学术英语(第二版)医学教学课件Unit-9

Unit9MedicalEducation

ContentsReadingViewingSpeakingWritingGetreadyforUnit10ReadingLead-inMainideaLanguagefocus

TasksTextABrainstormingroupsof4-5thequalitiesorpersonalattributesthatagoodphysicianusuallypossesses,andwritethemdownintheblanksgivenbelow.Lead-in____________________________________________________________Key:Lead-inAgoodphysicianisusuallymotivated,mature,compassionate,organized,adaptable,stress-resilient;withhighlevelofintegrityandstrongleadership;agoodlistenerandcommunicator;…Lead-inAdditionalactivity1DiscussthefollowingtopicsrelatedtoTextA.thepersonalattributesnecessaryforamedicalprofessionalthewaymedicalschoolsarerankedthetermsreferringtoamedicalprofessionalinhisvariousstagesoftrainingandmedicalpracticethenecessarystepstobecomeamedicalprofessionalinUSALead-inWatchavideoclipandlearnaboutwhatmakesagooddoctor.Additionalactivity2knowledgeexpertiseskillcompassiondevotionpatienceperseverancecaringaltruismsamaritanismsacrificelovehumanismmoralityGiveexamplestoillustratechangesthathaveoccurredinthemedicalschoolcurriculum.Para.1MainideaPresentation1Theadditionofprogramssuchas“MedicalHumanities”,“Physician-PatientCommunication”and“SocialandCulturalIssuesinHealthCare”tocurrentcurriculumPara.1Languagefocus…tobetterpreparetheirstudentsfor/tomeetthechallengestheywillfacethroughouttheirprofessionalcareers.Thechangesthathavebeenadoptedaretrulyimpressive,yetthereisstillmoretobeaccomplished.onseveraloccasionsthemedicaleducationcommunity

医学教育界Para.1Languagefocusmedicalschool_________（医学院课程）medicaleducation_________（医学教育界）curriculumcommunityWhatistheprimarypurposeofmedicaleducation?Para.2MainideaPresentation2Theprimarypurposeofmedicaleducationisnottoteachknowledgeandskillsbuttocultivatequalitieslikebeingcaring,inquisitiveandcivic-minded.Whatitmeanstobe

aphysiciananurseapharmacologistascientistanEnglishteacherPara.2MainideaPara.2Languagefocusforstudentstolearn,indepth,…深刻了解深刻理解/领悟/反省tounderstand/perceive/reflect,indepth,…tohaveadeeperunderstanding/perception/reflectionPara.2LanguagefocustheactualpracticeofmedicineEvenso,…Myintent,instead,istoseekagreementwithinthemedicaleducationcommunityontheattributes.seekagreementwhileshelvingdifferences求同存异

meetthepublic’s_________（达到公众的期待）expectationPara.2LanguagefocusWhyisitwrongtoequatebecomingaphysicianwithpossessingabodyofknowledgeandasetofskills?Para.3MainideaPresentation3Althoughcertainknowledgeandskillsareessential,theknowledgeandskillsrequiredvarydependingupontheparticularcareerpathaphysicianhaschosen.Besides,itisalsoclearthatdealingwithpatientsrequiresmuchmorethanabodyofknowledgeandasetofskills.Para.3LanguagefocusHowmanydefine

