2023年考研考博考博英语湖北省联考考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语湖北省联考考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题It’sdifficultformyfatherto（

）withoutacane.

问题1选项A.talkbackB.sitinC.standoutD.getround2.单选题Whenthepressreleasearrivedinourinboxes,weknewwhatwouldhappennext.ANobellaureatehadstatedthatantioxidantsupplements“mayhavecausedmorecancersthantheyhaveprevented.”Eventhemostfad-friendlysectionsoftheUKmediawereboundtocoverthestory.Inreality,ProfessorJamesWatsonwasonlyrestatingwhatweatCancerResearchUKhavebeenpointingoutforyears.Largestudieshaverepeatedlyshownthat,withthepossibleexceptionofvitaminD,antioxidantsupplementshavenegligiblepositiveeffectonhealthypeople,atleastintermsofimportantthingssuchaspreventingpeoplegettingcancerordyingprematurely.Andsomesupplements—notablyvitaminsA,Eandbeta-carotene—evenseemtoslightlyraisetheriskofdiseaseandearlydeath.It’satopicweatCancerResearchUKcomebacktoagainandagainonourscienceblogandonoursocialmediapages.Buthugeswatchesofthepublicremainconvincedthat“antioxidant”isabywordfor“healthy.”What’ssointerestingabouttheantioxidantmythisitswiderculturalandsocialdimension.Whyisthisperceptionsohardtoshift?Andisthereanythingwecandoaboutit?Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.Thisisn’tforwantofregulation,andtheAdvertisingStandardsAuthorityhaverepeatedlyupheldcomplaintsaboutadvertsthatmakeunsupportedclaimsaboutantioxidants’benefits.Butthemuchweakerclaimthataproductmerely“containshighlevelsofantioxidants”leaveshealthclaimsimplicit,andkeepsregulatorsatbay.Abrandof“super-broccoli”—launchedwithmuchapublicspectacleinlate2011—wasbredtocontainhighlevelsofachemicalthatultimately,accordingtotheproduct’swebsite,“boostsourbody’sAntioxidantEnzymelevels.”Sogoodit’scapitalized.Sotherelentlessdrip-dripofhealthproductadvertising—particularlyagainstabackgroundofcontinualreportsofBritain’sill-health—makesourtrenchantholdontheantioxidantsmythallthemoreunderstandable.Weneedthisstuff,we’retold.Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.Theactual,proventhingsthatcanreduceourrisksofcancer,heartdisease,diabetes—andalltheotherchronicnastiesthatcomewithanageingpopulation—aresomewhatmoreuninteresting.Don’tsmoke.Stayinshape.Eatabalanceddiet.Limitalcoholintake.Keepactive.Thisishardwork.Andastheresolution-fillednewyearkicksin,theexcitingprospectofahealthierlifeisreplacedbytherealizationthatbeinghealthyisalong-termproject.Poppingapillinsteadofgoingtothegymisatemptingprospectformanyofus.Confirmatorybiasisapowerfulthing.ButtheUKpopulationisageing,andlikelytoplaceagreaterburdenontheNHSinfuture.Weoweittoourselves,andthosewillbepayingforourcare,tomakesurewe’reashealthyaspossibleforaslongaspossible.Puttingourfaithinaword,andapill—howevercomfortingitmaysound—todothisforusisamirageandafallacy.Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer,despitewhatwewanttobelieve.1.ThereferencetoaNobellaureate’scommentonantioxidantsupplementsisto（）.2.Whatdoestheauthorsaythatleadstopeople’sstrongbeliefinantioxidants?3.Itcanbeconcludedthatpeople’scollectivebeliefinantioxidantsisNOTbasedon（）.4.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftakingantioxidantsupplements?问题1选项A.introduceatopicB.reinforceanargumentC.enrichthedescriptionD.confirmahypothesis问题2选项A.Thelackofregulation.B.Thewidespreadinseminationofmedicalknowledge.C.The“super-broccoli”story.D.Theoverwhelminghealthproductcommercials.问题3选项A.deeply-rootedculturalperceptionB.thecontinualreportsofBritain’sillhealthC.theexistingprovenknowledgeD.confirmatorybiases问题4选项A.Keepingfitmeansbuildingamirage.B.Antioxidantsprovideapromisingfutureprospect.C.Keepingfitinvolvesmorethantakingantioxidants.D.Antioxidantscanhelpstopageing.3.单选题Inmanyplaces,illnesswasseeneitherasaninvasionofthebodybysomepoisonoritwas（

