2023年考研考博考博英语中国海洋大学考试高频考点参考题库答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国海洋大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Heisamanyoucanrelyon.Henevergoesbackonhis（

）.问题1选项A.wordB.wordsC.permissionD.saying2.单选题Wearenot（

）tovetoourownproposals.问题1选项A.likelyB.possibleC.probableD.potential3.单选题Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"research---thatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural（校外的）grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline6ofparagraphone?3.“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat（

）.4.Whichareaofresearchhassufferedmostfromthecutsinthefederalinstitutes’funds?5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbebestusedforthetitleofthepassage?问题1选项A.Theyneedscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearchbadly.B.Theyaretoopoortospareenoughforthedevelopmentofscience.C.Theyhaveotherprioritiesinsteadofspendingadecentamountofmoneyonscience.D.Allofabove问题2选项A.DisputeB.DiversionC.InequalityD.Argument问题3选项A.thequestionhastobelefttothepublictodecideB.thequestionistooself-evidenttobediscussedanyfurtherC.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionaboutthisquestionD.moreinformationhastobecollectedbeforethequestioncanbefinallyanswered问题4选项A.AppliedresearchB.BasicresearchC.ChemistryprojectsD.Newresearchprojects问题5选项A.DisputeaboutresearchfundingB.TrendsofresearchfundingC.ResearchanddevelopmentD.Basicandappliedresearches4.单选题Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection（

）importantsinglescientificinnovationinthenineteenthcentury.问题1选项A.certainlythemostB.wascertainlythemostC.willcertainlybethemostD.wasthemostcertain5.单选题

Itisunfortunatetheseexperimentsmustnowbe（

）forlackofmoney.问题1选项A.transferredB.terminatedC.testifiedD.transformed6.单选题（

）,Dan'smotherhastoaskhimthreetimesbeforehehelpswiththedishes.问题1选项A.AboutaverageB.OnaverageC.AboveaverageD.Ataverage7.单选题Ruleshavebeen（

）forthebehaviorofthemembersofthegolfclub.问题1选项A.lainoffB.laindownC.laidoffD.laiddown8.单选题NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.问题1选项A.contaminationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.configuration9.单选题Themotionofoceanwater（

）atdifferentdepthsbelowthesurface.问题1选项A.variesB.modifiedC.altersD.differs10.单选题Notaskissodifficult（

）.问题1选项A.thatwecanaccomplishitB.astobeunabletoaccomplishitC.butwecanaccomplishitD.butwecannotaccomplishit11.单选题Parksandsimilarrecreationareasactasakindofbarrierbetweenresidentialandindustrialareas.Thegovernmentismakingeffortstopreservethis“GreenBelt”tohaltthespreadofindustrialgrowthandexcessivesuburban"sprawl"intothesurroundingcountryside.Planningpermissiontobuildanewfactorycomplexorhousingestateisoftenrefusedforthisreason.Peoplenowadayshavebecomeveryconsciousofthethreatwhichmodernlivingposestoournaturalenvironment.Theyarebecomingconcernedaboutthequalityofpresent-daylifeandaregivingvigoroussupporttoconservationpolicieswhichaimtosafeguardthecountrysidethatisstilluntouched,andtocleanandrestorewhathasalreadybeenspoiled.Thisinvolvesclearingtowncentersofallmotortrafficwithitspollutingfumesandgases,preventingagriculturallandfrombeingsoldtounscrupulouspropertydevelopers,andlaunchingapowerfulcampaignagainsttheseriouschemicalpollutionofmanyofourrivers,lakesandcoastalwaters.Thereisevensometalkaboutmakingourelaboratecanalsystemviableagainforthetransportationofgoodssuchascoal,whichwouldthenlessentheamountofheavytrafficonouralreadyoverloadedroads.Neitherisitallemptytalk;forthefirsttimeindecadesfisharebeingcaughtinthelowerreachesoftheThames.Fortheconservationiststhisrepresentsarealvictoryandgivesthemwell-deservedsatisfaction.1.Motortrafficisbannedfrommanytowncentersbecause（

）.2.The"GreenBelt"inline2refersto（

）.

3.ThefactthatfishesarenowbeingcaughtinthelowerreachesoftheThamesshowsthat（

）.

4.Whatthreatdoesmodernlivingposetoournaturalenvironment?5.Thecampaignagainstseriouspollutionofriverswaslaunchedbecause（

）.

6.Accordingtothepassage,inwhatotherwaycanthecanalsystembeused?问题1选项A.thereistoomuchtrafficalreadyB.itcontaminatestheairwithfumesandgasesC.thesmellofthefumesandgasesisterribleD.itisnoisyanddangerous问题2选项A.thesurroundingcountrysideB.thetreesplantedalongthecityroadsC.recreationalareasD.industrialareas问题3选项A.thecampaigntocleanuprivershasbroughtaboutachangeinthenaturalenvironmentB.thegovernmenthasnointerestinclearingupthemiddleandupperreachesoftheriverC.therestoftheriverisstillpollutedD.thereisnofishinthemiddleandupperreachesoftheriver问题4选项A.Therisingcostofliving.B.Theexcessivegrowthofsuburbanareas.C.Therapidexpansionofindustry.D.Thedeteriorationofthequalityoflife.问题5选项A.thegovernmentwantedtopreservethecleanlinessoftheriversB.thegovernmentwantedtoraisefishintheriversC.thegovernmentwantedtolessenthetrafficburdensontheroadD.thegovernmentwantedtosafeguardthecountryside问题6选项A.Asafishingpond.B.Asaboatingcenter.C.Asameanstocarrygoods.D.Asarecreationalarea12.单选题Atsometimeinyourlife,youmayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon'tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It'snottaboototalkaboutfat;it'stabootobefat.The"in"lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimagesaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis"in",fatis"out".It'snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebeenobsessedwithstayingslimand"inshape".Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelifestyleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sboodlescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.1.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois（

）.2.Basedontheideasinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"inAmericansociety

（

）.

3.Thetopicoffatismanyothertaboosubjects

（

）.

4.Whatdoes"thinis'in',andfatis'out"mean?5.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise:themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis（

）.问题1选项A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterribleB.acrimecommittedonimpulseC.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyesD.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople问题2选项A.willalwaysremainatabooB.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeopleC.haslongbeenatabooD.maynolongerbeataboosomeday问题3选项A.thesameasB.differentfromC.morepopularthanD.lessoftentalkedabout问题4选项A.Thinis"inside",andfatis"outside".B.Thinis"diligent",andfatis"lazy".C.Thinis"youthful",andfatis"spiritless".D.Thinis"fashionable",andfatis"unfashionable".问题5选项A.theirchangedlifestyleB.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthfulC.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexerciseD.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies13.单选题Students'goodbehaviorwillbetakeninto（

）whentheprizesarebeingdetermined.问题1选项A.regardB.accountC.countD.observation14.单选题Safetydevices（

）inpreventingaccidentsintheworkshop.问题1选项A.assistB.assureC.assembleD.contribute15.单选题AlthoughAmericaninstitutionshaveanunquestionableprestigeinthe（

）academicmarketplace,theirhistorywasnotcomparablewiththatoftheBritishones.问题1选项A.curricularB.contemporaryC.communicativeD.conceptual16.单选题Mathematicsaswellasothersubjects（

）ascience.问题1选项A.wasB.isC.areD.belongto17.单选题Wearedoingthisworkinthe（

）ofreformsintheeconomic,socialandculturalsphere问题1选项A.contextB.contestC.textureD.pretext18.单选题Thechildrencouldnot（

）laughingatthesightofthemonkeyssittingcross-leggedwithacigaretteinhismouth.问题1选项A.preventfromB.refrainfromC.leaveoffD.holdonto19.单选题WhenBritishvotersgotothepollsduringGeneralElectionstodecidewhowillgovernthem,theyusuallyhaveachoiceofatleastthreecandidateswhowilleachrepresentoneofthethreemainpoliticalpartiesinBritaintoday.TheLaborPartyisthepartyoftheleft,theToryorConservativePartyrepresentstherightandbetweenthetwo,withpoliticsandopinionsofitsown.isthesmallerLiberalParty.Britainisdividedintoover600politicalunitsknownas“constituencies’’，eachwithitsowncandidateswhostandforParliamenthopingtobeelected(orre-elected)withlargemajorities.ThecitiesandlargetownsarethemselvesdividedintoconstituenciesandtheyalsochoosetheMembersofParliament(MPs)whowillrepresenttheirviewsintheHousesofParliamentatWestminster.Here,inthe"House",thegovernmentofthedayledbyitsPrimeMinisterandhisCabinet----ateamofspeciallyselectedministers——carriesoutitsdutiesofgoverningthecountry.Variousproposalsareputforwardfordebateanddiscussionandthesemay,eventually,becomepartofthelawoftheland.Thegovernmentinofficehastofacethecriticismoftheotherpartieswhichareinopposition.ThisisthesortofdemocraticprocessthatthemajorityofBritishpeopleseemtofavor.HerMajesty'sGovernmentiswatchedoverbyHerMajesty'sOpposition,andthusacertainbalanceofpowerismaintained.Decisionsaremadebyamajorityvoteandthis,ofcourse,iswheretheotherparties,theLiberals,theNationalandRegionalparties(suchastheScottishorWelshNationalParty),andotherindependentpartiescanexercisetheirinfluence.Someissuesmaybedecidedonamerehandfulofvotes.1.Accordingtothepassage,theLiberalPartycouldbedescribedas（

）.2.Aconstituencyis（

）.

3.HowcantheotherpartiesexercisetheirinfluenceinParliament，accordingtothepassage?4.TheCabinetis（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?6.Theappropriatetitleforthispassageis（

）.问题1选项A.apartywithpoliciesofitsownB.theonlysmallpartywithindependentviewsC.averyinfluentialpartyD.asmallpartywithnocentralpolicy问题2选项A.aplacewheretheGeneralElectionisheldB.apoliticalareafoundonlyinthelargertownsC.anarearepresentedbyanMPinParliamentD.anareaofthecountry问题3选项A.Byremainingindependent.B.Bysupportingvariousproposalsputforwardbythemajorparties.C.ThroughtheMembersofParliamenttheyhavechosen.D.Throughtheircombinedvotingpower.问题4选项A.thePrimeMinistries'privateofficeB.aministerialgroupassistingthePrimeMinisterC.anygroupofMPswithspecialresponsibilityD.aspeciallychosenteamofministersfromallthreepoliticalparties问题5选项A.TheBritishvotersusuallyhaveachoiceamongatleastthreecandidates.B.ThethreemajorpartiesofBritainaretheLaborParty,TheToryParty,andtheConservativeParty.C.Thegovernmentinofficehastofacevariouskindsofcriticismfromtheoppositionparties.D.Theresultofthevoteisdecidedbytheopinionofthemajorityofvoters.问题6选项A.TheBritishvotingSystemB.BritishvotersC.TheThreeMajorPartiesofBritainD.HerMajesty’sGovernment20.单选题Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.问题1选项A.releasedB.replacedC.relievedD.retained第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】句意:他是一个值得信赖的人。他从不食言。考查固定搭配。gobackonone’swords食言。2.【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项likely“很可能的（可能性比较强）”，其主语可以是人；B选项possible“可能的，合理的”，主语一般为it；C选项probable“很可能的；可信的”，一般是这样用的：itisprobablethat；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”，一般为：itispotentialtodosth.。句意：我们不可能否定我们自己的提议。句子主语是We，根据题干可知likely符合句意。3.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。A:他们对科学技术培训和研发有极强的需求,B:他们太穷，以至于没有足够的科学发展资金,C:他们有其他需要优先考虑的事情，而不是花大量资金在科研上。根据题干关键词the“underdeveloped”countries定位至第一段:Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped”countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting---anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch(可悲的是，欠发达国家有很强的科研需求，但其经济却无法支持，或者没有能力支持任何一项实质的科学技术培训或研发),由此判断此题选D“以上所有选项”。2.词义题。“disparity”所在句为:ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered(阅读皇家学会主席P.M.S.Blackette的演讲，其中就考虑了“有”和“没有”经济体之间存在的巨大…),由此推测,“disparity”表示“不同”或者“差异”。四个选项中,C项inequality(不同)与之意思最为接近。3.语义题。“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”表示“充其量是一个开放的问题”,因此C项“对此问题，不同的人有不同的观点”比较符合这句话意思。4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf(委员会得出的结论是，资金平均己经削减了20%,与此最密切相关的基础研究的基金减少一半)。故选B“基础研究”。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了财政对科研的支持的不同报道和不同观点。经济实力强的国家能为科研提供更多支持，经济欠发达国家更需要发展科研，但是却没有足够的资金支持，因此人们对于财政支持科研发展有不同的观点看法。因此A项“关于研究经费的讨论”比较适合做文章标题。4.【答案】B【解析】句意:自然选择进化论当然是十九世纪最重要的独特科学创新。语法题。考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知,Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection为主语,importantsinglescientificinnovation为表语,句子缺少系动词。排除A项。句子指明“十九世纪”,故应用过去式,排除C。副词certainly修饰形容词most的最高级。故选B。5.【答案】B【解析】句意:不幸的是,由于缺乏资金这些实验必须终止。考查动词辨析。四个选项都是对应动词的过去分词形式。Transfer使转移;terminate使终止;testify证明,证实;transform改变。故B符合句意。6.【答案】B【解析】句意:Dan的妈妈平均要要求三次，他才会帮忙洗盘子。考查短语辨析。onaverage平局;aboveaverage在一般水准以上;没有aboutaverage和ataverage这种搭配。7.【答案】D【解析】句意:针对高尔夫球俱乐部成员行为的制度己被制定。考查短语辨析。四个选项分别是对应动词词组的过去分词形式表被动。Lieoff停止工作;liedown躺下（休息或睡眠）;layoff辞退）工人，脱掉（衣物），放弃;laydown放下,搁下,规定。由关键词rules(制度)可知D符合句意。8.【答案】B【解析】句意:最近《科学》杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化合物主要来自于地球上的组成物质，而非是火星上的细菌。考查形近词辨析。Contamination污染,污染物;constitution宪法,章程,构造,组成物质;condemnation谴责,指责;configuration结构,构造,格局。ratherthan连接空格跟“bacteriaonMars(火星上的细菌)”,因此空格处应该是“组成物质”。9.【答案】A【解析】句意:在海面下的不同深度，海水的运动是变化的。考查动词辨析。Vary变化;modify修改，修饰;alter改变，更改;differ相异,有区别,不同于。故A符合句意。10.【答案】C【解析】句意:不管任务有多困难，我们都能完成。语法题。考查否定句的特殊用法。But可以表示否定意义，相当于“that...not”，因此,butwecanaccomplishit相当于“thatwecannotaccomplishit”。11.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thisinvolvesclearingtowncentersofallmotortrafficwithitspollutingfumesandgases(这个（即环境保护政策）涉及清除城镇中心所有产生污染烟雾和气体的机动车),由此可知B项“它的烟雾和气体污染空气”正确。2.词义题。"GreenBelt"所在句的前一句为:Parksandsimilarrecreationareasactasakindofbarrierbetweenresidentialandindustrialareas(公园和类似的休闲区成为住宅区和工业区之间的一种屏障),而后说:政府正努力保护这种“绿色地带”,由此可知GreenBelt指代“休闲区”。3.判断推理题。最后一段指出:ForthefirsttimeindecadesfisharebeingcaughtinthelowerreachesoftheThames.Fortheconservationiststhisrepresentsarealvictoryandgivesthemwell-deservedsatisfaction(数十年来，泰晤士河下游首次捕获鱼类。对自然资源保护者来说，这是一个真正的胜利，给了他们应得的满足),由此可知A项“清洁河流的活动己带来环境方面的改变”正确。4.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theyarebecomingconcernedaboutthequalityofpresent-daylifeandaregivingvigoroussupporttoconservationpolicieswhichaimtosafeguardthecountrysidethatisstilluntouched,andtocleanandrestorewhathasalreadybeenspoiled(人们担忧如今的生活质量，且正在给予旨在保护未被影响的乡村、清洁和恢复被破坏环境的环境保护政策大力的支持)。故D项“恶化了的生活质量”正确。5.判断推理题。第二段指出:Theyarebecomingconcernedaboutthequalityofpresent-daylifeandaregivingvigoroussupporttoconservationpolicieswhichaimtosafeguardthecountrysidethatisstilluntouched,andtocleanandrestorewhathasalreadybeenspoiled(他们开始关注现在的生活质量，并大力支持旨在保护仍未被破坏的农村、清洁和恢复已经被破坏的土地的保护政策),后面指出“这些政策包括发起强有力的活动来反对我们对很多河流、湖泊和沿海水域的严重化学污染”,由此可知D项“政府想耍保护乡村”正确。6.细节事实题。根据题干关键词canalsystem定位至第二段:Thereisevensometalkaboutmakingourelaboratecanalsystemviableagainforthetransportationofgoodssuchascoatwhichwouldthenlessentheamountofheavytrafficonouralreadyoverloadedroads(甚至有一些人说让我们复杂的运河系统再次变得可以运输如煤等商品，那么这将让我们己超载的路上的交通量减少),故C项“作为运输物品的一种方式”正确。12.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词taboo定位至第二段:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime(或许，关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的一个事情是，它多年来如何能在同样的社会里发生变化和曾经被认为是禁忌的某些行为或观点如何能在另外—个时间点变得完全被接受和正常)。由此可知C项“不被公众接受的行为”正确。2.判断推理题。第二段指出:Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudeonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime(或许，关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的一个事情是，它多年来如何能在同样的社会里发生变化和曾经被认为是禁忌的某些行为或观点如何能在另外一个时间点变得完全被接受和正常)。由此推测D项“总有一天不再是禁忌”正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词Thetopicoffat定位至第三段:Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatisatopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly(不同于其他禁忌，人们经常会谈到与肥胖有关的事情)。因此B项“不同于”正确。4.语义题。根据题干关键词thinis“in”,andfatis“out”定位至第三段:Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respectInanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”，fatis“out”(苗条的身材让人联想到年轻，活力和成功。另一方面，肥胖的人被认为是懒惰或缺乏活力、自我约束和自尊。在一个注重外表的国家，比如美国，苗条意味着…，而肥胖意味着…)。根据句意推测,“in”和“out”分别表示“年轻，活力和成功”和“懒惰或缺乏活力、自我约束和自尊”,故C项“瘦就是青春，胖就是缺乏活力”正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词healthandexercise和themainreason定位至最后一段:Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmericans'fascinationwithdietandexercise(然而，对年轻外表的追求，不仅仅是因为美国人对节食和身体锻炼的热衷),由此可知B项“对保持苗条和青春的追求”正确。13.【答案】B【解析】句意:决定奖品的发放时，将会考虑学生的良好品行。考查固定搭配。takeintoaccount考虑…。其他选项不能与takeinto搭配。14.【答案】A【解析】句意:安全设备有助于防止车间出事故。考查动词辨析。Assist帮助,促进,assistindoingsth.协助做某事;assure保证,担保;assemble集合,聚集,装配;contribute贡献,出力。因此A符合句意。15.【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管美国的院校在当代学术论坛上有无可置疑的声望，但是它们的历史却比不上英国院校的历史。考查形容词辨析。Curricular课程的;contemporary属同时期的,同一时代的,当代的;communicative乐意沟通的,语言交际能力的;conceptual概念(上)的,观念(上)的。因此B符合句意。16.【答案】B【解析】句意:如其它学科一样，数学是一门科学。语法题。考查主谓一致。名词+aswellas/nolessthan/but/except/with/like+其他名词做主语吋，谓语与第一个名词一致。Mathematics(数学)为单数，故谓语动词也应该用三单形式。此处是陈述事实,所以时态选用一般现在时。故选B。17.【答案】A【解析】句意:我们正在经济、社会、文化改革的背景下开展这项工作。考查名词辨析。Context上下文,环境,背景;contest比赛,竞争;texture质地,纹理;pretext借口,托辞。因此A符合句意。18.【答案】B【解析】句意:看见猴子嘴刁香烟盘腿而坐的时候，孩子们忍不住都笑了。考查短语辨析。preventfrom防止,阻止,预防;refrainfrom忍住,抑制;leaveoff停止,中断;holdonto保持住,抓住不放。因此B符合句意。19.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:...andbetweenthetwo,withpoliticsandopinionsofitsown,isthesmallerLiberalParty(而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故A项“一个拥有自己政治的政党”符合原文所述。2.细节事实题。第三段指出:ThecitiesandlargetownsarethemselvesdividedintoconstituenciesandtheyalsochoosetheMembersofParliament(MPs)whowillrepresenttheirviewsintheHousesofParliamentatWestminster(这些城市和大的城镇各自分为多个选区，并且他们会选举自己的国会议员，以在位于威斯敏斯特的国会大厦中代表自己的观点),故C项“由一个国会议员所代表的地方”正确。3.细节事实题。最后一段指出:Decisionsaremadebyamajorityvoteandthis,ofcourse,iswheretheotherparties,theLiberals,theNationalandRegionalparties（suchastheScottishorWelshNationalParty）,andotherindependentpartiescanexercisetheirinfluence(（政府的）决策由大多数选票来决定，当然这一点也是其它政党如自由党，其它独立党派能施加他们的影响的地方),故选D“通过联合起来的投票权”。4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:...thegovernmentofthedayledbyitsPrimeMinisterandhisCabinet----ateamofspeciallyselectedministers—carriesoutitsdutiesofgoverningthecountry(由政府总理和总理的内阁（一组专门选定的大臣）领导的政府执行管理国家的责任),由此可知内阁是“协助总理的大臣团体”。5.细节事实题。A:英国选民通常可以在三位候选人中做出选择,第一段指出:...theyusuallyhaveachoiceofatleastthreecandidates...(他们一般有至少三位候选人),故A项符合原文所述。B:英国的三大政党为：工党、托利党和保守党,第二段指出:TheLaborPartyisthepartyoftheleft,theToryorConservativePartyrepresentstherightandbetweenthetwo,withpoliticsandopinionsofitsown,isthesmallerLiberalParty(工党是左翼政党，托利党（或保守党）是右翼政党，而介于这个两个政党之间的是较小的自由党，其有自己政治和观点),故B项与原文不符。C:执政党需要面对来自在野党的各种指责,最后一段指出:Thegovernmentinofficehastofacethecriticismoftheotherpartieswhichareinopposition(执政党不得不面对在野党的指责),故C符合原文。D:选举的结果由大多数选民的意见来决定,第三段指出:Britainisdividedintoover600politicalunitsknownas“constituencies”，eachwithitsowncandidateswhostandforParliamenthopingtobeelected（orre-elected）withlargemajorities(英国被分为600多个政治选区，每个选区都有代表议会的自己的候选人，且这些人希望被大多数选民选举（或再次被选举）),故D正确。因此本题选B。6.主旨大意题。主要讲英国的选举制度以及在野党怎样通过选票来施加自己对执政党的影响等,故A项“英国的选举制度”比较适合做文章标题。20.【答案】C【解析】句意:他幽默的言辞缓和了会议上的紧张气氛。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Release释放,放出,发泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve缓和,解除,减轻;retain保持。由关键词thetension(紧张局势)可知C符合句意。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueiros---aswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesareunholy.1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecausearthistory（

）.2.Artissubjectiveinthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?4.Thepassageismainlydiscussing（

）.

5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat（

）.问题1选项A.showsusthereligionsandemotionsofapeopleinadditiontopoliticalvaluesB.providesuswithinformationaboutthedailyactivitiesofpeopleinthepastC.givesusaninsightintotheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplaceD.all