youfindinthisparagraph?abodyofknowledgeandasetofskills…defineswhatitmeanstobeaphysician.…itisnotpossibletodefinewhatitmeanstobeaphysicianbyidentifyingabodyofknowledgeandasetofskillsthatallphysiciansmustpossess.…itisthoseattributesthatdefinetheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysician.Para.3Languagefocusabodyofknowledgeandasetofskills渊博的知识，出众的技艺theparticularcareerpathaphysicianhaschosenImaintainallphysiciansshouldpossessiftheyaretomeetthepublic’sexpectations.personal________（个人品质）attributesPara.3LanguagefocusWhatdidFrancisPeabodymeanbysaying“Thesecretofthecareofthepatientisincaringforthepatient”?Para.4MainideaPresentation4Hemeantthatonlywhenphysiciansreallycarefortheirpatientscantheyprovidethepatientswiththebestcare.TheCareofthePatientThey(themedicalstudents)aretoo“scientific”anddonotknowhowtotakecareofpatients.Dr.FrancisPeabodyPara.4MainideaPara.4Languagefocus…describeineloquenttermsthevaluethatpatientsplaceonbeingtrulycaredforbyaphysician.membersofthemedicalprofession…havetoooftenequatedcaringwithtreatment,andhavetendedattimestolimittheir…equateAwithBDon’tequatebeingfreeofillnesswithhealth.Thegoalsofmedicine:HastingsCenter’sprojectthepreventionofdiseaseandinjuryandthepromotionandmaintenanceofhealth;thereliefofpainandsufferingcausedbymaladies;thecareandcureofthosewithamaladyandthecareofthosewhocannotbecured;theavoidanceofprematuredeathandthepursuitofapeacefuldeathPara.5MainideaThecareandcureofthosewithamaladyandthecareofthosewhocannotbecuredaresponsibilitytocontinuetocarefortheirpatientswhentheycannolongerprescribeaparticularformoftreatmentorofferthelikelihoodofacureifnot,notbeingcaring—theirpatientswillsensethattheyhavebeenabandonedbytheirdoctoratacriticaltime.Para.5MainideaParas.4-5Languagefocusplace_____on（看重）valueWhymustaphysicianbeinquisitive?Para.6MainideaPresentation5Thevastvolumeofmedicalknowledgeanditsconstantdevelopmentrequireaphysiciantokeeplearningallthetime.ThelongtraditionofcelebratingknowledgeAllthatthemembersoftheprofessionknowaboutmechanismsofdiseaseandthediagnosisandmanagementofvariousclinicalmaladiesWhatyouknowmakesadifference.Para.6MainideaPara.6Languagefocusvariousclinicalmaladiesadmissiontothestudyofmedicineadvancementthroughoutthevariousstagesofone’scareerThevalueofphysicians’beinginquisitiveGreatcontributiontothequalityofcareEnsurecontinuousacquisitionoftheknowledgeandskillstheywillneedtomeettheirprofessionalresponsibilitiesasthenatureofmedicinechangesduringtheircareersPara.7MainideaJeromeGroopman’sbook:HowDoctorsThinkMostofthediagnosticerrorsmadebyphysiciansresultfromcognitivemistakes.Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?Para.8MainideaJeromeGroopman’sbook:HowDoctorsThink???Para.8MainideaJeromeGroopman’sbook:HowDoctorsThinkuncertaintyinherentinthepracticeofmedicineatendencytolockinonaparticulardiagnosisoraparticularapproachtotreatmentriskofoverlookingcluessuggestingincorrectworkingdiagnosisPara.8MainideaJeromeGroopman’sbook:HowDoctorsThinkTruephysicianalwayspausesbeforemakingadiagnosisandembarkingonacourseoftherapy.WhatIdon’tunderstand?Or,importantly,WhatIshouldknowbeforeproceeding?Para.8MainideaPara.8Languagefocustolockinon…锁定runtheriskof…embarkonacourseoftherapyclinical______（临床疾患）________error（诊断错误）classic__________（典型表现）maladyParas.6-8LanguagefocusdiagnosticmanifestationWhatisthecivicresponsibilityofaphysician?Para.9MainideaPresentation6Aphysicianholdsresponsibilitytothesocietyasawholeandshouldalsobecommittedtothebettermentofthecommunitywhereheorshelives.Para.9Languagefocus…aconfusingconcept…,because…thecivicresponsibilityoftheindividualphysiciantendstobeobscure.Overtheyears,thisresponsibilityhascometobeviewedasanelementofprofessionalismthatissomehowembedded,atleastimplicitly,withinthecontextofthesocialcontractthatdefinesthemedicalprofession’sresponsibilitytothesocietyasawhole—aresponsibilitymanifestedlargelybyhowprofessionalorganizationsrelatetothepublic.Para.9Languagefocusmeetingmedicine’sresponsibilitytosocietyservingtheinterestsofthepublicthecivicmindednessofphysiciansshouldgobeyondthattoincludebringingtheirspecialtalentstobearinvolunteerefforts发挥他们的特殊才干，做些志愿者应该做的工

作……

aphysiciannotcaring,inquisitive,andcivicmindedmaybeahighlyskilledtechnicianinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicine,suchanindividualwillnottrulyreflecttheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysicianmedicalschoolscontinuetomodifytheireducationalprogramstoreflectacommitmenttoensuringthattheirgraduatesbecaring,inquisitive,andcivic-mindedphysiciansTosumupPara.10MainideaTosumup

