专题06完形填空（记叙文说明文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）（原题版）

专题06完形填空（记叙文+说明文）（2023·新高考卷I完形填空）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____camebecauseshewascarryinga____23____acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____24____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____25____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____26____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____27____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____28____attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas____29____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme____30____tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore____31____aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig____32____.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t____33____her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe____34____,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe____35____ofhumankindnesswontheday.21.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished22.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse23.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor24.A.race B.school C.town D.training25.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised26.A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice27.A.wentaway B.stoodup C.steppedaside D.bentdown28.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal29.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated30.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness31.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged32.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal33.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand34.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show35.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange（2023·新高考卷II完形填空）InAprillastyear,IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytight___41___.Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor___42___fortheirdog,Tiffy,and___43___wantedtotakeherwiththem.Itjust___44___thatIwasplanninganotherPNPflightwithanotherpilot,Karen,who___45___totakeTiffyfromKansasCitytoVirginia.WhatIwastodowasflytoTopekato___46___Tiffy.WhenImetTiffy’sowners,theyseemedvery___47___.George,thehusband,wastryingtobecalm,butIcouldtellthiswas___48___forhim,havingtoleavehisdogtoa___49___andtrustthateverythingwould_____50_____.Aftersomegoodbyes,IaskedGeorgeandhiswifetohelpme_____51_____Tiffyintotheplane.IpromisedtotakecareofTiffyand_____52_____themassoonaswegottoKansasCity.Theflightwas_____53_____,andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday,she_____54_____withKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.Hewasso_____55_____andsentmeanicee-mailwithpictures.ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.41.A.turn B.budget C.schedule D.connection42.A.food B.shelter C.medicine D.transportation43.A.desperately B.temporarily C.secretly D.originally44.A.appeared B.proved C.happened D.showed45.A.waited B.offered C.hurried D.failed46.A.seeoff B.lookfor C.handover D.pickup47.A.confused B.nervous C.annoyed D.curious48.A.hard B.fine C.common D.lucky49.A.coworker B.passenger C.stranger D.neighbor50.A.speedup B.workout C.comeback D.takeoff51.A.feed B.follow C.change D.load52.A.call B.join C.leave D.serve53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected C.unavoidable D.uneventful54.A.returned B.fought C.flew D.agreed55.A.thankful B.generous C.proud D.sympathetic【命题意图】2023年I卷完形填空讲述了越野赛跑运动员在比赛中将受伤的运动员背至终点就医，旨在引导学生关注体育与身心健康，提高运动意识，在体育锻炼中锤炼意志，涵养体育精神。与前两年相比，从体裁到主题语境都与前两年的考题基本保持了一致。2023年II卷完形填空讲述了作者通过PilotsNPaws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程，作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边的感人故事。该语篇旨在通过真实、生动的英语语境来检验学生的基础语言知识和文化素养，要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。同时，强调考查考生在英语词法、句法及语篇知识方面的掌握及应用能力，突出基础知识在实际语境中的运用。选项设计具有情境依存性，可提高考试的实用性。从命题趋势看，完形填空文章的选材趋于多样化，更多是记叙性的文章，带有一定的故事情节，叙议结合，往往富有哲理。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等则空格为功能性空格，此类设空往往为词内项或句间项，即词组固定搭配或句子与句子间的关系。此类设空一般很少。