）totheworkofanangrygod,malignantmagic,orwitchcraft.问题1选项A.contributedB.attributedC.tributeD.distributed4.翻译题“Backtobusinessasusual”wastherallyingcrytakenupbyNewYorkersayearago,afterterroristsdestroyedtheWorldTradeCenter.Remarkably,asortofnormalityhasreturnedtothecity.Thefirstfewmonthsaftertheattackweredreadful,butthenewyearbroughtnewhope;touristsandbusinessmenstartedtoreturn;thehotelsandBroadwayshowsbegantofillup.Thissummer,thecity’seconomyhasreportedlyresumedgrowthafteradeeprecession.Evenso,itwouldbewrongtoconcludethatlifehasreturnedtonormal.NewYorkremainsconsumedwithgriefforthethousandsofliveslost,rememberedthisweekincountlessservicesthroughoutthecity一bigandsmall,privateandpublic.Themostmovingwasthereadingofthenamesofeachmurderedindividual,whichcamejustafteroneminute’ssilencewasobservedat8:46a.m.onSeptember11th,theexactanniversaryofthefirstplanehittingthefirsttower.CanNewYorkeverhavebeensoquiet?

TherewasabriefmomentofcollectivepanicaroundMemorialDayinlateMay,afterthefederalgovernmentstartedsharingitsfearsthatterroristsmighttargetcitieswithweaponsofmassivedestructionandtheNewYorkTimesMagazineranacoverstoryexploringwhatmighthappenifanuclearbombwentoffinTimesSquare.Butthisweek’sceremonieshavepushedthesefearsoncemoretotheforefrontofpeople’sminds.HowcanNewYorkersachievethe“closure”mostofthemyearnforwhentheyknowthatthosewhotooktheirfriendsandcolleaguescouldathandmomentcomebacktoforthem?Therewillbeacollectivesighofreliefoncethisanniversaryweekhasbeen(hopefully)safelynegotiated,butmostNewYorkerswillnotforgetthatwhatmadethecitysuchanattractivetargetayearagocontinuestomakeitthelikeliestfocusforanyfutureattackinAmerica.Thecity’sboostersclaimthatpeoplewerebondedmorecloselythanevertotheBigApplebythecommunalpullingtogetheroftherecoveryeffort.

Itisdebatablewhetherthiswouldhavehappenediftheterroristshadstruckagain,orhaddonesomoreeffectivelythanwiththefewanthrax-carrying(含有炭疽病毒的)lettersthatwerereceivedlastOctoberfromstill-unknownauthors.Fornow,thelureofNewYorkhaspersuadedmostofitsinhabitantstogamblethatSeptember11thwasaone-off.Suchcalculationssurelyoverstatetheterrorists’impact,becausetheyassumethattheattackstoppedanascenteconomicup-turninitstracks.ThatgivesinsufficientweighttothedamagethatWallStreetwouldhavesufferedanywayduetothecrisisofinvestorconfidencefollowingthecollapseofEnron,theaccountingscandalsandsoforth.5.填空题Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmany（1）.Thesimple（2）forthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthings（3）inthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreements

（4）

interest,andmoregroupsandorganizations（5）differentbeliefs.In（6）,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertolerancein（7）societies.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangeby（8）moreareasoflifetodecision.Inasimple-racial（9）,thereare（10）occasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityfor（11）becauseeverythingseemstobethesame.And（12）conditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.Socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyand（13）inthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inthe（14）basicandemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;informratherthanin（15）;andinelementsthatare（16）tothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.（17）,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomes（18）readilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdifferences.Thisisonereasonwhychangehas（19）comemorequicklytoBlackAmericansas（20）tootherAmericanminorities,becauseofsharpdifferencebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.A.takedownB.turndownC.cutdownD.setdown6.单选题Inthedecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethemajorityoftheBlackpopulationhadbeenlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatmostofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofcottonindustryfollowingboll-weevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakofthefirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrant’ssubsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeeninvestigatedindetail.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentaflightfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforcereportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”,thefederalcensuscategoryroughlyincludingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbetemptedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters一whichhadamonopolyofcertaintrades?buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustries—tobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialjobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundscomesintoquestion.1.TheauthorindicatestheGreatMigrationexplicitlybyusingashersourceofinformation（

