高中英语Welcome-Unit-语法课课件

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresInthisperiod,youareexpectedto:discover8basicsentencestructuresanalyzethemeaningofdifferentstructurescreateyourownsentences/passageswithtargetsentencesstructures.2一个句子一般由两部分构成：即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。英语句子成分分析1）主语(S)：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：Studentsstudy.(学生学习。)Wearefriends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。主语(Subject)2）谓语(V)

：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词（vt.

及物动词/vi.不及物动词）或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：Studentsstudy.(学生学习。)Wearefriends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。谓语(V)3）宾语(O)：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：Iplaywithhim.(我和他一起玩。)宾语（object）6定语（Predicative）4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：Thisisaredsun.Heisatallboy.7５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：Thestudentsstudyhard.Ioftenwritetohim.Thebagistooheavy.状语（adverbial）６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：Englishisnoteasy.Wearefamily.表语（predicative）英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。宾语补足语1WecalledhimDongming.（名词）

2Wesawhimplayingsoccer.

（现在分词）3Wesawhimplaysoccer.(省to不定式)

4Wefoundmathdifficult.（形容词）5Mommakesmestudyallday.（省to不定式）

红色部分为句子的宾语补足语双宾语：IO+DO

在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语directobject（简称“直宾”）表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirectobject)。例子：红色部分为IO;蓝色部分为DOHereadus

thetext.Mysisterwroteme

aletter.HenryteachesusEnglish.Mymotherboughtme

awatch.Hermothermadeher

acake.Wouldyoufetchme

somechalk?I’llorderyou

anewdictionary.HefoundTom

atax.

英语句子长短简繁不一，但可以归纳成五种基本句型

基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓/系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五:

Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一Ｓ(subject)

+V(verb)（主＋谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

e.g.Hiswordsworks.

SV学科网创原家独Theboyspokeloudlytohisteacher.VAd主谓状Hespokeinalowvoice.

SVAd主谓状

(主语+不及物动词)扩展和修饰yesterdayevening.

1．她昨天回家很晚。Shewenthomeverylate巩固练习Ｓ+Ｖ+Ad（主＋谓＋状）学科网创原家独

基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）

特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.

S

VoIforgottomailtheletteryesterday.(SVOAd主谓宾状）Unfortunately,Iforgottomailtheletteryesterday.

(SVOAd主谓宾状）Ihadmyfirstmathsclassinseniorhighschool.(SVOAd主谓宾状）(主语+及物动词+宾语)扩展和修饰1．昨晚我写了一封信。2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。3．这本书他读过多次了4．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

Iwrotealetterlastnight.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.巩固练习：学科网创原家独基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：

1）be

本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.

3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等

4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,等

SV(link--V.)PThisisanEnglishdictionary.Everythinglooksdifferent.Theweatherbecomescooler.学科网创原家独巩固练习1．冬季白天短，夜晚长2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3．孩子们很少保持安静。

4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedays

are

shortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,he

became

afamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeep

quiet.Herjob

is

tolookafterthechildren

inthenursery.

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S+V+DO+prep.+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.

SV(Vt.)InODOShepassedhimanewdress.John告诉我他的想法。Johntoldmehisidea.学科网创原家独

说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：

Hebringsme

cookieseveryday.常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？4．他把车票给列车员看。

MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandma

told

meaninterestingstory

lastnight.Wouldyoupleasepass

methedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成—宾语是…/做…e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.

SVOOC说明:

此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.

Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.

TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.1．我们叫她Alice.2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3．他们把小偷释放了。4．我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7．他每个月理一次发8．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。WecallherAlice.

Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theyhavesetthethieffree.

Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.

Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.

EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.

Hehashishaircutonceamonth.

Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.

巩固练习Howdidyoufeel?Whatwouldyoudointhenewcampus?Arethereanyplans?RecallthefirstdayyouenteredGreentownYuhua,anddiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourdeskmate.Activity1:TalkandShareHowdidyoufeelwhenyougothereforthefirsttime?Ifelt/wasalittleproud/excited.S(subject)主语P(predicative)表语Whatwouldyoudointhenewcampus?I

willmake

newfriends.There’re

alotofplansforlearning.S(subject)主语V(verb)谓语O(object)宾语Therebe句型S(subject)主语Analyzethesentencestructures.Activity2:Themovie‘Flipped’tellsusaboutteenagelifeandlove.BryceandJuliearethetwomaincharactersinthefilm.Analyzethesentencestructures.V(verb)谓语Theboymetthegirlwhentheywerelittlekids.Julielovesthosedazzlingeyes.

Activity2:Analyzethesentencestructures.表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。P(predicative)表语JulieBakerisanoutgoinggirl.Sheseemedveryhappywhenclimbingonatree.Activity2:Analyzethesentencestructures.O(object)宾语Youneverforgetyourfirstlove.Oneday,JulieboughtBryceanicegift.Activity2:IODOAnalyzethesentencestructures.O(object)宾语P(predicative)表语vsActivity2:Thegirl’sblueeyesarereallybeautiful.Thegirlhasbeautifulblueeyes.O(object)宾语P(predicative)表语What’sthedifferencebetweenobjectandpredicative?Analyzethesentencestructures.状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。A(adverbial)状语Thelovestorybetweenthemisreallyimpressive.Theymeteachotheragainonawelcomepartyforthefreshmen.Activity2:Analyzethesentencestructures.有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后。C(objectcomplement)宾语补足语Theyfoundtheoldtreewithered,sotheyplantedanewone.Activity2:S(subject)V(verb)O(object)P(predicative)A(adverbial)DO(directobject)IO(indirectobject)C(objectcomplement)Imitatethestructures,andcreateyourown.Sentence

structureSentencesYourSentencesSVBothJulieandBrycesmiled.SVOTheymeteachother.SPThestorywasromantic.SVIODOThefilmshowedusalovestory.SVOCBrycefoundJuliebraveandconfident