如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格，而这正是近几年高考对词汇的考察重点，包括含有这些词的词组词义辨析等。其所设空大多数为词间项，句内项和句间项。【考查要点】2023年I卷考点分布情况：动词4道(21,25,29,33) ；名词8道(22,23,24,26,30,32,34,35)；形容词、副词2道(28,31)；动词短语1(27)。2023年I卷完形填空较去年相比，注重对实词的考查，相比前2年的试题，名词词义辨析的数量明显增加了，其中名词词义辨析考了8题，动词词义辨析考了4题，相比前2年新高考I卷，名词词义辨析的数量明显增加，而动词词义辨析的数量这2年有所下降。另外，词汇的运用和短语的表达地道。如“stepaside”“bentdown”等表达都非常地道，这些地道的短语在阅读中也大量出现。这就要求学生平时的训练中多注重常用短语的积累。2023年II卷考点分布情况：动词7道，名词3道，形容词4道，副词1道。由此可以看出2023年II卷完形填空动词的考察明显增加，名词有所减少，形容词和副词的考察有所上升，没有考查介词或介词短语。今年考察的知识点分布更加平均，但全是考察实词。完形填空在考察形容词和副词的时候往往与主题相关。词汇的运用和短语的表达新颖地道。如“averytightbudget”“madeitbackto”等表达都非常地道，这些地道的短语在阅读中也大量出现。Theflightwas____33____,andTiffywasagreatpassenger.句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客，故选择uneventful太平无事的。这些都要求学生在平时的训练中多注重积累。【课标链接】完形填空是高考英语试卷中较困难的题型，同时也是较能有效反映考生能力的好题型该题型是基于心理学上的格式塔效应，即注重整体感知。从表面看它是考学生的词汇知识。实际上它是以文章为裁体，全面考察学生的综合语言运用能力，是在对文章的总体把握和全面理解的基础上考察学生在具体的语境中对词汇的把握，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。完形填空实际是“词感现象”的展示，主要是考查考生的词感能力。所谓“问感”是指一种对词或词群的感受能力，对词的感受力强，解题时会较容易找到它与情景的关系。考生较为娴熟的语感有助于理解语段或词句，而娴熟的词感则有助于选词准确，逻辑顺畅。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差别，也并不注重词的搭配或组合，而是较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景做出合乎逻辑的判断。【1】（2022·新高考卷I完形填空）Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.Someofour___41___arefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we___42___alongChalkCreek.Iwas___43___thatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek(小溪).Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas___44___,andhiscryingletthewholecampgroundknowit.So___45___tyinghimup,Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.It___46___—hedidn’tendupinthecreek.Mythree-year-old,however,did.Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenwe___47___,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequickly___48___ourpeacefulmorningtrip.The___49___pickedupandthunderrolled.Myhusbandstoppedfishingto_____50_____themotor.Nothing.Hetriedagain.No_____51_____.Wewerestuckinthemiddleofthelakewithadeadmotor.Asweallsatthere_____52_____,afishermanpulledup,threwusaropeandtowed(拖)usback.Wewere_____53_____.Now,everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthegarage,wearefilledwithasenseof_____54_____,wonderingwhatcampingfunand_____55_____wewillexperiencenext.41.A.ideas B.jokes C.memories D.discoveries42.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled43.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried44.A.unhurt B.unfortunate C.uncomfortable D.unafraid45.A.dueto B.insteadof C.apartfrom D.asfor46.A.worked B.happened C.mattered D.changed47.A.signedup B.calmeddown C.checkedout D.headedoff48.A.arranged B.interrupted C.completed D.recorded49.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed50.A.find B.hide C.start D.fix51.A.luck B.answer C.wonder D.signal52.A.patiently B.tirelessly C.doubtfully D.helplessly53.A.sorry B.brave C.safe D.right54.A.relief B.duty C.pride D.excitement55.A.failure B.adventure C.performance D.conflict【2】（2022·新高考卷II完形填空）Likemanyyoungpeople,Jessicawantstotraveltheglobe.Unlikemostofthem,this25-year-oldisdoingit___21___.Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravelingtheworld,stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingapore.Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensive___22___,butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel___23___.They’repartofanewformofthe___24___economy:anonlinegroupofhousesitters.Throughouttheirno-coststaysin___25___homes,theyfeedpetsandwaterplantsinthehomeowner’s___26___.It’snotallsightseeing.Thetwotravelerscarefully___27___theirtrips,schedulingtheirdaysaroundthepetsthataresometimesdifficultto___28___.Buthousesittingalsooffersalevelof___29___theycan’tfindinahotel.“It’slike____30____atafriend’shouse,”Jessicasays.Thecouplehasahigh____31____rateingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgobeyondthehomeowner’s____32____.ForJessica,thatmeans____33____plentyofpicturesofhappypets,keepingthehouse____34____andleavinganicesmallgiftbeforeheadingtothenexthouse.