物流学英文版最新版教学课件第11章

ContemporaryLogisticsTwelfthEditionChapter11PackagingandMaterialsHandlingLearningObjectives11.1Toillustratehowproductcharacteristicsaffectpackaging

andmaterialshandling11.2Todiscusspackagingfundamentals,suchaspackaging

functionsandlabeling11.3Toidentifyselectissuesthataffectpackaging,suchas

environmentalprotectionandpackaginginefficiencies11.4

Tolearnaboutunitloadsandtheunitloadplatform11.5

Toexplainmaterialshandling,materialshandling

principles,andmaterialshandlingequipmentProductCharacteristics(1of9)PhysicalcharacteristicsSubstanceform(solid,liquid,andgas)AbilitytowithstandexposuretoelementsProductdensity(weightpervolume)ChemicalcharacteristicsIncompatibleproductsCharacteristicsmustbemadeknowntoconsumersFigure11.1:FabricCareLabelSource:VartanovAnatoly/ShutterstockFigure11.2:LumberMarkingsSource:AlamyPackagingFundamentals(2of9)PackagingReferstomaterialsusedforthecontainment,protection,handling,delivery,andpresentationofgoods1Building-blocksconceptAverysmallunitisplacedintoaslightlylargerunit,andsoon,toprotecttheproduct1LogisticsDictionary,PackagingFundamentals(3of9)Someofthemanypackagingfundamentalsinclude:Functionaltrade-offsPackagingtestingandmonitoringLabelingPackagingFundamentals(4of9)Functionaltrade-offsPackagingservesthreegeneralfunctions:TopromoteToprotectToidentifytherelevantproductPackagingdesigndecisionsinvolveanumberofdepartmentswithinanorganization-Engineering -QualityControl -Manufacturing -Transportation-Marketing -WarehousingPackagingFundamentals(5of9)PackagetestingandmonitoringThreeimportantkindsofinformationneededtoproperlydesignprotectivepackagingsystem:SeverityofthedistributionenvironmentFragilityoftheproducttobeprotectedPerformancecharacteristicsofvariouscushionmaterialsAdvisabletohavepackagespretestedPackagingFundamentals(6of9)PackagetestingandmonitoringPackagetestingVibrationsDroppingHorizontalimpactsCompressionOverexposuretoextremetemperaturesormoistureRoughhandlingPackagingFundamentals(7of9)LabelingTypicallyoccursattheendoftheassemblyprocessBoxesmustbelabeledwhencontentsarehiddenManyregulationsgovernlabeling:WeightSpecificcontentsInstructionsforuseRegulationsdifferfromcountrytocountryandfromstatetostateFigure11.3:ExamplesofShippingLabelsSource:CourtesyofUline.PackagingFundamentals(8of9)HazardousmaterialsGovernmentalregulationsaddresslabelingofhazardousmaterialsRequirementsinvolve:LabelingPackagingandrepackagingPlacingwarningsonshippingdocumentsNotifyingtransportationcarriersinadvancePackages,containers,trailers,andrailcarscarryinghazardousmaterialsmustcarrydistinctplacardsidentifyingthehazardPackagingFundamentals(9of9)HazardousmaterialsGloballyHarmonizedSystemofClassificationandLabelingofChemicals(GHS)isaglobalsystemtoclassifyandlabelhazardousmaterialsGHSprovidesthreekeypiecesofclassificationandlabelinginformation:AsymbolAsignalword(e.g.,“danger”)Ahazardstatement(e.g.,“explosion;severeprojectionhazard”)Implementedbyfewerthan75countriestodateIssuesinPackaging(1of4)EnvironmentalprotectionReducepackingmaterialsusedUsepackagingmaterialsthataremoreenvironmentallyfriendlywithrecycledcontentUsereusablecontainers(closed-loopsystem)Retainorsupportservicesthatcollectusedpackagingandrecycleit(closed-loopsystem)IssuesinPackaging(2of4)MetricsystemU.S.,Liberia,andMyanmar(formerlyBurma)aretheonlythreecountriesintheworldthatdonotusethemetricsystemofmeasurementIncreasingpressureonU.S.exporterstomarkettheirproductsoverseasinmetricunitsIssuesinPackaging(3of4)IdentifyingpackaginginefficienciesBuilding-blocksconceptisusefulforanalyzingpackaginginefficienciesPackaginginefficienciescanhaveanumberofundesirablelogisticsconsequencesincluding:IncreasedlossIncreaseddamageSlowermaterialshandlingHigherstoragecostsHighertransportationcostsTable11.1:AHypotheticalExampleofPackagingInefficiencyProduct:One(1)desktoptapedispenser(cube=30inches)12dispenserspercartonProductcubepercarton:30cubicinchestimes12dispensers=360cubicinchesCartondimensions:1,140cubicinchesCartonefficiency:Productcubepercartondividedbycartoncube360/1,140=31.6%60cartonscanbeputonapalletPalletcapacity:90,720cubicinchesCartoncubeperpallet:1,140cubicinchespercartontimes60cartons=68,400cubicinchesPalletloadefficiency:Cartoncubeperpalletdividedbypalletcapacity68,400/90,720=75.4%Cartonefficiencytimespalletloadefficiency=theamountofpalletcubethatisactuallyproduct:31.6%times75.4%=23.8%IssuesinPackaging(4of4)Packaging’sinfluenceontransportationconsiderationsCarriers’tariffsandclassificationsinfluencethetypeofpackagingandpackingmethodsthatmustbeusedCarriersestablishedclassificationsfortwomainreasons:Packagingspecificationsdeterminedbyproductdensityleadtothebestuseoftheequipment’sweightandvolumecapabilitiesCarrierspecificationsforprotectivepackagingreducelikelihoodofdamagetoproducts,thusreducingthelossanddamageclaimsfiledagainstthecarrierFigure11.4:Boxmaker’sGuaranteeSource:©PearsonEducation.UnitLoadsinMaterialsHandling(1of5)Unitload(unitization)Referstoconsolidationofseveralunits(cartonsorcases)intolargerunitstoimproveefficiencyinhandlingandtoreduceshippingcosts2HandlingefficiencyFacilitatedbymechanicaldevices(palletjackorforklift)aswellasbyusingapalletorskid2Source:http:///digital/glossary/glossary.aspFigure11.5:AutomatedGuidedVehicleSource:DmitryKalinovsky/ShutterstockUnitLoadsinMaterialsHandling(2of5)AdvantagesAdditionalprotectiontocargoPilferageisdiscouragedMorevaluableorfragileitemscanbestackedinsidetheloadMechanicaldevicescanbesubstitutedformanuallaborUnitLoadsinMaterialsHandling(3of5)LimitationsProvideslargequantitythatsometimesisoflimitedvaluetoresellersdealinginsmallerquantitiesMustusemechanicalorautomateddevicetomove(costly)LackofstandardpalletsizeTable11.2:ISOPalletStandardsDimensionsMillimeters(width×length)DimensionsInches(width×