）.2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheunderlinedphrase“theeasyconclusion”isbasedontheassumptionthat（

）.4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.5.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?问题1选项A.immigrationServicereportsin1930B.theFirstWorldWarin1918C.thefederalcensusin1910D.southernnewspapersin1898问题2选项A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.B.Theybegantorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsouthernones.问题3选项A.peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasonsB.mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastoworkincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodosoC.peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgroundsD.mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers问题4选项A.introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformationB.supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodologyC.presentevidencethatresolvesacontradictionD.challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation问题5选项A.TheEffectofMigrationontheRegionalEconomiesoftheUnitedStatesFollowingtheFirstWorldWar.B.TheReasonsfortheSubsequentEconomicDifficultiesofThoseWhoParticipatedintheGreatMigration.C.TheTransitionfortheSubsequentEconomicDifficultiesofThoseWhoParticipatedintheGreatMigration.D.TheTransitionoftheAgriculturalSouthFollowingtheBoll-weevilInfestation7.单选题Shehasbutafaint（

）ofdialecticalmaterialism.问题1选项A.sacrificeB.reactionC.notionD.clue8.单选题Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’（

）.问题1选项A.commandB.convictionC.consentD.compromise9.单选题Youwillhavetoworkhardto（

）

thetimeyoulost.问题1选项A.makeuseofB.makeupforC.makewayofD.makeroomfor10.单选题Youwillfindthesceneryissobeautifulifyouviewfromthe（

）ofthehill.问题1选项A.ceilingB.summitC.mantleD.roof11.单选题Theplantoallowthereadingpublictorente-books,muchastheyrentmovies,hasprovedsomuchmorecontentiousthanitspioneer,theformerWaterstonesmanagingdirectorTimCoates,hadhoped.ThatpublishersareverycautiousoftheideaofhisnewBilbarye-rentalventure,whichlaunchedthisweek,isperhapsnotentirelysurprising:althoughthee-rentalsautomaticallydeletethemselveswhentheborrowingtimeexpires,theyfeartheschememightharmsales.Lesscontroversial,however,isMrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.Hundredsofthenation’s4,000publiclibrariesareatrisk;andcampaigners’attemptstopersuadecourtsandcouncilstokeepthemopenarelargelyfailing.Closinglibrariesisinevitable,theargumentgoes,inanerawhentwooutofthreeBritishhomeshaveacomputer.Butthatisfarfromthewholestory.While200millionbooksaresoldeveryyear,morethan310millionareborrowed.Theone-in-threehomeswithoutacomputerarethoseofthenation’spoorerchildren,manyofwhomlivewithoutevenatableatwhichtheycandotheirhomework.ItiswithonlythemildestexaggerationthatAlanBennett,theplaywrightandcampaigner,describestheclosureoflibrariesasanactof“childabuse”.Tosome,theword“library”conjuresonlynegativeassociations,anirrelevantanachronisminanincreasinglydigitalworld.Butagoodlibraryisfarmorethanjustaplacetostorebooks.Itisagatewaytoknowledge,aplacewellabletoadapttothecomputerageandindoingsosupportthecuriosity,studyandresearchofnewgenerations.Thereare,ofcourse,somelibrariesthatareunfitforpurpose.Butthosethatusedigitaltechnologiesasanaide,ratherthantreatthemasathreat,morethanholdtruetotheircorepurpose.Andthosethathavemadetheleapareseeingvisitornumbersrise,notfall.Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.WecanonlyhopethatMr.Coates’supportcanhelpmanyofthemtodoso.1.Theargumentabouttheclosingoflibrariesstemsfrom（）.2.Theword“anachronism”inPara.5mightmean（）.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardclosinglibrariescanbedescribedas（）.问题1选项A.thefallofsaleofbooksB.theadventofdigitaltechnologiesC.thegovernmentbudgetcutD.theworldeconomicrecession问题2选项A.chronologicalerrorB.phonologicalerrorC.etymologicalerrorD.historicalerror问题3选项A.Somepeoplebelievethatlibrariesareoutofdateindigitalage.B.IntheUK,oneoutofthreehomesdon’thavecomputers.C.Itisinevitablethatdigitallibrarieswillreplacetheexistinglibraries.D.Somelibrariesneedintroducingdigitaltechnologiesasanaid.问题4选项A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.neutral12.单选题Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas（

）methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.问题1选项A.advocatedB.impliedC.convincedD.illustrated13.单选题Theyhavehadonlyon

