2023年考研-考研英语二考试备考题库附带答案卷8

米宝宝科技2023年考研-考研英语二考试备考题库附带答案题目一二三四五六总分得分第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)TheBushAdministrationappearsdeterminedtocontinuethewarondrugsthathasbeenactivelypursuedbyallU.S.governmentssincetheNixonAdministration.Defendersofthewarondrugsoftenthrowinaneconomic1.Ithasbeensuccessfulbecauseitcurtailsuseby2streetprices.Itdoesrisebecause3havetobecompensated4theriskofimprisonmentandother5.Itmaybetruethathighpriceshavereducedthe6fordrugs,butthefactremainsthatmostillegaldrugs7popularandavailable,regardlessofprice.Moreimportant,any8

inthenumberofaddictsandotherusershascomewithanenormouspricetag.TheU.S.alonespendsalmost$40billionannually9thedrugwar,andothercountriesalsospendbigsums.Thewarisfoughtbyseizingand10drugsandbyapprehendingandimprisoningsuppliers.A11factisthattheU.S.imprisonsalargerfractionofitspopulationfordrug-relatedoffensesthanEuropeannations12forallcrimes.Thehighprices13thewarhaveprovidedhugeprofitsforcartelsandotherswhoevadedetectionandpunishment.14placetheworldmarketvalueofillegaldrugsatseveralhundredbillionsofdollars-15thesameleagueasthemarketsforcigarettesandalcohol.Althoughlegalizationwouldmakedrugscheaperandmore16available,salestominorscouldbediscouragedbyharshpunishmentsandbyrestrictinglegalsalesto17shops.Sofar,nocitehas18

abetteralternativethanlegalizationofdrugscombinedwithahigh“sin”taxonusers,safeguards19salestochildren,and20punishmentstoanyonewhodrivesorworkswhileimpairedbydrugs.______A.distressingB.depressingC.provokingD.suppressing2.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)根据下面资料，回答31-35题Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated"racetothefinishline,"whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthan→acclimation←blunders.Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps_______.A.keepstudentsfrorobeingunrealisticB.lowerrisksinchoosingcareersC.easefreshmen'sfinancialburdensD.relievefreshmenofpressures3.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Today'sbusinesspeopleliveinanovercommunicatedworld.TherearetoomanyWebsites,toomanyreports,toomanybitsofinformation1fortheirattention.Thesuccessfulonesareforcedtobecomedeftmachetewieldersinthisjungleto2.Theyruthlesslycut3alltheextraneousdatathatareencroachingthem.They4throughtheirtaskssotheycancoverasmush5aspossibleansweringdozensofe-mailsatasittingandscrollingpastdozensmore.6themainscarcityintheirlifeisnotmoney,it'stime.Theyguardevery7secondthewayadesertwanderer8hiswater.Theproblem9allthisspeedandthefranticenergythatisspentusingtimeefficientlyisthatit10creativity.Afterallcreativitythat11whileyou'redoingsome-thingelse:Whenyou'reintheshoweryourbrainhastimetonoodleaboutand12theoddconnectionsthatleadtonewideas.Butifyourbrainisalwaysmultitasking,orrespondingtotechnoprompts,thereisontimeorenergyforundirected13playFurthermoreifyouareconsumedbythesameinformationloop14aroundeveryoneelseyoudon'thaveanythingtostimulateyou15thinkingdifferently.Youdon'thavetimetoreadthehistorybookorthesciencebookthatmayactually16youtoseeyourownbusinessinanew17.Youdon'thaveaccesstounexpectedknowledge.You'rejust18alonginthesamenarrowcurrentaseveryoneelsewhichisswiftbutnotdeep.Aplacebomachine—alittlegadgetwithvoice19andeverythingwillhelpWirelesspeopletolog20anditwilltellthemtheyhavenomessages.They'llbeabletoexperiencelifeinsteadofinformation.They'llbeabletoreflectinsteadofreact______A.recognitionB.detectionC.acceptanceD.comprehension4.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)根据下面资料，回答31-35题Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw_______.A.shouldservethenewmarketpowersB.mayworsentheeconomicimbalanceC.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolutionD.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket5.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Today'sbusinesspeopleliveinanovercommunicatedworld.TherearetoomanyWebsites,toomanyreports,toomanybitsofinformation1fortheirattention.Thesuccessfulonesareforcedtobecomedeftmachetewieldersinthisjungleto2.Theyruthlesslycut3alltheextraneousdatathatareencroachingthem.They4throughtheirtaskssotheycancoverasmush5aspossibleansweringdozensofe-mailsatasittingandscrollingpastdozensmore.6themainscarcityintheirlifeisnotmoney,it'stime.Theyguardevery7secondthewayadesertwanderer8hiswater.Theproblem9allthisspeedandthefranticenergythatisspentusingtimeefficientlyisthatit10creativity.Afterallcreativitythat11whileyou'redoingsome-thingelse:Whenyou'reintheshoweryourbrainhastimetonoodleaboutand12theoddconnectionsthatleadtonewideas.Butifyourbrainisalwaysmultitasking,orrespondingtotechnoprompts,thereisontimeorenergyforundirected13playFurthermoreifyouareconsumedbythesameinformationloop14aroundeveryoneelseyoudon'thaveanythingtostimulateyou15thinkingdifferently.Youdon'thavetimetoreadthehistorybookorthesciencebookthatmayactually16youtoseeyourownbusinessinanew17.Youdon'thaveaccesstounexpectedknowledge.You'rejust18alonginthesamenarrowcurrentaseveryoneelsewhichisswiftbutnotdeep.Aplacebomachine—alittlegadgetwithvoice19andeverythingwillhelpWirelesspeopletolog20anditwilltellthemtheyhavenomessages.They'llbeabletoexperiencelifeinsteadofinformation.They'llbeabletoreflectinsteadofreact______A.removedB.sweptC.brushedD.cleared6.(单项选择题)(每题0.50分)