Qualitiesofatruephysician:muchoftheknowledgemanyoftheskillsbeingcaringinquisitivenesscivic-mindednessPara.10Mainidea______________ofphysicians（医生的民本意识）civic-mindednessParas.9-10LanguagefocusTasksCriticalreadingandthinkingOverview1-1I.BackgroundofthefundamentalquestionImpressivechanges:Thedesignandconductofthemedicalschoolcurriculumhavechangedalotinthepastfewdecades.Remainingmisconceptions:Thepurposeofmedicaleducationismerelytoteachstudentsmedicalknowledgeandskills.Tobeaphysiciansimplymeanstopossessabodyofknowledgeandasetofskillsthatcanbeappliedinthepracticeofmedicine.TasksCriticalreadingandthinkingOverview1-2II.MyanswertothequestionAllphysiciansshouldpossessthreepersonalattributes.Beingcaring:FrancisPeabodystatedthat“Thesecretofthecareofthepatientisincaringforthepatient.”Inmoderntimes,membersofthemedicalprofessionoftenequatecaringwithtreatment.TheHastingsCenterinitiatedaprojecttodefinethegoalsofmedicine.OneofthefourmajorgoalsthatevolvedfromtheprojectwascalledTheCareandCureofThosewithaMalady,andTheCareofThoseWhoCannotBeCured.TasksCriticalreadingandthinkingOverview1-3Beinginquisitive:Medicallearningandpracticeareoftenbasedsolelyonwhatoneknows.Butthefactisthatthereisagreatdealaboutmedicinethatis notknown,andthereisagreatdealthatindividualphysiciansdonotknowaboutwhatisknown.Beinginquisitiveisnotonlyessentialforphysicianstomeettheirprofessionalresponsibilitiesbutalsoimprovethequalityofthecareprovidedtoindividualpatients.Beingcivic-minded:Itiscriticallyimportantthatindividualphysiciansbecomemorepersonallyinvolvedinmeetingmedicine’sresponsibilitytosociety.TasksCriticalreadingandthinkingOverview1-4III.ConclusionAlthoughaphysicianwhoisnotcaring,inquisitive,andcivic-mindedmaybeahighlyskilledtechnicianinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicine,suchanindividualwillnottrulyreflecttheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysician.Medicalschoolsshouldinstilltheseessentialattributesintostudentstomakethemtruephysicians.TasksLanguagebuilding-upBuildingblockMeaningExampledia-thoroughly;entirely(完全地)diagnosis-gno-know;discern(知；辨)diagnosismal-bad(坏)malady-mentaction;process(动作；过程)treatment-scribewrite(写)prescribeMedicalterminology1maladyspecialtyprescribediagnosisresidencytechniciantreatmentmanifestationprofessionalismprognosis疾病（医学）专业，专科开处方诊断专科住院医生实习期技师治疗表现；现象专业精神；职业素养；专业水平预后TasksLanguagebuilding-upMedicalterminology2TasksLanguagebuilding-upSignpostLanguage:ReformulationReformulatetheideasorthings:Strictlyspeaking,…initsmostextremeformInotherwords,…Toputitsimply/simplyput,…Thatistosay,…Thatis,…Sotospeak,…orTasksLanguagebuilding-upSignpostLanguage:ReformulationKey:thatisthatisorTasksLanguagebuilding-upFormalEnglishKey:clearlyregardedcaringastreatment/thoughtcaringandtreatmentwerethesamewhetheronecangotoamedicalschoolandwhetheronecandevelopbecausethepracticeofmedicinealwayshasuncertaintyhardtotellTextBReadingLead-inMainideaLanguagefocus

TasksSharewithyourpartner(s)yourfeelingwhenyouareasked:Wheredidyougotomedicalschool?Lead-in???Thestorywhichhappenedduringtheauthor’sinternshipandherinterpretationofitAmiddle-agedwomanpatientbegantheconversationwiththequestion_______________________________Itmightbeapolitechatter,anditcouldalsobethebeginningoftrustand________________________________________Paras.1-4Mainideaabuddingand“wheredidyougotomedicalschool?”promisingpatient-doctorrelationshipParas.1-4Languagefocusinternshipgraduatefrommedicalschoolpolitechatter,afillerduringanawkwardquietmomentabuddingandpromisingpatient-doctorrelationshipbedsidemannerclinicaljudgmentParas.1-4Languagefocuspolite______（礼貌的闲谈）bedside_______（临床举止）chattermannerThewaysfortheauthortofindoutthemedicalschoolsherdoctorsattendedParas.5-7MainideaSearchingon_________Scanning________________Inconspicuouslycraninghernecktodiscern_____________________________hospitaldirectoriestheInternetLatinizedschoolnamesondiplomasParas.3-5Languagefocusplacemystethoscopebellagainstmypatient’schestIhadbeenculpableofsubmittingdoctorstothesamelineofquestioningLatinizedschoolnamesondiplomasWhatwillbeonyourdiplomas?Paras.6-8Mainideagoodschool,gooddoctor;badschool,baddoctorWhichmedicalschool?Wheredoesitstandwithinthemedicalschoolhierarchy?Howgoodisthedoctor?Youcommentsonsuchathoughtprocess?StereotypingParas.6-8Languagefocusthemedicalschoolhierarchysomeexistentialfastforwardbuttonraisethetrusttoawholenewlevelwithoutasecondthoughtbyvirtueofhavinggraduatedfroma“good”school,thatdoctorhadtheabilitytoaddressthemostpressingneedsofallofhisorherpatientsParas.5-8Languagefocusscanhospital_______（搜索医院名录）directoryThecontributingfactorsintheAmericancultureinrankingmedicalschoolsMagazinelists______________________________Professionalhearsay

