpartyandwillnormallybefixedatafigureinlinewithcurrentfreightratesatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecharter.依据第三篇课文第二个小标题Demurrage下第二段的第一句。6.Asitisusuallyofconsiderableadvantagetoashipownertohavehisvesselfreeasquicklyaspossible,andincentiveisoftenprovidedbytheinsertioninthecharterpartyofadispatchmoneyclause.Thisclauseentitlesthecharterertopaymentatanagreedrate--usuallyfixedathalfthedemurragerate--fortimethatissaved依据第三篇课文第三个小标题DispatchMoney下第一段的内容。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.F.依据第一篇课文第一个小标题Voyagecharter下的第三段的内容：2.T.依据第一篇课文第二个小标题Timecharter下的第五段的内容：3.T.依据第二篇课文第一个小标题TheStageofInvestigation下的第四段的内容：4.F.依据第二篇课文第二个小标题TheStageofNegotiation下的最后一段的内容：5.F.依据第三篇课文第二个小标题Demurrage下第二段的内容：However,demurragewillnotaccrueduringaperiodwheredelaywasduetothefaultofshipownerorresultedfromactiontakenbyhimforhisownconvenience.6.T.依据第三篇课文最后一段的倒数第二句：Undertheaveragingsystem,theamountoflaytimeusedateachportiscalculatedseparately,afterwhichtimesavedatoneportissetoffagainstexcesstimeusedattheother.III.Matchthetermswiththefollowingdefinitions.1.delivery2.laytime3.demurrage4.bareboatcharter5.timecharter6.redelivery7.firmoffer8.voyagecharter9.dispatch10.contractofaffreigtmentIV.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordgivenbelowinitsrightform.1.voyage2.subletting3.freight4.delivered5.redelivers6.hireV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.如果在租船期间船舶或重要机器发生故障，承租人可停租此船舶。租金可暂时停付直到故障修好。在实际业务中，承租人也可继续交纳租金，等船舶恢复租用后，这些租金和停租期间消耗的燃油费将退还给承租人。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Demurrageattheloadinganddischargingportsispayablebythechartereratthestipulatedrateperdayorprorataforanypartofaday.2.ThefreightattheratestatedinBox13shallbepaidincashcalculatedontheintakenquantityofcargo.3.Shouldthevesselnotbereadytoloadonthecancelingdate,thecharterershallhavetheoptionofcancelingthischarterparty.4.Whilethevesselisonhire,thecharterershallprovideandpayforbunkers,portcharges,pilotages,towages,agencies,andcommissions,etc.5.Theownershallprovideandpayfortheinsuranceofthevesselandforallprovisions,necessarystores,wagesandchargesforportservicespertainingtothecrew.Unit5Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:1.依据第一篇课文的第七段的内容。2.Yes,itwill.依据第一篇课文最后一段。Text2(1)D (2)B (3)A (4)F (5)EPart2Listening:regimestipulateinadequateboatingrecreationalassignedassignedconverselycustomaryseaworthyboundinserteddefaultlaydaysshipowner'sPart5ExercisesI.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.依据第一篇课文第三段的内容。2.ItisGenconcharterparty.依据第一篇课文Voyagecharterparties小标题下的第一段的内容。3．Avoyagecharterpartymainlyincludesintroductoryclauses,cargoclauses,freightclauses,clausesonlaytime,demurrage,damagesfordetention,dispatchandclausesonice,war,andstrikes,etc.依据第二篇课文的第一个小标题Voyagecharterparty的内容。4．Atimecharterpartymainlyincludesclausessuchasdescriptionofthevessel,thecharterperiod,deliveryandredeliveryofthevessel,paymentofhire,therighttowithdrawfornon-payment,off-hire,arbitration,andgeneralaverage,etc.依据第二篇课文的第二个小标题Timecharterparty的内容。5.Theboxformmeansthattherequiredinformationtobeinsertedineachfixtureisconvenientlyallocatedinboxesonthefrontpage.依据第三篇课文的第一段最后一句。6.Thecharterershavetheoptiontocancelthecharterpartyiftheshiphasstillnotpresentedherselfforloadingbytheendoflaydays.依据第三篇课文的第二段最后一句。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.F依据第一篇课文的第四段中的：2.F依据第一篇课文最后一段的3.F依据第二篇课文Introductoryclauses中的内容：…orthecharterermaybegiventherighttonominatesuchports,eitherfromaspecifiedlistorfromadesignatedgeographicalarea.4.T依据第二篇课文的Paymentofhireandtherighttowithdrawfornon-payment中的内容：Itisalsostandardpracticeforaspecificclausetobeincludedinthechartergivingtheshipownertherighttowithdrawhisvesselindefaultofpaymentofaninstalmentofhireontheduedate.5.F依据第三篇课文的第二段中的内容：Box8and9shouldnotbeoverlooked.Theydescribethepositionoftheshiprelativetothischarter.6.T依据第三篇课文的第二段中的内容：Ifthechartererstaketoolongoverit,theownerswantcompensationcoveredbyincludingarateofdemurrageforeverydayorpartofadaybywhichtheagreedtimeisexceeded.III.Matchthetermswiththefollowingdefinitions.1.deadweighttonnage2.freight3.cancellingdate4.deviationclause5.flag6.iceclause7.grossregisteredtonnage8.netregisteredtonnage9.strike10.charterpartyIV.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordgivenbelowinitsrightform.1.route2.party,terms3.charters,shipowners4.provisions5.arbitration6.stipulatedV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.租船经纪人在出租船舶的船舶所有人和需要船舶的租船人之间作为中间人。承租经纪人和船舶所有人经纪人的责任是分别为其委托人进行洽商，并促成交易。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Thecharterersshallgivetheownersnotlessthantenday’snoticeofthevessel’sexpectedportanddateofre-delivery.2.Theownershallprovideandpayforallprovisionsandwages,fortheinsuranceofthevessel,foralldeckandengine-roomstoresandmaintainthevesselinathoroughlyefficientstateinhullandmachineryduringservice.3.Ineverycasetheownersshallappointtheirownagentsbothattheportofloadingandtheportofdischarge.4.Thecargoshallbebroughtintotheholds,loaded,stowedand/ortrimmed,tallied,lashedand/orsecuredandtakenfromtheholdsanddischargedbythecharterers,freeofanyrisk,liabilityandexpensewhatsoevertotheowners.5.Shouldthevesselbelost,moneypaidinadvanceandnotearned(reckoningfromthedateoflossorbeinglastheardof)shallbereturnedtothecharterersatonce.Unit6Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:1.Yes,itistrue,asabillofladingisadocumentoftitletothegoods.依据第一篇课文的倒数第二段内容。2.No,itisnottrue.Itisacontractofcarriageofgoodsbetweentheshipperandthecarrier.依据第一篇课文第五段。Text2(1)D (2)B (3)A (4)E (5)FPart2Listening:unifiedjourneycustomsGrossprepaidprincipalshippednullenactmentexemptsdeemeddistinguishingunscheduledActopposedPart5ExercisesI.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Thecarrierstartshisresponsibilityfortakingcareofthegoodstobeshippedwhenhisagentreceivesthegoodsandissuestotheshipperareceiptindicatingthetype,quantityandconditionofthegoodshandedover.依据第一篇课文的第2段第2句。2.Themaster(carrier)orhisagentreleasesthebillofladingtotheshipperaftertheshipperhandsinthemate’sreceiptorequivalentandeffectspaymentofanyadvancefreightdue.依据第一篇课文的第2段第7句。3．Anorderbillofladingisoneunderwhichthegoodsaretobedeliveredtoanamedpersonortohisorderorassignsorsimplytoorder.依据第二篇课文的第8段第1句。4．Thecarriershallundertakefullliabilityforthegoodsandwillcarryanddelivertheminthesamegoodorderashereceivedthem.依据第二篇课文的第10段第2句。5.TheHagueRuleswereintendedtounifycertainrulesrelatingtobillsoflading.依据第三篇课文的第3段第1句6.BecausetheHamburgRulesreplacedtheriskallocationschemeoftheHague-VisbyRuleswitharebuttablepresumptionofliabilityfromthetimethegoodsarereceivedbythecarrieruntiltheirdeliverytotheshipperorconsignee.依据第三篇课文的最后一段的最后两句。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.F依据第一篇课文的第4部分Asevidenceofthecontractofcarriage中的Thecontractisnormallyconcludedorallylongbeforethebillisissued,andthetermsareinferredfromthecarrier’ssailingannouncementsandfromanynegotiationswithloadingbrokersbeforethegoodsareshipped.2.F依据第一篇课文的第5部分Asadocumentoftitle中的Abillwillonlyoperateasadocumentoftitleifitisdraftedasanorderbill,i.e.abillunderwhichthecarrieragreestodeliverthegoodsattheirdestinationtoanamedconsigneeortohisorderorassigns.3.T依据第二篇课文的第4段的内容。4.F依据第二篇课文的第6段的内容。Theshippercannotpassthebilltoathirdpartybyendorsement.5.F依据第三篇课文的第3段有关theHagueRules的内容。However,thisoptimismprovedlargelyillusoryforconflictsandproblemsarisinginthedeterminationofthecarrier’sliabilityandthevalidityofnegligenceclausesinthebillsofladingcontinuedtopersist.6.F依据第三篇课文的第4段的最后一句。However,quiteafewnationsthataremembersofHagueRulesof1924,includingtheUnitedStates,havenotadoptedtheVisbyRules.III.Matchthetermswiththefollowingdefinitions.1.mate’sreceipt 2.consignee3.endorsement4.shipper5.documentoftitle6.throughbilloflading7.straightbilloflading8.carrier9.negotiability10.contractofcarriagebyseaIV.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordgivenbelowinitsrightform.1.constitute2.delivery,discharged3.loaded,due4.negotiable,indorsed5.valid6.undertakeV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.若在货物外表发现任何瑕疵，承运人通常会在提单上做批注以防止可能向他提出的索赔。这类批注包括诸如：“标志不清”，“桶瘪”，“钩洞”等就使提单成为“不清洁提单”。VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.Whenthegoodshavebeentakenoverbythecarrierorloadedonboard,thecarriershall,ondemandoftheshipper,issueabillofladingtotheshipper.2.Thebillofladingmaybesignedbyapersonauthorizedbythecarrier.Abillofladingsignedbythemasteroftheshipcarryingthegoodsisdeemedtohavebeensignedonbehalfofthecarrier.3.Therelationshipbetweenthecarrierandtheholderofthebillofladingwithrespecttotheirrightsandobligationsshallbedefinedbytheclausesofthebilloflading.4.Itiscommonpracticetoissuethreeoriginalbillsofladingforthesamecargo.5.Inadditiontotheoriginalbilloflading,anumberofcopiesmarked“Non-negotiable”ontheirfacesaredistributedtointerestedpartiesfortheirreferenceoruse.Unit7Part1Text1Pre-readingquestions:1.No,becauseacontainercanmovecargoesmuchfasterthantraditionaltransportmode.依据第一篇课文的第六段内容。2.Yes,itcan,ascontainertransportismuchmoreefficient.依据第一篇课文的第十一段的内容。Text2(1)F (2)D (3)A (4)E (5)BPart2Listening:renderedassociatedparamountshelfliterallyaffordedFacilitatemotiondocksidehaulageconsolidationcruisinghubsviawebsitesPart5ExercisesI.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Therearetwocasestoillustratethereasonwhywecansayso:1)Aroughcomparisonwillbearthisout.Onaconventionalcargoship,therateofloadingbyagangoffrom16to18handsisapproximately35tonsanhour,whileatotaloftwentycontainersweighing20tonseachcanbeliftedbyonecraneinanhour.Inoneshiftlasting21hours,only735tonscanbeloadedbysling,whileinthesameshiftonecranecanlift410containersweighing8,400tons.Besides,duetomechanizedloading,thenumberofhandscanbegreatlyreduced.2)WhencontainerizedtrafficwasfirstinitiatedinChina,atrialtripwasmadebyaChineseshipfromShanghaitoJapan,whichcarriedatotalof30containers.Theloadingwasdonebyninewharfworkersonlyandcompletedinonehour,whiletheloadingofthesameconsignment,ifshippedasbreak-bulkcargo,wouldhavetakenaround16hoursbyateamof19workers.Sotheaboveclearlyshowsthatcontainerizedtrafficisfarmoreefficientthanthetraditionalmodeoftransportation.依据第一篇课文的第6、7段。2.First,thecarriageofcontainersnecessitatesspecificaccommodationsintheship.Second,themanufactureorpurchaseofcontainersinvolvesaconsiderablesumofmoney,especiallywhenthenumberrequiredistakenintoaccount.Third,tomeetthespecificrequirementsforcontainerships,aspecialtypeofterminaldifferentfromtraditionalberthsisrequired.依据第一篇课文的第12、13、14段的第1句。3．Mostcontainersareconstructedofsteelbecausethismetalisdurableandstrong.Butothermaterialshavealsobeenutilized,includingaluminum,plywood,plastics,andlaminatedwood.依据第二篇课文的第1段。4．Standardcontainersarealsoknownasgeneralpurposecontainers.Theyareclosedcontainers,i.e.theyareclosedonallsides.Inaddition,thevarioustypesofstandardcontaineralsodifferindimensionsandweight,resultinginawiderangeofstandardcontainers.Standardcontainersaremainlyusedas20’and40’containers.Containerswithsmallerdimensionsareveryseldomused.Indeed,thetrendistowardsevenlongerdimensions,e.g.45’.依据第二篇课文的第1种集装箱Standardcontainers。5.Becauseitisimportantthatthedoor-to-doorcontainerisproperlysealedwiththecarrier’sseal,thisissometimesdonebytheshipper,andinothercasesbythedriverofthecollectingvehicle.Theexportershouldmakesureofthisbecause,ifthereisaclaimforshortageofordamagetothecargocarriedinthecontainer,thestateofthecarrier’ssealmayallowaninferenceofwhathashappened.Ifitwerebroken,itwouldindicatethatthecargohasbeentamperedwithduringthetransport.依据第三篇课文第2段的后半部分。6.Ifthecargoislessthanafullcontainerload(LCL),theexportersendsittothecontainerfreightstation,whereitwillbeconsolidatedwiththegoodsofotherexportersinagroupagecontainer.Onarrivalattheplaceofdestinationitwillbetakentoacontainerfreightstation,whereitwillbe“degrouped”,i.e.theparcelscontainedthereinwillbeseparatedanddeliveredtothevariousconsignees.依据第三篇课文第3段的第一、二句话。II.Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.F.依据第一篇课文第7、8段:…containerizedtrafficisfarmoreefficientthanthetraditionalmodeoftransportation.Itachievesnotonlyasavinginthetimeforoperationsbutalsoasavinginlabor,thusgreatlyreducingtheoperationalcostandenablingtheshiptobeputtobetterandmoreprofitableuse.Theotheradvantagesderivablefromcontainerizedtrafficcompriseminimizationoflossesandsimplerpackaging.2.T依据第一篇课文第15段的最后一句:Thehigherstandardrequiredintheconstructionofthistypeofterminalwillcostconsiderablymorethanthetraditionalberthforconventionalcargoship.3.F.依据第二篇课文的第2段：Attheoutset,thesizeofcontainerswasnotstandardized,butontherecommendationoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization,abbreviatedtoISO,therecomingintobeingthestandardsizesofthem.4.F.依据第二篇课文第5种集装箱Flattrucks的最后1段：Flatracksaremainlyusedtotransportheavy-liftsandoverheightoroverwidthcargoes.5.F.依据第三篇课文第3段的第1、2句：Ifthecargoislessthanafullcontainerload(LCL),theexportersendsittothecontainerfreightstation,whereitwillbeconsolidatedwiththegoodsofotherexportersinagroupagecontainer.6.T.依据第三篇课文的Containerleasingagreements小节中的第2段：Thecontainerleasingcontractusuallyprovidesthat,ifthelesseeretainsthe