高考英语一轮总复习选修八Unit1Alandofdiversity学案（含解析）新人教版

Unit1Alandofdiversity必备知识·盘点夯基,BIBEIZHISHIPANDIANHANGJIⅠ．单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1．__means__n．手段；方法2．__hardship__n．苦难；困苦3．__occur__vi．发生；出现4．__reform__vt．&vi．改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良5．__hire__vt．&n．租用；雇用6．__nowhere__adv．无处；到处都无7．__luggage__n．行李8．__grasp__vt．&n．抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会9．__conductor__n．(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长；(乐队)指挥10．__slip__vi．滑动；滑行；滑跤n．滑动；滑倒11．__boom__n．(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi．处于经济迅速发展时期12．__despite__prep．尽管；不管13．__customs__n．海关；关税；进口税1．Inthemeantime,mobileonlineshoppingmarketwas__booming__(繁荣)inChina,withanannualgrowthrateof63．5%．2．Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,but__nowhere__(无处)elseintheworldcanyoufindmoreattractivescenerythaninSwitzerland．3．__Despite__(尽管)hisfrequentabsence,Brucemanagedtokeepupwithhisstudies．4．__Grasp__(抓住)themainideaofthetext,andyouwillbeabletoanswerthequestion．5．(2020·新高考卷)Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip(滑跤)．6．Iwasreallyupsettofindthatsuchathingshould__haveoccurred__(occur)inyourshop．7．Theunfairwagesystemmustbe__reformed__(reform)assoonaspossibleinthecompany．拓展单词1．__majority__n．大多数；大半→__major__adj．主要的；重要的vi．主修，专攻2．__elect__vt．选择；决定做某事；选举某人→__election__n．选举3．__applicant__n．申请人→__apply__vi．申请；应用→__application__n．申请书；申请4．__apparent__adj．显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→__apparently__adv．显然地；显而易见地5．__indicate__vt．指出；标示；表明；暗示→__indication__n．标示；迹象→__indicator__n．指示器；指示信号6．__fascinating__adj．迷人的；吸引人的→__fascinate__v．吸引；使着迷7．__racial__adj．人种的；种族的→__race__n．种族；比赛8．__punishment__n．处罚；惩罚→__punish__v．处罚；惩罚1．Oneofthe__major__problemsisthata__majority__ofthegraduateswho__major__inEnglishfinditdifficulttofindagoodjob．(majority)2．DonaldTrumpwonthe__election__andwas__elected__presidentoftheUnitedStates．(elect)3．Allthe__applicants__can__apply__inpersonorbyletterandatthesametimeshouldhandintheir__applications__beforeMay6th．(apply)4．__Apparently__，shetooknonoticeofthe__apparent__mistakesintheaccident．(apparent)5．Inthe__races__atOlympics,weshouldreflect__racial__equality．(race)6．Hewasluckytohaveescaped__punishment/beingpunished__，buthisfellowwas__punished__bytheirteacher．(punish)联想积累：1．与“雇用；辞退”有关的词汇①hiren&vt．雇用②employvt．雇用③takeon雇用④firevt．解雇；开除⑤dismissvt．解雇；开除⑥dischargevt．辞退⑦layoff解雇⑧turnaway解雇2．单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom(风俗)→customs(海关)②manner(方式)→manners(礼貌)③paper(纸)→papers(文件)④art(艺术)→arts(文科)⑤arm(手臂)→arms(武器)⑥short(短的)→shorts(短裤)⑦work(工作)→works(作品)3．后缀“-or”表示“人”的高频名词①conductor售票员；列车员②translator翻译家；译者③director导演；主管④educator教育工作者⑤editor编辑⑥inventor发明家；发明者⑦operator操作员；接线员Ⅱ．短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1．__liveon__继续存在；继续生存2．__bymeansof．．．__用……办法；借助……3．__makealife__习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4．__keepup__坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)5．__backtoback__背靠背6．__teamupwith__与……合作或一起工作7．__markout__用线画出范围；标出……界线8．__takein__包括；吸收9．__agreat/goodmany__许多；很多10．__applyfor__申请；请示得到语境运用1．Afterseeing__agreat/goodmany__homelesspeopleinthestreets,IthoughtIshoulddosomethingforthem．2．Inmanycountries,youngpeoplestill__keepup__thetraditionthatwomenwillgetmarriedinalongwhitedress．3．Mr．Brownsentanemailtothemanager,__applyingfor__ajobinthecompany．4．Johnpreferredtogointobusinessaloneratherthan__teamupwith__anyoneelse．5．Itishonorableto__makealife__withyourhandswhiledependingonothersisashame．Ⅲ．句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1．However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago．然而，可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。itislikelythat．．．“有可能……”。1．(浙江高考书面表达)爬完山后我们有可能会在山脚下的湖边进行一次野餐。__It'slikelythat__wewillhaveapicnicbythelakeatthefootofthemountainafterclimbingthemountain．2．Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage．那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。Thatiswhy．．．“那就是……的原因”。2．(浙江高考书面表达)那就是为什么我推荐另一个类型的书——文学书籍的原因。__That'swhy__Irecommendanothercategoryofbooks:Literarybooks．3．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups．人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将非常之大，以至于明显主要的种族或文化群体将不复存在。Itisbelievedthat．．．“人们认为/相信……”，其构成为：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。3．(江苏高考书面表达)人们认为，在未来的一年，中国经济有望中速发展。__It'sbelievedthat__China'seconomyistogrowatamediumspeedinthecomingyears．INC"核心素养·精讲层练HEXINSUYANGJINGJIANGCENGLIAN1．meansn．手段；方法(单复数同形)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展(1)bythismeans用这种方法bymeansof．．．用……办法；借助……bynomeans＝innoway＝innocase＝onnoaccount＝atnotime决不；一定也不(放在句首时，句子用倒装语序)byallmeans(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题(2)ameansofcommunication一种通讯/交流工具eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津means用作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。