Para.9MainideaFriends’andstrangers’confirmationsThereasonsbehindthecurrentcriteriaofrankingmedicalschoolsCurrentpopularrankingsreflect__________________________________________________.Criterialikeresearchfundingandcutting-edgeinvestigationsaccuratelyreflect______________ofthepreviouscenturywhenmedicine,backedbyscientificinvestigation,wasjuststartingtomakeadifferencein_____________________________.thesocialneedsaschool’shighlythehealthcareoutcomesofpatientsspecializedresearchfundingandcapabilitiesPara.9MainideaPara.9LanguagefocusanintegralpartofAmericanculturecuttingedgeinvestigationsbackedbyscientificinvestigationtomakeadifferenceinPara.9Languagefocusa(n)_______part（不可分割的一部分）integralTheurgenthealthcareissuesnowadaysThecurrenturgenthealthcareissuesaremore_____than_______.Thecriticalsocialaspectsofhealthcareissuesincludetheshortageofprimarycarephysicians,_______________________________________________________________,andtheyawningdisparitybetweenracialandeconomicbackgroundsofthosewhobecomedoctorsandthosewhoaretheirpatients.Para.10MainideasocialscientificthelackofaccessiblehealthcareandprovidersincertainareasofthecountryPara.10MainideaPutitinthecontextofChina,howdoyoucommentonit?Background:successfulagingofthepopulationasawholelessurgent:toelucidatethemolecularbasisofhighbloodpressurecriticalpoints:moresocial,healthcareissuestheshortageofprimarycarephysiciansthelackofaccessiblehealthcareandprovidersincertainareasofthecountry;andtheyawningdisparitybetweenracialandeconomicbackgroundsofthosewhobecomedoctorsandthosewhoaretheirpatientsPara.10LanguagefocusThankstomanyofthoseadvances,…thepopulationasawholethemolecularbasisofhighbloodpressuretheshortageof…;thelackof…theyawningdisparityracialandeconomicbackgroundsPara.10Languagefocusprimarycare________（初级保健缺乏）shortageFallaciesinthethoughtprocessof“goodschool,gooddoctor”Researchisnotthesameas______________.Thepressuretobringgrantmoneyintoaninstitutioncandraweventhemostenthusiasticeducatorawayfrom_______,andbackto_________________.Paras.11-15MainideamedicaleducationstudentsthelaboratorybenchPara.12Subjectknowledgeallopathicvs.naturopathic对抗疗法vs.自然疗法osteopathicunderthebannerof“socialmission”primarycareshortageunderserved

communities

服务匮乏/服务水平不足的社区workforcediversityPara.13MainideaTheabsoluteirreduciblemissionofmedicalschoolsistheeducationandgraduationofdoctorstocareforthecountryasawhole.Offeryourcomments!Para.13MainideaTheopportunitytolearnfromandbementoredbyfacultymembersinvolvedwiththelatestresearchcanbestimulatingformedicalstudents.

Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?Thepressuretobringgrantmoneyintoaninstitutioncandraweventhemostenthusiasticeducatorawayfromstudentsandbacktothelaboratorybench.

