2023年考研考博考博英语重庆大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语重庆大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.填空题MakingEveryDropCountAThehistoryofhumancivilizationisentwinedwiththehistoryofthewayswehavelearnedtomanipulatewaterresources.Astownsgraduallyexpanded,waterwasbroughtfromincreasinglyremotesources,leadingtosophisticatedengineeringeffortssuchasdamsandaqueducts.AttheheightoftheRomanEmpire,ninemajorsystems,withaninnovativelayoutofpipesandwell-builtsewers,suppliedtheoccupantsofRomewithasmuchwaterperpersonasisprovidedinmanypartsoftheindustrialworldtoday.BDuringtheindustrialrevolutionandpopulationexplosionofthe19thand20thcenturies,thedemandforwaterrosedramatically.Unprecedentedconstructionoftensofthousandsofmonumentalengineeringprojectsdesignedtocontrolfloods,protectcleanwatersupplies,andprovidewaterforirrigationandhydropowerbroughtgreatbenefitstohundredsofmillionsofpeople.Foodproductionhaskeptpacewithsoaringpopulationsmainlybecauseoftheexpansionofartificialirrigationsystemsthatmakepossiblethegrowthof40%oftheworld’sfood.Nearlyonefifthofalltheelectricitygeneratedworldwideisproducedbyturbinesspunbythepoweroffallingwater.CYetthereisadarksidetothispicture,despiteourprogress,halfoftheworld’spopulationsstillsuffers,withwaterservicesinferiortothoseavailabletotheancientGreeksandRomans.AstheUnitedNationsreportonaccesstowaterreiteratedinNovember2001,morethanonebillionpeoplelackaccesstocleandrinkingwater,sometwoandahalfbilliondonothaveadequatesanitationservices.Preventablewater-relateddiseaseskillanestimated10,000to20,0000childreneveryday,andthelatestevidencesuggeststhatwearefallingbehindineffortstosolvetheseproblems.DTheconsequencesofourwaterpoliciesextendbeyondjeopardizinghumanhealth.Tensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenforcedtomovefromtheirhomes—oftenwithlittlewarningorcompensation—tomakewayforthereservoirsbehinddams.Morethan20%ofallfreshwaterfishspeciesarenowthreatenedorendangeredbecausedamsandwaterwithdrawalshavedestroyedthefree-flowingriverecosystemswheretheythrive.Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.GroundwateraquifersarebeingpumpeddownfasterthantheyarenaturallyreplenishedinpartsofIndia,China,theUSAandelsewhere.Anddisputesoversharedwaterresourceshaveledtoviolenceandcontinuetoraiselocal,nationalandeveninternationaltensions.EAttheoutsetofthenewmillennium,however,thewayresourceplannersthinkaboutwaterisbeginningtochange.Thefocusisslowlyshiftingbacktotheprovisionofbasichumanandenvironmentalneedsastoppriorityensuring‘someforall’，insteadof‘moreforsome’.Somewaterexpertsarenowdemandingthatexistinginfrastructurebeusedinsmarterwaysratherthanbuildingnewfacilities,whichisincreasinglyconsideredtheoptionoflast,notfirst,resort.Thisshiftinphilosophyhasnotbeenuniversallyaccepted,anditcomeswithstrongoppositionformsomeestablishedwaterorganizations.Nevertheless,itmaybetheonlywaytoaddresssuccessfullythepressingproblemsofprovidingeveryonewithcleanwatertodrink,adequatewatertogrowfoodandalifefreefrompreventablewater-relatedillness.FFortunately—andunexpectedly—thedemandforwaterisnotrisingasrapidlyassomepredicted.Asaresult,thepressuretobuildnewwaterinfrastructureshasdiminishedoverthepasttwodecades.Althoughpopulation,industrialoutputandeconomicproductivityhavecontinuedtosoarindevelopednations,therateatwhichpeoplewithdrawwaterfromaquifers,riversandlakeshasslowed.Andinafewpartsoftheworld,demandhasactuallyfallen.GWhatexplainsthisremarkableturnofevents?Twofactors:peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermoreefficiently,andcommunitiesarerethinkingtheirprioritiesforwateruse.Throughoutthefirstthree-quartersofthe20thcentury,thequantityoffreshwaterconsumedperpersondoubledonaverage;intheUSA，waterwithdrawalsincreasedtenfoldwhilethepopulationquadrupled.Butsince1980,theamountofwaterconsumedperpersonhasactuallydecreased,thankstoarangeofnewtechnologiesthathelptoconservewaterinhomesandindustry.In1965,forinstance,Japanusedapproximately13milliongallonsofwatertoproduce$1millionofcommercialoutput;by1989thishaddroppedto3.5milliongallons(evenaccountingforinflation)—almostaquadruplingofwaterproductivity.IntheUSA,waterwithdrawalshavefallenbymorethan20%fromtheirpeakin1980.HOntheotherhand,dams,aqueductsandotherkindsofinfrastructurewillstillhavetobebuilt,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswherebasichumanneedshavenotbeenmet.Butsuchprojectsmustbebuilttohigherspecificationsandwithmoreaccountabilitytolocalpeopleandtheirenvironmentthaninthepast.Andeveninregionswherenewprojectsseemwarranted,wemustfindwaystomeetdemandswithfewerresources,respectingecologicalcriteriaandtoasmallerbudget.2.单选题Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.（1）thatlogic,2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still（2）intheirminds.AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisasterinU.S.history,on（3）TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade（4）worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour（5）toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.Granted,someamountofdelusionisprobablypartofthe（6）condition.InA.D.63,Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquake,andthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork（7）,inthesamespot—untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta（8）ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat（9）themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe（10）didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturns（11）thatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyis（12）thestorm,thequakeorthe（13）itself.Moreoften,itisourselves.Sowhathashappenedintheyearthat（14）thedisasterontheGulfCoast?InNewOrleans,theArmyCorpsofEngineerhasworkeddayandnighttorebuildthefloodwalls.Theyhavegotthewallsto（15）theywerebeforeKatrina,moreorless.That’snot（16）,wecannowsaywithconfidence.Butitmaybeall（17）canbeexpectedfromoneyearofhustle.Meanwhile,NewOrleansofficialshavecraftedaplantousebusesandtrainsto（18）thesickandthedisabled.Thecityestimatesthat150,000peoplewillneeda（19）out.However,stateofficialshavenotyetdeterminedwherethesepeoplewillbetaken.The（20）withneighboringcommunitiesareongoinganddifficult.问题1选项A.ToB.ByC.OnD.For问题2选项A.freshB.obviousC.apparentD.evident问题3选项A.visualB.vividC.liveD.lively问题4选项A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much问题5选项A.reluctanceB.rejectionC.denialD.decline问题6选项A.naturalB.worldC.socialD.human问题7选项A.revisingB.refiningC.rebuildingD.retrieving问题8选项A.reviewB.reminderC.conceptD.prospect问题9选项A.preparingB.protestingC.protectingD.prevailing问题10选项A.neverB.everC.thenD.there问题11选项A.upB.downC.overD.out问题12选项A.merelyB.rarelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally问题13选项A.surgeB.spurC.surfD.splash问题14选项A.ensuedB.tracedC.followedD.occurred问题15选项A.whichB.WhereC.whatD.when问题16选项A.enoughB.certainC.conclusiveD.final问题17选项A.butB.asC.thatD.those问题18选项A.exileB.evacuateC.dismissD.displace问题19选项A.rideB.trailC.pathD.track问题20选项A.conventionsB.notificationsC.communicationsD.negotiations3.单选题Duringtheadolescence,thedevelopmentofpoliticalideologybecomesapparentintheindividual;ideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Thesearcaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.Thechild’srapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.ByknowledgeImeanmorethanthedreary“facts”,suchasthecompositionofcountygovernment,thatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent’sabsorption,oftenunwitting,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefacts.Muchofthenaivetethatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceof“facts”butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpoliticalsocialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountmembersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.Likemagpies,children’smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdata.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet—republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheencompassingfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?3.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementaboutschools?5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sevaluationoftheaccumulationofpoliticalknowledgebyadolescents?6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationoftheauthor’sdiscussionoftheroleofpoliticalknowledgeintheformationofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?问题1选项A.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargumentsB.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescenceC.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideologyD.explainwhyanadolescent’spoliticalideologyusuallyappearsmoresophisticatedthanitactuallyis问题2选项A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete.B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination.C.Rejectionofabstractreasoninginfavorofinvolvementwithpragmaticsituations.D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety.问题3选项A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.B.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.D.AnarticledetailingthespecificreligiousgroupsthatfoundedAmericancoloniesandtheguidingprinciplesofeachone.问题4选项A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplanned,schematicarrangements.B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.C.Iftheyweretointroducepoliticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage.D.Becausetheyaresubsidiarytogovernment,theircontributiontothepoliticalunderstandingofadolescentmustbelimited.问题5选项A.Itisunquestionablynecessary,butitssignificancecaneasilybeoverestimated.B.Itisimportant,butnotasimportantasistheabilitytoappearknowledgeable.C.Itdelaysthenecessityofconsideringunderlyingprinciples.D.Itisprimarilyrelevanttoanunderstandingoflimited,localconcerns,suchascountrypolitics.问题6选项A.Heacknowledgesitsimportance,butthenmodifieshisinitialassertionofthatimportance.B.Heconsistentlyresiststheideathatitisimportant,usingaseriesofexamplestosupporthisstand.C.Hewaversinevaluatingitandfinallyusesanalogiestoexplainwhyheisindecisive.D.Hecarefullyrefrainsfrommakinganinitialjudgmentaboutit,butlaterconfirmsitscriticalrole.4.单选题SectionATheroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.SectionBNoactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.SectionCAlltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.SectionDGovernmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.SectionEInpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.SectionFAresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Einbox28ontheAnswerSheet.（

）问题1选项A.EnvironmentalmanagementB.Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupplyC.SoilerosionD.Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforwardE.Farmsubsidies5.单选题InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisingly,littleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents（答问卷者）listed“togivechildrenagoodstartacademically”asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（强调个性发展的），Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschool.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren’schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.1.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericanbelieve（）.2.MostAmericansurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto（）.3.InJapan’spreschooleducation,thefocusison（）.4.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto（）.5.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?问题1选项A.JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents.B.Japan’seconomicsuccessisaresultoritsscientificachievements.C.Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction.D.Japan’shighereducationissuperiortotheirs.问题2选项A.problemsolvingB.groupexperienceC.parentalguidanceD.individually–orienteddevelopment问题3选项A.preparingchildrenacademicallyB.developingchildren’sartisticinterestsC.lappingchildren’spotentialD.shapingchildren’scharacter问题4选项A.broadenchildren’shorizonB.cultivatechildren’screativityC.lightenchildren’sstudyloadD.enrichchildren’sknowledge问题5选项A.Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.B.Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.C.Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.D.Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.6.填空题Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.7.填空题Thosethatexperienceafailedmarriagefeellikefailuresontheirown.Theyfeelthattheyshouldhavebeenabletodosomethingdifferenttomakethemarriage（1）.Theymayhavebeenbetrayedbyanaffair,（2）stillfeelasifitistheirfault.Therapycanhelpsomeonework（3）feelingslikethatiftheypersist.Manyseeafailedmarriageasapersonalfailure,andthatcanbehardtoget（4）,evenasafewyearshavegonebyandtheyhavemovedontoanewrelationship.Thisis（5）thatneverreallygoesaway—butthatdoesnotmeanyoucannotlearnhowtodealwithitina（6）manner.Thosethatdidnotseethedivorcecomingaregoingtobehardesthitby（7）ishappening.Whiletheotherspousewaspullingaway,theymaynothavehadany（8）thattheirpartnerwashurtingorwishingtobeoutofthemarriage.Forthem,dealingwiththefailedmarriageisgoingtobeveryhard,andtheyaregoingtotryeverythingto（9）it.Attimes,thiscanbedone,butnot（10）.Prepareforthisifyouaretheonethatwantedthe（11）.Understandwheretheyarecomingfromandyoucanavoidalotof（12）andhardfeelingsinthefuture.Thatisveryimportantifyouhavechildrentogether.Goingthroughafailedmarriageisnevereasyonanyone,evenifitappearstoyouthatyourspouseis（13）ormovingonmuchsoonerthanyoueverthoughttheycould.Geth