length)1219×101648.00×40.001000×120039.37×47.241165×116544.88×44.881067×106742.00×42.001100×110043.30×43.30800×120031.50×47.24Source:ISOStandard6780:FlatPalletsforIntercontinentalMaterialsHandling.UnitLoadsinMaterialsHandling(4of5)TheunitloadplatformBasicunitisapalletCanbeconstructedfromwood,plastic,woodcomposites(suchasfiberboard),paper,andmetalEachpalletmaterialhasadvantagesanddisadvantagesPriceisamajordrawbackofplasticandmetalpalletsLongevityisapotentialadvantageofplasticandmetalShouldbelessthan50poundsPalletorskidalternativesSlipsheetUnitLoadsinMaterialsHandling(5of5)BeyondtheunitloadStowagebaseduponload-planningsoftwareBracingorinflatabledunnagebagsLoadissubjectedvariousforcesincluding:VibrationPitchRollWeighingoutMaterialsHandling(1of6)MaterialshandlingReferstothe“short-distancemovementthatusuallytakesplacewithintheconfinesofabuildingsuchasaplantorDCandbetweenabuildingandatransportationserviceprovider”3Short-distancemovementdistinguishesmaterialshandlingfromtransportationProductsarehandledbythebuilding-blockconceptorlargequantitiesarehandledinbulkHandlingmaychangethecharacteristics(orquality)oftheproduct3JohnJ.Coyle,C.JohnLangley,Jr.,BrianJ.Gibson,RobertA.Novack,andEdwardJ.Bardi,SupplyChainManagement:ALogisticsPerspective,8thed.(Mason,OH:South-WesternCengageLearning,2009),Appendix11-A.Figure11.6:Computer-GeneratedLoadPlanSource:CourtesyofTOPSSoftwareCorp.Figure11.7:ADunnageBagSource:ShutterstockFigure11.8:ConveyorBeltSource:ShutterstockMaterialsHandling(2of6)MaterialshandlingprinciplesPlanningStandardizationWorkErgonomicUnitloadSpaceutilizationSystemAutomationEnvironmentalLifecyclecostMaterialsHandling(3of6)MaterialshandlingequipmentStorageequipmentShelvesRacksBinsHandlingequipmentConveyorsystemsLifttrucksCartsCranesMaterialsHandling(4of6)Materialshand