DowehavesuchproblemsinChina?Paras.13-14LanguagefocusU.S.medicaleducationhasdriftedovertothishighlyrarifiedandspecializedfocus.Thefundingsystemhasencouragedthisdrifttoward

specializationandhi-techresearch.Paras.13-14LanguagefocusResearchisimportant,butitcanoverwhelm.研究固然重要，但有时会让人无法承受。Whatisyourunderstandingofthestatement?Paras.11-16Languagefocus__________community（服务匮乏的社区）underservedThe“millennialmedicalschools”A.T.StillUniversityofHealthSciencesSchoolofOsteopathicMedicineinMesa,Ariz.______________________________________________________inMiami.HofstraNorthShore-LIJSchoolofMedicineTheyembracemissionsthatunabashedlyattemptto____________________________________________.Para.17MainideaHerbertWertheimCollegeofMedicineatFloridaInternationalUniversityaddresssomeoftheillsofthecurrenthealthcaresystemPara.18MainideaArgumentsforandagainsttheredirectionofthefocusAgainst:decreasetheselectivityofstudentsandproducelesscompetitiveandlesscompetentfuturephysiciansFor:traditionalselectioncriteriabasedoncognitiveexamsandpremedicalcoursegradesdonotnecessarilytranslateintoclinicalability.Para.19MainideaDr.Mullan’sInsightsintotheCriteriaforaGoodPhysician

NotgoodperformancefromkindergartentoresidencytrainingThemorerelevantmeasureofhighlevelcompetency:themultiplecertificationevaluationsthattakeplaceduringmedicalschool,trainingandlicensureProductionofmoredoctorsinthesystemthatweDON’Thavenowbutthatcanaddressongoingneedsofthepatients.Paras.17-21Languagefocus__________evaluation（鉴定评估）_______theneeds（应对需要）certificationaddressTasksCriticalreadingandthinkingComprehensionKey:1.C2.B3.A4.C5.ATasksResearchingSearchvarioussourcesandfindouttheplaceofthemedicalschoolyouareattendinginsomenationalorinternationalranking.Thenanswerthefollowingquestions.Istheplaceofyourmedicalschoolintherankingwhatyouhaveexpected?Whatarethecriteriafortheranking?Whatfallaciescanyouidentifyinthewayofranking?ViewingViewingTopic:WritingoutnotesinfullTasksWritingoutnotesinfullViewingReviewnotesimmediatelyafterthelecture,andseekthehelpofthelecturerorfellowstudentstoclarifyanypointsunclear.Besuretoleaveenoughspaceforfuturenotes,commentsorreferences.Tidyupthewritingandfillinanymissingparts.Writeasummaryinyourownwords.Organizeandfileyournotesinasystematicway.Attachhandoutstothenotes.ViewingTasksWatchavideoclip,takenotesbasedonthegivenoutlineintask1,andresorttothenotesyouhaveputdownandmakeanoralreportabouthowtobeasuccessfuldoctortotheclassintask2.ViewingKeytotask1-1IntroductionTheaudiencemaybedoubtingtheirchoiceofcareertostudymedicinewithalotofworries.Thespeakerisgoingtosharehisexperienceofhowtobeasuccessfuldoctor.ViewingKeytotask1-22.BodyNo.1Donotacceptaverageasyouraspiration.Youhavetoacceptexcellencebecausenothinglesswilldoasadoctor.No.2Everythingisalwayschanging.Scienceiswhatdrivesus,whatkeepsusgoing,whichleadstothediscovery.Themarriageofresearchandmedicine,clinicalscience,isamarriagemadeinheaven,butthereisanewsciencejustcalledthethirdscience,whichisimprovementscience.ViewingKeytotask1-22.BodyNo.3Workoutthestrategyforlifelonglearning.Youneedareallystrongandsoundsystemofkeepinguptodate.Medicineisaboutlifelonglearning.No.4Theideathatsomebodythatonereallylookeduptomademistakeswasamazing.Thespeakerevenhasabook,MeaCulpa,aboutwhathehaslearned.ViewingKeytotask1-22.BodyNo.5Youhavetounderstandyourself,howyoufeelaboutthings,andyourmakeup.Threethingstoguardagainst:workload,notabletoinfluenceyourworkingenvironment,anddifficultpatient.Theycauseasingleburnout,whichisaveryhighriskforthecaringprofessions.Youcangetsupportforallthesethreethingsthroughmentoring,throughtalkingtoyourorganization,andtalkingtopeers.Ifyouprepareforit,youcanplanforit,andyoucanavoidit.ViewingKeytotask1-22.BodyTwothingstoguardagainst:No.oneenemyiscynicism.Peoplewhoadapttoachangingworldwillflourish.Butifyoumakenegativechoices,ifyouresistchangeandimprovement,life’sgonnabeverydifficultforyou.Andthesearebehaviorsthatyouseeoften,andtheyareinappropriate.Ofcourseyoushouldbeskeptical.Ofcourseyoushouldaskquestions.Ofcourseyoushouldmakeinquiries.Butpeoplewithpositiveandprogressiveagendawillbesuccessful.

ViewingKeytotask1-22.BodyTwothingstoguardagainst:Avoidthetrapofentitlementandvictim