“Youwanttomakethehomeownerfeelthattheymadetheright____35____,”shesays.22.A.game B.service C.vacation D.procedure23.A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable24.A.local B.private C.sharing D.agricultural25.A.strangers’ B.parents’ C.co-workers’ D.neighbors’26.A.favor B.defense C.honor D.absence27.A.plan B.explain C.compare D.complete28.A.buy B.transport C.choose D.please29.A.support B.comfort C.control D.attention30.A.cooking B.staying C.waiting D.studying31.A.success B.survival C.growth D.unemployment32.A.budget B.abilities C.expectations D.understanding33.A.admiring B.donating C.sending D.borrowing34A.clean B.open C.simple D.empty35.A.guess B.decision C.response D.impression【3】（2021·新高考卷I完形填空）Mylifeasatax-payingemployedpersonbeganinmiddleschool,when,forthreewholedays,Iworkedinabakingfactory.MybestfriendBetsy’sfatherwasamanageratHoughBakeries,which,atEastertime,____41____littlebunny(兔子)cakesforallits____42____throughoutCleveland.Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfor____43____helpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadno____44____beyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.I’d____45____minimumwage.I’dseehowafactory____46____.MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy’sdadwiththeir____47____.Our____48____inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.____49____bunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas_____50_____thanitsounds._____51_____abitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight,itwasallalittlemorehigh-pressurethanI’d_____52_____.Dad____53____.Thesonofagrocer,he’dspentthesummersofhischildhood_____54_____foodinBenardsville,NewJersey.Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyou_____55_____thedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework,hetoldme.41.A.sold B.ordered C.made D.reserved42.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens43.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary44.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies45.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest46.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived47.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation48.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices49.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper51.A.Calmdown B.Slowdown C.Stayon D.Moveon52.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered53.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused54.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering55.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate【4】（2021·新高考卷II完形填空）Overthepast38years,Mr.Wanghaspretendedtobesomeoneelsemanytimes,andhasevenlearnedto____21____differentdialects（方言），leadingtohimbeingdescribedasan“Oscar-winningactor".The60-year-oldisnotanactor,buta____22____However,heismoredevotedtohis“____23____"thananyrealactor.Inthe1990s,agroupofthievesoftensoldstolengoodswiththehelpofsomebeggars.Tolookintothe____24____，Wangdisguised（伪装）himselfand____25____thebeggars.Dirtyshortsandoldshoesgavehimthe____26____ofarealbeggarandhisconvincingdialectsoonwonhimthe____27____ofthebeggars.“Ioften____28____themtodrinkalcohol.Oncetheywere____29____,theybegantotalkalot,"Wangsaid.“I'dthen____30____myselftousethetoilet,____31____whatthebeggarssaid,andsendthe____32____tomyteammates.”Wang，whoisoftenin____33____situations，isalsoajudo（柔道）master.“AslongasIgetcloseenough,nocriminalcan____34____fromme,"hesaid.Wang's____35____wonhimseveralhonors,includingaNationalMayDayLaborMedaland11CitationsofMerit.Paris.21.A.teach B.compare C.assess D.speak22.A.lawyer B.doctor C.policeman D.businessman23.A.role B.study C.family D.audience24.A.minor B.case C.future D.question25.A.interviewed B.joined C.arrested D.assisted26.A.challenge B.experience C.appearance D.freedom27.A.vote B.sympathy C.permission D.trust28.A.invited B.forced C.helped D.expected29.A.drunk B.deserted C.bored D.lost30.A.guide B.persuade C.excuse D.allow31.A.referto B.notedown C.askabout D.missout32.A.plan B.agreement C.direction D.information33.A.awkward B.dangerous C.unfortunate D.strange34.A.separate B.recover C.escape D.hear35.A.courage B.honesty C.kindness D.optimism分析近几年的高考试题，可以发现完形填空所选文章常富于哲理,耐人寻味,可读性较强。