若all/some/several/manymeans作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。若every/each/one/ameans作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空/补全句子。①Bynomeans__is__(be)thisagoodwaytosolvetheproblem．②Everypossiblemeans__hasbeentried__(try),butnonehasworked．→Allpossiblemeans__havebeentried__(try),butnonehasworked．③Besides,thechoiceofthetraditionalChinesedress__means__(mean)extramoney,andextratime,forwehavetochangeitbackaftertheevent．④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Studentssometimessupportthemselves__bymeansofdoingpart-timejobs__(通过做兼职工作)．⑤(2020·江苏卷)—DoyouknowanythingaboutZhangZhongjing?—Byallmeans(当然可以，没问题)．HehasbeenhonoredasamasterdoctorsincetheEasternHanDynasty．提能—单句写作。⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Andyou'dbetterpracticeusingchopsticksinadvance，__whichisalsoameansofshowingyourgoodtablemanners__．你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。2．majorityn．大多数；大半eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词汇拓展majoradj．主要的vi．专修；主攻minorityn．少数；少数派/人eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳(1)a/themajorityof．．．＝mostof．．．大多数beina/themajority构成大多数/大部分(2)majorin．．．主修……(3)themajority和theminority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式；但其后表语是复数时，谓语动词通常也要用复数。(4)“the/amajorityof＋名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①Onlyasmallnumberofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletakingsubwaytoworkare__in__themajority．②Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembers__are__(be)againstit．③(北京卷书面表达)Infact,heinspiresmetomajor__in__Englishincollege,tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld．夯基—单句改错。④Ihopetogainabitmoreknowledgeofgardeningsothatitcanhelpmetomajorthegardeningafterattendingcollege．__major后加in__提能—句式升级。⑤Whenitcomestoeducation,mostpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy．→Whenitcomestoeducation，__themajorityof__peoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy．3．occurvi．(occurred，occurred)发生；出现；存在eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词汇拓展occurrencen．出现；发生；事件eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳sth．occurstosb．某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb．that．．．某人突然想起……Itoccurstosb．todosth．某人突然想起做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident__occurred__(occur)．②Agoodideaoccurred__to__mewhenIwokeupthismorning．提能—一句多译。我突然想起我应该彻底打扫房间。③__ItoccurredtomethatI__shouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning．④__IthitmethatI__shouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning．⑤__ItstruckmethatI__shouldgivetheroomsathoroughcleaning．4．indicatevt．指出；指示；表明eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词汇拓展indicationn．指出；表明indicatorn．指示器；(化)指示剂eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳(1)indicatesth．tosb．向某人指示……indicatethat．．．指示……；表明……as．．．indicate正如……所示(2)Thereisnoindicationthat．．．无迹象表明……Therearesomeindicationsthat．．．有迹象表明……eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthem__toindicate__(indicate)theirchoicesandreturntoschool．②Thereisagreatdealofevidence__indicating__(indicate)thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain．③Thewayapersonisdressedinisagood__indication__(indicate)ofhis/hercharacterorpersonality．提能—单句写作。图画显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。④__Asisindicatedinthepicture__，aboyissittingatthetable,absorbedinreading．5．makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展(1)cometolife苏醒；变得活跃comebacktolife苏醒过来，恢复生气bring．．．backtolife使……苏醒过来；给……活力live/leada．．．life过着……生活(2)make/earna/one'sliving谋生eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①Shehadtolookforpart-timebabysittingjobstheseyears__tomake__(make)aliving．②Aftertheearthquake,thevillagerstriedtheirbesttobringthevillageback__to__life．③WhenAlicecame__to__life,shedidnotknowhowlongshehadbeenlyingthere．提能—一句多译。在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你要努力适应新的生活方式。④Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallengingandyouwilltry__toadapttoyournewlife__．(adapt)⑤Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbechallengingandyouwilltry__tomakeanewlifeforyourself__．(life)6．takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；开始成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takeover接收；接管；取代takeup占去；占据；开始从事takedown拿下；写下；记下eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—写出下列句中takein的含义。①Thefarmertookinthelosttravelersforthenight．__收留__②Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbyillpeople．__欺骗__③Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords．__理解__④TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland．__包括__⑤Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks,wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge．__吸收__提能—单句写作。(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我建议你提前学习唐诗的历史，这将有助于你更好地理解将要学到的诗歌的含义。⑥IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichwillhelpyoubetter__takein__thepoemstobelearned．7．However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago．然而，很可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。Itislikelythat．．．“很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句中likely为形容词，意为“可能的”。其近义词有possible,probable。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展否定形式副词形式常用句型likelyunlikelylikelyItislikely＋that从句sb．/sth．islikelytodosth．possibleimpossiblepossiblyItispossible＋that从句Itispossibleforsb．todosth．probableimprobableprobablyItisprobable＋that从句eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练完成句子。①(四川高考)Infact,womenare__lesslikelytohave__highbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks．事实上，妇女不大可能得高血压和死于心脏病。②Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;he__is__very__likelytobe__aBeethoven．布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋，他有望成为另一个贝多芬。③__Youareverylikelyto__comeacrosslargewildanimalsintheforest,sobecareful!＝__Itislikelythat__youwillcomeacrosslargewildanimals,sobecareful!在森林里，你很可能会遇到大型的野生动物，因此要当心！④__Itisprobablethat__thecostwillbegreaterthanwethink．花费很可能比我们预想的要多。⑤(2017·浙江卷)While__itislikelythat__heunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings．尽管他可能对这些书理解很少，但是它们是他经典绘画的引路石。INCLU"高效演练·素能提升GAOXIAOYANLIANSUNENGTISHENGⅠ．单句语法填空1．Seeingthebigcrowdcomingtowardshim,hestartedtorundownthehill,but__slipped__(slip)andwentdownonhishandsandkneesinthemeltingsnow．2．Heisthought__tohaveacted__(act)foolishly．Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob．3．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim__that__hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice．4．Someinsectstake__on__thecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves．5．One-thirdofthecountry__is__(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens__are__(be)blackpeople．6．Withoutmyglasses,Icouldn'tmake__out__whetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight．7．Iwastaken__in__bythesalesmanwhoseproductsturnedouttobemuchlesseffective．8．Theworldfamousdirector,threeof__whose__movieswonOscarAwards,isreportedtohaveretired．9．(2018·天津卷阅读)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的),keepingtheireyes__on__mewithcuriosity．10．Whilehewasinhighschool,hemadeuphismindtoapply__formembershipintheParty．Ⅱ．单句改错1．Themajorityofthestudenthavepassedbiologyexam．__student→students__2．Mostpeoplearesobusymakingalivingthattheyforgottomakethelife．__the→a__3．Hireaself-drivecarreallyaddstotheenjoymentofyourholiday．__Hire→Hiring__4．Itistruethatmostofthemtrytoacquirewealthwithmeansofhonestlabor．__with→by__5．Hetendedtoworkthroughhislunchhourinanefforttokeepitupwithhiswork．__去掉it__6．Infact,Ididn'trealizeitsimportanceuntilIwaselectedthemonitorofourclass．__去掉the__Ⅲ．单句写作1．当在网上购物时，我过去常常通过咨询消费排名来做出一些选择。(bymeansof)__Whenshoppingonline，Iusedtomakesomechoicesbymeansofconsultingconsumptionratings．__2．我读了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是我写信发表观点的原因。(why引导的表语从句)__IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper，andthat'swhyI'mwritingtovoicemyopinion．__3．他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。(likely)__Itislikelythattheycanunderstandusbetterandgiveussomereasonableadvice．__4．人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于应鼓励人们阅读更多的书籍。(Itis＋done＋that)__Itiscommonlybelievedthattheinfluenceofbooksissogreatthatpeopleshouldbeencouragedtoreadmorebooks．__5．在我看来，没有证据表明他是个有资质的导师。(indicate)__AsfarasI'mconcerned，thereisnoevidenceindicatingthatheisaqualifiedtutor．__Ⅳ．语篇填空Californiais__1．the__thirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation．__2．It__isthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA．Thisisnot__3．surprising__(surprise)whenyouknowthehistoryofCaliforniawhichhasattractedpeoplefromnearlyeverycountryintheworld．Noonereally__4．knows__(know)whenthefirstsettlersarrivedin__5．what__wenowknowasCalifornia．ScientistsbelievethattheNativeAmericansreachedAmerica__6．by__meansofalandbridge．Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain．OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajority__7．were__(be)religiousmen．In1848,goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniaandthedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld．Infact,fewachievedtheirdream,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifefor__8．themselves__(they)．Inmorerecentdecades,Californiahasbecomehometo__9．more__(many)peoplefromAsia．It__10．isbelieved__(believe)thatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups．Ⅴ．话题写作假设你是李华，你们班级计划去云台山游玩，请你写信邀请朋友Tom一起游玩。内容包括：①提出邀请；②交通方式，集合地点、出发时间和费用安排；③表达愿望。补充要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①我们班大多数同学选择本周六去游玩云台山，我想邀请你和我们一起。__AsthemajorityofourclasselecttovisitYuntaiMountain__thisSaturday，I'dliketoinviteyoutojoinus．②我们想到我们可以合作租车去那里，这显然能节省