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence

→1←

firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.→←→2←→←,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking

→←→3←→←

formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe

→←→4←→←

andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould→←→5←→←

thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness→←→6←→←

byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

→←→7←→←

enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere→←→8←→←.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities→←→9←→←

whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious→1←→0←→←

thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas→1←→1←→←

tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally→1←→2←→←

evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors→1←→3←→←

to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless→1←→4←→←

managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas→1←→5←→←

strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore→1←→6←→←.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

→1←→7←→←

thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast→1←→8←→←

atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp→1←→9←→←

howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand→←→20←→←

R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.______

A.echoB.missC.spoilD.change7.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories1ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior2theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough3withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin4totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus5asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,6thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandare8tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment11makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin12leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso13changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;14,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other17causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased18ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing19ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20

adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.______A.orB.but

ratherC.butD.or

else8.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)根据下面资料，回答1-20题Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain→1←thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby→2←.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive→3←holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one→4←bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives→5←→←,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.→←→6←→←,today'sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor→7←Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe→8←forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddicting→9←poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany→10←theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn't→11←followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe→12←ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe→13←ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould→14←strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the→15←ofworkmaybeabitoverblown."Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,"saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively→16←formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional→17←oftheirjobs."WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel→18←→←,"Danahersays,adding,"InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent"—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself→19←ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor→20←matters.第（16）题选_____.A.trickyB.lengthyC.mysteriousD.scarce9.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)TheBushAdministrationappearsdeterminedtocontinuethewarondrugsthathasbeenactivelypursuedbyallU.S.governmentssincetheNixonAdministration.Defendersofthewarondrugsoftenthrowinaneconomic1.Ithasbeensuccessfulbecauseitcurtailsuseby2streetprices.Itdoesrisebecause3havetobecompensated4theriskofimprisonmentandother5.Itmaybetruethathighpriceshavereducedthe6fordrugs,butthefactremainsthatmostillegaldrugs7popularandavailable,regardlessofprice.Moreimportant,any8

inthenumberofaddictsandotherusershascomewithanenormouspricetag.TheU.S.alonespendsalmost$40billionannually9thedrugwar,andothercountriesalsospendbigsums.Thewarisfoughtbyseizingand10drugsandbyapprehendingandimprisoningsuppliers.A11factisthattheU.S.imprisonsalargerfractionofitspopulationfordrug-relatedoffensesthanEuropeannations12forallcrimes.Thehighprices13thewarhaveprovidedhugeprofitsforcartelsandotherswhoevadedetectionandpunishment.14placetheworldmarketvalueofillegaldrugsatseveralhundredbillionsofdollars-15thesameleagueasthemarketsforcigarettesandalcohol.Althoughlegalizationwouldmakedrugscheaperandmore16available,salestominorscouldbediscouragedbyharshpunishmentsandbyrestrictinglegalsalesto17shops.Sofar,nocitehas18

abetteralternativethanlegalizationofdrugscombinedwithahigh“sin”taxonusers,safeguards19salestochildren,and20punishmentstoanyonewhodrivesorworkswhileimpairedbydrugs.______A.accusationsB.argumentsC.sentencesD.punishments10.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)TheBushAdministrationappearsdeterminedtocontinuethewarondrugsthathasbeenactivelypursuedbyallU.S.governmentssincetheNixonAdministration.Defendersofthewarondrugsoftenthrowinaneconomic1.Ithasbeensuccessfulbecauseitcurtailsuseby2streetprices.Itdoesrisebecause3havetobecompensated4theriskofimprisonmentandother5.Itmaybetruethathighpriceshavereducedthe6fordrugs,butthefactremainsthatmostillegaldrugs7popularandavailable,regardlessofprice.Moreimportant,any8

