2023年考研考博考博英语东北大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语东北大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题The（）dancerwhowas70wasjusttooexhaustedtoproducegooddancemoves.问题1选项A.morassB.hierarchicalC.effeteD.proselyte2.单选题Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.Theobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness"(Line1，Para.2)?3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?5.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto（）.问题1选项A.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurviveB.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingoutC.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles,extinctionD.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction问题2选项A.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.B.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.C.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.D.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.问题3选项A.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.B.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.C.Theirlowerreproductionability.D.Contaminationofseawater.问题4选项A.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.B.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.C.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.D.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.问题5选项A.persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtlesB.stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotectedC.callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survivalD.warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies3.单选题Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations（）.问题1选项A.simultaneouslyB.spontaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.contemporarily4.翻译题Stanfordopeneditsdoorsin1891,andmorethanacenturylater,itremainsdedicatedtofindingsolutionstothegreatchallengesofthedayandtopreparingourstudentsforleadershipintoday’scomplexworld.Stanfordstudentsstandoutfortheiracademicexcellence.TheycomefromthroughouttheUnitedStatesandtheworld,representingdemographic,economicandculturaldiversity.Studentsareadmittedonaneed-blindbasis,andtheuniversityensuresthatnoadmittedstudentisunabletoattend.Oncehere,studentsdiscoverthatexploration,challengeandcuriosityarelimitedonlybytheirdesires.Stanfordisunusualamonggreatuniversitiesinhavingsevenschoolsononecampus:HumanitiesandSciences,Law,Medicine,Business,EarthSciences,EngineeringandEducation.Thisbreadthprovidesstudentswithunparalleledfreedomtocrossdepartmentalboundariesanddiscoverintellectualandpersonalpassions.Creativethinking,problem-solving,andresearcharecentraltotheacademicprogramsatStanfordandlearningtakesplaceinanenvironmentofintimatecollaboration.FromNobelPrizewinnerstoundergraduates,allmembersofStanfordareengagedincreatingnewknowledge,whetherinsciences,business,artsorwherevertheirinterestslie.Stanfordisparticularlynotedforitsopennesstomultidisciplinaryresearchnotonlywithinitsschoolsanddepartments,butalsoinitslaboratories,institutes,librariesandresearchcenters.LivingandlearningareintimatelyintertwinedatStanford.Extra-curricularprograms,organizations,performances,forumsandathleticsbeckonstudents,facultyandstaff,aswellasneighborsfromthecommunitiesaroundus.Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseandwritetheansweronyourANSWERSHEET.5.单选题Helookedpale,tiredanddepressed,foralthoughhehadbeenworkingforfifteen（）daysontheproject,hisbosswasstillfarfrombeingsatisfiedwiththeresult.问题1选项A.consecutiveB.continuousC.consequentD.controversial6.单选题Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）tothosewhoareaggressiveandcompetewell.问题1选项A.regimeB.prestigeC.superiorityD.legislature7.单选题Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.问题1选项A.agitateB.aggravateC.aggregateD.alleviate8.单选题Eighteenisthe（）votingageinourcountry.问题1选项A.minimalB.minimumC.minuteD.miniature9.单选题Whenthedoctordoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（）andasksthemalotofquestions.问题1选项A.atrandomB.atlengthC.inessenceD.inbulk10.翻译题Inalmosteveryformofmedia,includingtelevision,newspapersandmagazines,agreatdealattentionispaidtothepersonallivesofcelebrities.Itseemsthatthepubliccannotgetenoughofthiskindofnews.However,Ibelievethatthemediahavearesponsibilitytopresentabalancedviewoftheworld,aswellasrespectthelivesofpublicfigures.Therefore,Ibelievethatthemediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeople.Forpeoplewhoarefascinatedwiththelivesofpublicfigurestherearesomeformsofmediadevotedexclusivelytothistopic.TheycansatisfytheircuriositybybuyingfanmagazinesandwatchingTVshowsdevotedtoentertainmentnews.Thegeneralmediashouldpresentalltypesofinformationbecausepeoplehavedifferentinterests.Furthermore,thepracticeofdwellingontheprivatelivesofcelebritiescanleadpeopletopaymoreattentiontothesemattersthantheyotherwisewould.Perhapsmostimportantly,themediashouldrespecttheprivacyofeveryindividual,includingpublicfigures.Theymayhavechosentobeinthepubliceye,butthatdoesgivethepublictherighttoknoweverythingaboutthem.Moreover,manystoriesaboutcelebritiesareuntrue;theyareonlygossipreportedto-increasesalesofmagazinesandothermedia.Theyareunfairtothefamousandmisleadthepublic.Forallofthesereasons,Ibelievethatthemediashouldpaymoreattentiontomattersotherthantheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Inthisway,theycanappealtoawideraudienceandencouragepeopletodevelopotherinterests.Inmyopinion,themediacurrentlypaytoomuchattentiontotheprivatelivesofpublicfigures.Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.11.单选题Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.问题1选项A.TheyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattendB.TheyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildrenC.TheyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplicationD.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves问题2选项A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollegeB.TheyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarshipsC.TheirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogotoD.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto问题3选项A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccessB.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducationC.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgroundD.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements问题4选项A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollegeB.DegreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprogramsC.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRED.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation问题5选项A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication12.单选题Thecitizensexpresstheir（）tothelocalcouncilforthehelp.问题1选项A.attitudeB.gratitudeC.altitudeD.gravity13.单选题TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?问题1选项A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.问题2选项A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreelyB.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfreeC.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpertD.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers问题3选项A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.问题4选项A.$3to$3.5.B.$10.C.$6.5to$7.D.$5.问题5选项A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotographB.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformedC.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabaseD.findsomeone’semailaddress问题6选项A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.问题7选项A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.问题8选项A.ExpertsonLineB.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCashC.SuccessinRecessionTimeD.PromisingOnlineEconomy14.单选题Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.问题1选项A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompaniesB.government’sincreasedattentionondisasterC.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisastersD.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch问题2选项A.1billiondollarsB.8billiondollarsC.9billiondollarsD.17billiondollars问题3选项A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplacesB.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisksC.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernmentD.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry问题4选项A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloudB.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeoceanC.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrustD.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic问题5选项A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflossesB.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsuranceC.thege