（

）

togainthewealth.问题1选项A.objectivismB.objectionC.objectiveD.objectivity14.写作题Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInformationExplosion.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:1.Currentsituationofinformationexplosion;2.Advantagesofinformationexplosion;3.Disadvantagesofinformationexplosion;4.Yoursuggestions.15.单选题Insomewaystheyareamarketer’sdream.Theyhavebillionsofdollarsinincome—andspendmostofit.Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall,theybuyregularly,ofteninresponsetopeerpressure.Theyareheavilyinfluencedbytelevisionadvertising.And,asaresultoftoday’ssmallerfamiliesandtheincreaseinthenumberoftwo-incomehouseholds,theyhavemoretosayaboutfamilypurchasedecisionsthaneverbefore.“They”arechildren,ofcourse,agroupwhosespendinghabitsareattractingtheattentionofmoreandmoremarketers.OnerecentstudyestimatesthatthethirtymillionU.S.children4to12yearsoldreceiveabout$4.7billionannuallyfromallowances,gifts,andoddjobs.Ofthatamount,theyspendatotalof$4.2billioneachyearonavarietyofgoods.Butchildren’sfinancialmuscledoesnotendthere.Researchersestimatethatchildrendirectlyinfluencemorethan$40billioninadultpurchaseseachyear.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenareextremelyawareofbrandsandhaveconsiderableinputintotheirparents’selectionsofapparels,cereals,snacks,cars,videocassetterecorders,televisions,andpersonalcomputers.Manychildrenareinvolvedinactualhouseholdpurchasing,especiallyfood;inarecentTeenageResearchstudy,halftheteengirlssurveyedreportedshoppingforgroceriesatleastonceaweek.Recognizingthisindirectpurchasingpowerthatchildrenhave,agrowingnumberofmarketersareapproachingtheyouthsdirectly.TheNationalDairyBoard,forexample,nowairsmilkcommercialswithyouthapparel,andProcter&Gamblehasdevelopedacrestforkids’toothpaste.Howdidchildrenacquiresuchbuyingpower?Researcherspointtoseveralfactors.Asthenumberofworkingcouplesandsingle-parenthouseholdsincreased,manyparentsshiftedcertainhouseholdresponsibilitiesontochildren’sshoulders.Thrustintoadultroles,childrenhaveendedupwithmoreinfluenceoverthefamily’spurchases,andtheyalsotendtospendincreasedamountsofmoneythemselves.Inaddition,manyolder,professionalcoupleshavefewerchildren.Theseparentscanaffordtolavishmoreontheirchildren,includingextraspendingmoneyforsuchitemsasFisher-PriceToys’$255children’scamcorderandtheMyFirstSonylineofelectronicsgearforchildren.Thebandwagoneffectisyetanotherfactor:whenonemarketerbeginstofocusonchildren,competitorsfollowsuit,encouragingevenmorechildren’spurchases.McDonald’sCorp.,forexample,hasaimedadvertisementsforitshamburgers,mealkits,andpartiesatchildrenforyears;nowHardee’sFoodSystemsInc.andWendy’sInternationalInc.aredoingthesame.Intelligentmarketersrealizethatchildrenactuallyrepresentthreemarkets:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers.Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawarenessandproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,evencompaniesnotsellingyouthproductspersearebeginningtopayattentiontochildren.Marketersareovercomingtheirtraditionalreluctancetoselldirectlytochildren,realizingthat,outtheresomewhere,tomorrow’sbig-ticketcustomerisplayingvideogamestoday.1.Thestatementthatchildren“havebillionsofdollarsinincome—andspendmostofit”impliesthatchildren（）.2.Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingchildren’sbuyingbehaviors?3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmarketersbelievechildrenwhodevelop“brandawareness”whentheyareyoungwill（）.4.Whichofthefollowingsumsupthemamideaofthispassage?问题1选项A.havenosenseofvalueregardingmoneyB.shouldnotwastemuchoftheirmoneyC.havethepotentialtobuymorethaneverbeforeD.shouldnotbegivensomuchmoneybytheirparents问题2选项A.Theyarenotinfluencedbyadvertising.B.Theyarecarefulaboutspendingonfastfood.C.Theyarenotinfluencedbymilkcommercials.D.Theyareverymuchinfluencedbytheirfriends.问题3选项A.staypracticalwhenitcomestobuyingproductsB.betiredofthebrandswhentheybecomeadultsC.getusedtobuyingthosebrandsintoadulthoodD.becomeinterestedinpurchasingotherproducts问题4选项A.Childrenhavegreatpowerasbuyersandconsumers.B.Childrenshouldermorehouseholdresponsibilities.C.Childrenhavemoretosayaboutfamilydecisions.D.Childrenareimportantmembersofsociety16.单选题Meetingnewpeoplewidenedtheyoungman’s（

）.问题1选项A.joysB.horizonsC.rangeD.vicinities17.写作题YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.18.翻译题在找工作的过程中，面试是一个关键时刻；面试的成功与否，除了面试官如何看你的条件及个人素质外，主要取决于他们如何评价你在面试中总的表现；因此，有必要把它当作一场演出或比赛来看待，其目的是向面试官表示你是干这项工作的最佳人选；大多数人在面试中采取被动策略，尽全力回答提出的问题；一种更好的方法是控制局面，使面试官有绝对理由相信你能胜任这项工作，让他们没有理由相信你不能胜任它。19.单选题Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully（

）.

问题1选项A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered20.单选题Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.问题1选项A.drawB.dealC.copeD.tackle第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】talkback顶嘴,反驳；sitin旁听,参加；standout站出来,坚持到底；getround四处走动。句意:没有手杖,父亲很难四处走动。选项D符合语境。

2.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.根据文章内容可知,作者在第一段并没有提出任何观点,而是通过引用诺贝尔奖获得者的评论来引出接下来要讨论的问题,所以选项A正确。2.根据第六段第一句“Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.”一个可能原因是,在宣传各种食品和饮料对健康有益的广告中,“抗氧化剂”一词被广泛使用。选项D符合原文。3.根据第九段的第一句“Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.”但是,我们集体拒绝吞下科学证据的苦果,可能还有更深层次的原因。这里指人们不愿相信已经证实的科学依据,所以选项C正确。4.根据最后一段最后一句“Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer...”抗氧化剂并不能延长我们的寿命,也不能预防癌症。也就是说,保持健康不仅仅是服用抗氧化剂就可以的。选项C符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:3.【答案】B【解析】contributeto有助于,促成；tributeto向...致敬；distributeto分发给。attributedto归因于,被认为是...所为。句意:在许多地方,疾病要么被认为是某种毒素侵入身体,要么被认为是愤怒的上帝、邪恶的魔法或巫术造成的。选项B符合句意。4.【答案】五月底的阵亡将士纪念日快到了,大众感到一阵恐慌,因为联邦政府像民众一样担心恐怖分子也许会用大规模杀伤性武器袭击一些城市。纽约《时代》杂志刊登了与封面图片有关的文章,探讨如果核弹在时报广场爆炸会发生什么样的情况。（但愿）周年纪念周安全度过以后,大众都会松一口气。但是,大多数纽约人不会忘记,既然纽约一年前成为恐怖袭击的目标,它以后仍最有可能成为美国受到袭击的重要目标。如果恐怖分子再度袭击,如果袭击比去年10月从几位匿名作者那里收到的、含有炭疽病毒的信件更可怕,公众是否还会如此团结,这一点尚有争议。5.【答案】1、ways

2、reason

3、present

4、in

5、with6、addition

7、mixed

8、opening

9、society

10、fewer11、change

12、though/although

13、readily

14、less

15、substance16、acceptable

17、Furthermore

18、more

19、not

20、compared【解析】1、根据句意可知，这里指人们在许多方面都很相似。inmanyways为常见搭配，表示在许多方面。2、上句提到社会变革大多发生在融合了不同种族的人类社会中，本句是解释这个现象出现的原因。3、根据句意：一个很简单的原因是，有更多不同的方法看待存在于第一类社会中的事物。presentin表示存在于，出现于。4、in表示在...方面，原文指在兴趣方面有更多的想法和分歧。5、with表示拥有，原文指更多的团体和组织拥有不同的信仰。6、下文的内容是对上文的补充，Inaddition表示补充说明。7、这里讲的是拥有不同种族人群的社会，用mixed表示混合的。8、根据句意：所有这些因素都倾向于通过更多的生活领域来促进社会变革。open表示打开，开放，符合原文句意，by+v-ing形式，所以这里填入opening。9、本段前半部分提到的是拥有不同种族人群的社会，这里应该指种族单一的社会。10、根据下文，因为很多东西都是一样的，所以人们很少有机会看到变革的必要性或机会。fewer和上文的more相对。11、根据原文可知，这里指社会变革。12、根据句意：生活条件可能不令人满意，但它们至少是一贯的无可争议的。though/although引导让步状语从句。13、根据句意可知，这里指社会变革在文化的物质方面比在非物质方面发生得更频繁，也更容易发生。readily表示容易地。14、根据句意，这里指在社会中不那么基础的和不那么情绪化的方面。15、填空处填入的词应和form相对，form表示形式上的，substance表示实质上的，符合原文语境。16、根据下文的strangeelements可推测，这里应填入可接受的，合理的elements。17、第三段是在前面两段的基础上进一步加深，所以用Furthermore表示还有另一种情况。18、根据句意：它更容易出现在持续的人际关系中，而不是出现在有明显差异的人际关系中。morereadily表示更加容易，符合原文句意。19、句意：这就是为什么变革在美国黑人当中没有来更快的原因。20、原文句意指，跟美国少数民族相比较，所以用compared。6.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第二段的三四句，1910年，60多万黑人工人,即黑人劳动力的10%，声称自己从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这一联邦人口普查类别基本上包括了整个工业部门。大迁移很可能完全由这个群体和他们的家庭组成。由此可知，作者以1910年联邦人口普查为资料来源，明确指出了大迁移。选项C正确。2.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Aftertheboll-weevilinfestation,...formerlypaidforindustrialjobs.”在棉铃虫泛滥之后，由于农村的黑人工人和白人工人不断涌入，城里的黑人工人面临着竞争，他们被迫降低了工资。选项A符合原文。3.根据第三段最后一句，向北迁移将被认为对一个已经城市化并稳定就业的群体有利，而将他们随后在北方遇到的经济问题与他们的农村背景联系起来的简单结论将受到质疑。再根据第一段最后一句，这一假设导致的结论是，北方移民随后缺乏经济流动性与其农村背景有关，农村背景意味着不熟悉城市生活和缺乏工业技能。选项C符合原文。4.结合文章内容可知，作者在第一段提出一个假设“大多数移民来自于农村”以及一个结论“北方移民随后缺乏经济流动性与其农村背景有关”；但在第二段，作者指出就业人口可能也会受到迁移的诱惑，原因在于当时盛行于南方的恶劣的劳动环境，这是在质疑第一段提出的假设。第三段也对第一段提出的结论进行了质疑，所以本文的目的是挑战一种被人们广泛接受的解释。选项D正确。5.根据原文内容可知，原文之所以提出大多数移民来自于农村的假设是因为人们向北方移民之后经济变得困难，所以本文其实是在探讨人们向北方移民之后经济困难的原因，选项B与原文相关。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7.【答案】C【解析】sacrifice牺牲；reaction反应；notion概念；clue线索。句意:她对辩证唯物主义只有一个模糊的概念。选项C符合语境。8.【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，这里指男孩未经父母的允许，consent指同意，赞成，答应；选项C符合句意。9.【答案】B【解析】makeuseof利用；makeupfor弥补,补偿；makewayfor让路,为...开路；makeroomfor为...腾出空位。句意:你必须努力工作来弥补你失去的时间。选项B符合句意。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：如果从山顶上看，你会发现风景是如此的美丽。只有选项B符合句意。11.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.根据第三段第一句“MrCoates’generouspledgetodonateagoodchunkofBilbary’sprofitstocampaignstokeepopenlibrariesthreatenedbygovernmentbudgetcuts.”科茨先生慷慨承诺将Bilbary的大部分利润捐赠给那些开放受到政府预算削减威胁的图书馆。由此可知,关于关闭图书馆的争论源于政府的预算削减,选项C符合原文。2.根据原文句意:对一些人来说,“图书馆”这个词只会让人联想到负面的联想,在这个日益数字化的世界里,这是一个无关紧要的时代错误。根据“anincreasinglydigitalworld”可以推测,时代在变化,所以这里指的是时代错误,选项A正确。3.原文最后一段倒数第二句“Britain’slibrariesdonotneedclosingbuttheymayneedchanging.”英国的图书馆不需要关闭,但是可能需要改变。所以,选项C说法错误。4.作者在最后一段提到,英国的图书馆不需要关闭,但是可能需要改变。这体现了作者的中立态度。所以选项D正确。12.【答案】C【解析】convincesb.that