inthenumberofaddictsandotherusershascomewithanenormouspricetag.TheU.S.alonespendsalmost$40billionannually9thedrugwar,andothercountriesalsospendbigsums.Thewarisfoughtbyseizingand10drugsandbyapprehendingandimprisoningsuppliers.A11factisthattheU.S.imprisonsalargerfractionofitspopulationfordrug-relatedoffensesthanEuropeannations12forallcrimes.Thehighprices13thewarhaveprovidedhugeprofitsforcartelsandotherswhoevadedetectionandpunishment.14placetheworldmarketvalueofillegaldrugsatseveralhundredbillionsofdollars-15thesameleagueasthemarketsforcigarettesandalcohol.Althoughlegalizationwouldmakedrugscheaperandmore16available,salestominorscouldbediscouragedbyharshpunishmentsandbyrestrictinglegalsalesto17shops.Sofar,nocitehas18

abetteralternativethanlegalizationofdrugscombinedwithahigh“sin”taxonusers,safeguards19salestochildren,and20punishmentstoanyonewhodrivesorworkswhileimpairedbydrugs.______A.hurtingB.damagingC.wreckingD.destroying11.(单项选择题)(每题0.50分)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto→1←

uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowisstrongthatpeoplewill→2←

tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill→3←.Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinschoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto→4←

themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone→5←,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould→6←

anelectricshockwhenclicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwithpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.→7←

leftaloneintheroom.Thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould→8←.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,→9←

thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto→10←

isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor→11←

orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan→12←

newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch→13←

canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo→14←

thingsisaprofoundone.Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto→15←,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto→16←

howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto→17←

toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe→18←

offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine→19←

itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term→20←

iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments._____A.traceB.defineC.replaceD.resist12.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)根据下面资料，回答26-30题BigTechisbackinthecongressionalhotseat.OnWednesday,thechiefexecutivesofAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGooglewillbequestionedinaHousejudiciaryantitrustsubcommitteehearing.Thisisperhapsthemostimportantandhigh-profileconversationaboutmonopoliessincetheMicrosoftcaseofthe1990s.Itcouldalsobeamajor,multi-decadeturningpointinUSantitrustpolicy.TheywanttocurbnotonlyBigTech,butanumberofotherindustrieswithdominantplayers—financeandpharmaceuticals—withmoreregulation.Ifthathappens,weshouldthanknotonlyWashington,butstateandlocalofficialswhohavebeenchallengingcorporatepowerintheirownbackyardsforseveralyears.Wellbeforeantitrustbecametrendy,localcommunitieswerewagingsuccessfulfightsagainstcorporatebehemothsforpracticalratherthanideologicalreasons.Thosebattleshavelaidthegroundworkforwhatmaycomeatfederallevel.TherearecountlessexamplesofcommunitiesthathavesuccessfullywagedsuchDavidandGoliathbattles.Veryoften,theyendupeconomicallybetteroff.Communitieswithagreatershareoftheireconomyinthehandsofsmallbusinessesarebetteratsolvingproblemscollectively,saysStacyMitchell,theco-directoroftheInstituteforLocalSelf-Reliance.Theyalsohavehigherlevelsofcivicparticipation."Justasweknowthatconcentratedpowercorruptsdemocracy,theoppositeistrue,"shesays."Themorebroadlyeconomicdecision-makingisdistributed,andthemoresaypeoplehaveovertheirlivelihoods,themoreeffectiveandengagedtheyareascitizens."SomebelievepolicymakersshouldembracecreativedestructioninakindofSchumpeteriankillingofwhatwouldsurelybetensofthousandsofsmallbusinessesinlessproductivesectorssuchasrestaurants,servicesandpersonalcare.Theyarguethiswouldencourageworkerstoretrainandredistributeinthedigitaleconomy.ButthatrunsintotheproblemthateachgenerationofBigTechcompaniesseemstobeabletodomorewithfewerpeople.Ahandfulofverylarge,veryrichcompaniesthatneedfewerandfewerworkersdoesn'tadduptoaneconomy.Allowingcertainkindsofsmall-andmedium-sizedenterprisestofailnotbecausetheyareunsuccessful,butbecausetheyarenothigh-growthdigitalenterprises,wouldbeamistake.RegionswithagreatershareofSMEShavelessincomeinequalityandfasterhouseholdincomegrowth,accordingtoresearchgatheredbytheILSR.Smallbusinessestendtobeembeddedinaweboflocalandregionaleconomicrelationshipswithotherbusinesses.Thiscreatesresiliencyandalsosparksinnovation.Researchshowsthatindustrieswithamixoffirmsizesproducenewinventionsandprocessesatafasterclip.Indeed,thisisanargumentmanyBigTechexecutiveswouldputforwardaboutSiliconValley.It'sthatveryecosystemwhichhelpedlaunchgenerationsofsuccessfulstart-ups.AccordingtoStacyMitchell,localcommunitieswithagreatershareofsmallbusinessesA.arelesseconomicallydevelopedB.holdmoreconcentratedpowerC.haveabroadlydistributedworkforceD.helppromotecivicengagement13.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)根据下面资料，回答26-30题Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents—thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree—lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated"aparadox"inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose"anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchf