(新)高考阅读理解主旨题讲解课件

阅读理解—主旨类学习目标1.识记5种主旨类考题的命题方式2.理解主旨类题目的解题方法3.熟练运用技巧解决主旨类题考频统计2016-2020年真题2016-2020年全国卷中，主旨大意题占有7%目录02解题技巧03例题剖析01命题方式

总结041命题方式（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】常见命题形式：1、标题Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_______.（2019全国一35题）2、大意Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat_____.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.3、出处Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?（2019全国一31题）4、总结Fromthepassagewecanconclude/learnthat_____.5、目的Thepurpose/intentionofthispassageisthat______（2020山东11题）

（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】2解题技巧（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】

统计2016—2020年全国卷，共考17道主旨大意题，其中11道可在原文首段找到主旨句（64%），3道在结尾出现（17%），2道归纳总结（11%）文章首段的重要性（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】1、遇到主旨大意题，先关注文章首段。2、首段无法确认主旨，关注文章尾段。3、通过文章每段首尾句及高频词进行整体归纳。结论（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】解题技巧：“非常4+1”4——首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句1——高频词（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】首段（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（2018全国IC）31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（2018全国IC）

①Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（2018全国IC）

①Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.②Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】③Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.④Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.C无中生有无中生有无中生有（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】做题步骤判考点根据题干信息判断是否为主旨题定位置根据数据统计先看首段是否有中心句

提取中心句关键信息比选项比较四个选项初步排除干扰项，确定跟中心句关键信息相关的选项验答案根据其他关键位置信息确认答案（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】（新）高考阅读理解主旨题讲解精品ppt课件-PPT执教课件【推荐】2018全国1B27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?KeepingFitbyEatingSmart BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess第一步：判考点第二步：定位置主旨大意题2018全国1BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries(系列节自),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:Good

Health,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess首段第三步：比选项尾段 Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess1.首段转折词的重要性。转折

but,however让步

although,even

though(if),while,despite,inspiteof其他

instead,instead

of,infact,unfortunately2.逻辑关系的重要性，特别是并列和转折3.

关键位置的关键词的决定作用结论（2019全国III）27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends①ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends②"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.③Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.④"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.⑤ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."

（2019全国III）27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends范围过窄范围过窄无中生有D细节信息不作为主旨题答案！！段中（2019全国IIC）4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.例题1.MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.2.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenalone

inAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.3.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.4.Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe’sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday’sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It’sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.5.Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn’tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.（2019全国IIC）4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.以偏概全无中生有无中生有练习：（2020全国ID）

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?（2020全国ID）1.Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.2.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.（2020全国ID）3.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.4.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.5.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.（2020全国ID）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?CA.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?无中生有范围过宽无中生有尾段2019全国1DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.叙述尾段Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivenessTips:主旨题正确和错误选项特点

正确选项特点：1.是主题句、关键词2.能概括文章全部内容，不出现细节信息3.含义深刻或说明道理4.不含过于肯定或绝对的词语错误选项特点：1.无关2.范围过宽或过窄3.无中生有3总结3.总结1、做主旨题时，仔细审题，看好范围，搞清是问某一段还是全文的中心思想。2、

“非常4+1”“4”——首段、尾段、段落首句、段落尾句“1”——高频词3、选标题时，要仔细考虑选项与文章主题是否具有密切联系，避免三种错误：1）

无中生有2）范围过宽或过窄3）偷换概念4课后练习35.Whatcanbeasuitabl