体裁或记叙或夹叙夹议。记叙文的阅读一要抓住时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，二要弄清记叙的顺序，三要把握好人物的情感和态度。如果记叙中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。在阅读解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点、人物，理清起因、经过和结果；然后阅读选项，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果，根据故事发展的线索、事物的先后顺序、指代、同词重现等下上文信息确定答案。所谓夹叙夹议就是一方面叙述某一事情,一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议是一个有机的整体,"叙"是"议"的基础,即议论不能脱离记叙,必须在记叙的基础上展开;"议"是"叙"的渗透,即议论要有一定的深度与广度。教学备考建议：1.分析结构,抓住作者的观点。在做题时大家要借助文章结构,认真体会记叙和议论的关系,抓住作者的观点,明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构,从而明白作者的思路。2.重视首句,把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心,为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。3.叙议兼顾,理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体,叙是议的基础而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时,掌握议论部分的内容是关键,因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述,全面把握文章才能正确解题。4.抓住转换理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式理清上下文之间的逻辑关系,在充分把握语境的基础上,辨析词语进一步把握作者的观点、态度,找到正确答案。【1】（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试英语试题）“Hey!’Youhaveahairlessspotonthebackofyourhead!”Mom’salarmedcryhitmelikeashock.Itriedtoshrugitoff.“It’llgrowback.”Iworkedtosound____21____.Atfirst,thelosswasminimal.____22____thespotwithmyfingersbecamethetoppriorityeveryday.Nonewhair,smoothasanegg.Weekslater,thespotwasalittlelarger,andtherewasstillno____23____ofanyhairpokingthroughtheskin.Ibeganto____24____,butcontinuedtotrytobecoolaboutit.Asdayswentby,myhairstartedtofallfasterandmore.____25____myfingersthroughit,Iwouldstareatthealarmingquantityofhairinmyhands,willingthisto____26____happeningtome.Wewenttoseeadoctor,whodiagnosedmyconditionasalopecia(脱发症).Herecommendedaninjectiontotry,whichwouldbe____27____totheheadskin.Iunderwentseveralcostlyinjectionsoverafewmonths,butinvain.____28____theinjectionbegantotroublemysleep,andwefinallyhadtostopthe____29____.Myhairstilldidn’tgrowback.Ihadtowearawig(假发)toschooleveryday,worrieditmightsliponedayandthateverythingwould____30____.ThoughawarethatIshould____31____thefacttomyfriends,Iwasscared,notknowinghowtheywouldhandletheinformation.____32____,hesitantly,Itoldthemwhatwashappeningafterdaysofstruggle.Tomysurprise,theyallthoughtnothingofit.Thiswasa(n)____33____forme.Icametorealizethatwhathadhappenedwasnotmyfault,andnotsomethingIshouldfeel____34____of.Iamlearningthatbeingbalddoesn’tchangewhoIam,andifIdon’tletitaffectmyself____35____thenotherpeoplearemuchmorelikelytoacceptmeasIam,too.21.A.mild B.calm C.upset D.relieved22.A.Checking B.Polishing C.Clearing D.Covering23.A.sense B.chance C.sign D.way24.A.wonder B.panic C.swing D.withdraw25.A.Reaching B.Shifting C.Feeling D.Running26.A.delay B.avoid C.cease D.keep27.A.attached B.connected C.guided D.applied28.A.Afterall B.Worsestill C.Inbrief D.Bycontrast29.A.motion B.procedure C.routine D.mission30.A.breakout B.drawtoaclose C.fadeaway D.cometolight31.A.reveal B.restrict C.distribute D.highlight32.A.Instead B.Furthermore C.Anyway D.Thus33.A.blow B.credit C.exception D.miracle34.A.proud B.ashamed C.fond D.guilty35.A.evaluation B.introduction C.acceptance D.dependence【2】（2023届河北省张家口市高三5月三模英语试题）RecentlyIwasverybusyandIneededatimeout.SoIdecidedtodrivetothesupermarketandpickupdinnerinsteadofdoingmyusual___21___.Inthesupermarket,Itookfatandjuicychickenandsomewarmcornbread.Asthecashierbeganprocessingmyitems,I___22___mybagformycreditcard.However,Irealizedmywalletwasnotthere.In___23___,ItoldthecashierIhadleftmymoneyathomeandapologizedsincerely,offeringto___24___myitemstowhereI___25___them.Justatthatmomentthesupermarketownerappeared,saying“Please,takeeverythinghomeand___26___thedinner.It’sonthehousetonight!”Itriedto___27___thelovelyofferbuthe___28___adarkchocolatebarnearthecounterandsaid,“Here!Takethis,too!”Hisactof___29___liftedeverybodypresent.Ithankedhim___30___formakingmyday.WhenIapproachedhome,asI___31___intomydriveway,Isawmynext-doorneighborhadjustmowedmylawn(草坪).Hewasputtingonthefinishingtouches,clearingthecutgrass.Feeling___32___,Ijum