高考英语一轮复习考案语法考点讲练第十一专题课件

知识盘点真题探究

1.考查关系代词和关系副词的用法,找出先行词,确定关系词在

定语从句中的作用,正确选出关系词。2.将定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句以及状语从句融合在一起

进行考查,既考查句式结构的辨析能力,又考查关系词与其他连词的

区分运用能力。3.介词+关系代词结构的准确选择和运用。4.定语从句中的特殊应用和规定,尤其是where引导的定语从句。考点1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who代指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom代指知识盘点真题探究人,在定语从句中作动词或介词的宾语;which代指物,作主语或宾语;

that代指人或物,作主语、宾语或表语。ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.这就是那位来自伦敦的

侦探。Thebook(that/which)IamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.我正

在看的这本书是托马斯·哈代所写。Thisistheroom(that/which)Shakespearewasbornin.这就是莎士比

亚出生的房间。注:先行词在定语从句中作表语时,不管先行词是指人还是指物,引导知识盘点真题探究词都要用关系代词that,但在非限制性定语从句中要改用which。Heschangedalot.Hesnotthemanthathewas.他变化很大,已经不

是过去的他了。Thisisnotaneasyquestionthatyouthinkittobe.这个问题不是像你

认为的那么容易。Hehasbecomeadoctor,whichhewantedtobe.他成为了一名医生,

这是他以前一直梦想的。考点2关系代词which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句,此

时which相当于andthis知识盘点真题探究Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

他赢得了本次比赛,这令他父母很高兴。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecould

expect.天气最后晴朗起来,这是我们没有料到的。Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentonto

CambridgeUniversity.他在当地的一所文法学校就读之后上了剑桥

大学。考点3介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词”可以引导定语从句,但关系代词只可用知识盘点真题探究whom或which,不可用who或that。介词的选择应遵循以下三个原则:1.看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Thegoalforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimpor-

tanttohim.(fightfor)2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfa-

miliar.(befamiliarwith)3.根据先行词判断,所用的介词要与先行词搭配Therateatwhichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.(ata知识盘点真题探究rate)4.根据语境选择Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopof

MountQomolangma,abovewhichappearedararerainbowsoon.(rain-

bow只能用appearaboveMountQomolangma)考点4关系代词whose引导定语从句whose引导定语从句时,在定语从句中作定语,即先行词的所有

格,修饰物时可换成“the+n.+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+n.”;

修饰人时可换成“the+n.+ofwhom”。知识盘点真题探究Helivesinahousewhosewindow(thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthe

window)facesthesouth.他住在一座窗户朝南的房子里。Thisisthescientistwhosename(thenameofwhom)isknownallover

thecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。考点5as引导的定语从句as有“正如;就像”之意,在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾

语或表语,从句可放在主句的前面、后面或插入主句中间,一般用逗

号与主句隔开;但which引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句

之后。知识盘点真题探究Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.正如

所预料的那样,英格兰队赢得了本次球赛的胜利。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadntexpected.

这次实验的结果很好,这是我们原来没有料到的。Asisoftenthecase(with...)“(对……来说)那是常有的事;通常就是

这样”,现已成为习语。Hequarreledwithhiswife,aswasoftenthecase.他和妻子吵架了,这

已屡见不鲜。考点6as引导的定语从句与it作形式主语的主语从句和what引导的知识盘点真题探究主语从句的区别Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevery

month.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceev-

erymonth.Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearth

onceeverymonth.我们大家都知道,月球每月绕地球运转一周。考点7such...as...与such...that...的区别知识盘点真题探究such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句,而such...that...中的that引导

的是状语从句。当as引导定语从句时,as一般在定语从句中作主语

或宾语,也就是说,as后面的句子是不完整的。而that引导结果状语从

句时,that在从句中不作任何成分,即从句是完整的句子。Thisissuchadifficultproblemasallofuscantworkout.(从句中的

workout缺少宾语,as是关系代词,用作workout的宾语)Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatallofuscantworkitout.(从句是

完整的,that只起引导从句的作用,在从句中不作成分)考点8关系副词的意义和作用知识盘点真题探究关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句,在从句中分别表示时

间、地点、原因,充当时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。关系副词

常可换成“介词+关系代词”:when可换成on/in/bywhich等,where

可换成at/in/forwhich等,why可换成forwhich。Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wefirstmet.Thevillagewhere(inwhich)hewasbornhasnowtakenanewlook.Tellmethereasonwhy(forwhich)youmissedtheflight.考点9关系副词和关系代词的区别判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什知识盘点真题探究么成分。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,引导词要用关系副词;当

先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,引导词要用关系代词;

当先行词在定语从句中作定语时,引导词要用关系代词whose。第一组:IwillneverforgetthefactorywhereIworkedlastsummervacation.

(where:地点状语)IwillneverforgetthefactorywhichIvisitedlastsummervacation.

(which:宾语)第二组:知识盘点真题探究IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedinthecountryside.(when:时间

状语)IwillneverforgetthedayswhichIspentinthecountryside.(which:宾

语)第三组:Isthisthereasonwhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting?(why:原因状

语)Isthisthereasonwhichheexplainedatthemeetingforhisbeingabsent

fromthemeeting?(which:宾语)知识盘点真题探究考点10表示抽象范围的名词后边的定语从句一些表示,如situation,point,case,stage,scene等后也可接where

引导的定语从句;抽象名词occasion后接when引导的定语从句。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachoth-

er.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Iunderstandthesituationwhereapersonlacksmoney.我明白一个人

缺钱时的境况。Icanrememberveryfewoccasionswhenhehadtocancelbecauseof

illhealth.我记得他因为健康不佳而被迫取消的情况绝无仅有。知识盘点真题探究考点11fromwhere,sincewhen引导的定语从句有时仅用where,when不能把意思表达清楚,还需要在他们的前

面加上适当的介词。Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor,fromwherehecouldhearthestepsof

hismotherclearly.汤姆躲在门后,从那里他能够清楚地听到妈妈的

脚步声。Heleftcollegein1988,sincewhenhehasbeenworkinginabank.他1

988年大学毕业,从此以后一直在一家银行工作。考点12way后面的定语从句知识盘点真题探究way后面的定语从句不能用how引导,如way在从句中作状语,应

用inwhich或that引导,甚至还可省略引导词;如作主语或宾语,应用

that或which引导。Idontliketheway(inwhich/that)hetalks.Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemmightbehelp-

ful.考点13先行词与定语从句的隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时为了平衡句子结构,也

会出现先行词与定语从句的隔离现象。知识盘点真题探究ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareof

inthatfarawayvillage.考点14定语从句中的主谓一致问题如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与先行词保持

一致。在“oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先

行词,引导词在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词要用复数;而在

“the(only)oneofthe+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,先行词是the

(only)one,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoBeijing.他是去过北京的学知识盘点真题探究生之一。HeistheonlyoneofthestudentwhohasbeentoBeijing.他是唯一一

个去过北京的学生。考点15定语从句与并列句的识别定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔,并且不能加入and,but,

so等连词。并列句一般有and,but,so等连词连接,或中间用“分号

”分隔。第一组:Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,which,however,didnthelp.(定语知识盘点真题探究从句)Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,butitdidnthelp.(并列句)第二组:Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostofwhichhadnt

beencleanedforatleastayear.(定语从句)Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,andmostofthemhadn

tbeencleanedforatleastayear.(并列句)Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows;mostofthemhadnt

beencleanedforatleastayear.(并列句)知识盘点真题探究

1.(2011全国新课标)Theprizewillgotothewriter

story

showsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what【答案与解析】C本题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。句意:

此项奖将颁发给其作品最具有想象力的作家。先行词为thewriter,

代入定语从句后为:Thewritersstoryshowsthemostimagination。

由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作story的定语,故用关系代词whose

。知识盘点真题探究2.(2011全国Ⅱ)Tedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshorts

andaT-shirt,

isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which【答案与解析】D本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意:Ted来度周

末时只穿着短裤和一件T恤衫,这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。从

句子结构分析看,句子之间是逗号,且没有并列连词或从属连词,由此

可知“

isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather”为非限制性

定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,并指代

前面句子的内容。A、C两项不能引导定语从句。B项不能引导非

限制性定语从句。知识盘点真题探究3.(2011天津)Thedaysaregone

physicalstrengthwasall

youneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which【答案与解析】A本题考查对关系代词和关系副词的区别。句

意:体力是谋生的唯一所需的时代一去不复返了。先行词为thedays,

将其代入定语从句后为:On