雅思测试题讲解

Listening

SECTION1

Questions1-6

Completethenotesbelow

WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBER

foreachanswer.

Questions1-10

Example

Holidayname

Holidaylength

Typeoftransportation

Maximumgroupsize

Nexttourdate

Hotelname

Dreamtimetravelagency

Tourinformation

Answer

WhaleWatchExperience

2days

1...........................

2..........................

3..........................

4The..........................

Questions5and6

ChooseTwolettersA-E

WhichTwothingsareincludedinthepriceofthetour?

Afishingtrip

Bguidedbushwalk

Creptileparkentry

Dtabletennis

Etennis

Questions7-10

Completethesentencesbelow

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeach

answer

7Thetourcosts$..........................

8Bookingsmustbemadenolaterthan..........................daysinadvance.

9A..........................depositisrequired..

10Thecustomer'referencenumberis..........................

s

SECTION2

Questions

1

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11-20

Questions11-15

Completethetablebelow

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer

TYPEOFHELP

FINANCIAL

12..........................

ACADEMIC

14..........................

EXAMPLES

Grants

11..........................

Childcare

Nurseries

13..........................

Usingthelibrary

15..........................

Questions16-20

Completethenotesbelow

WriteNUMBERSORNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer

HELPLINEDETAILS

Officer

Jackle16..........................

Address

StudentWelfareOffice

13MarshallRoad

Telephonenumber

17..........................

Openinghours

9:30am-6pm(weekdays)

18..........................(Saturdays)

Ring

or

visit

office

for

19..........................

N.B.ATpeaktimestheremaybea

20....................................................

2

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SECTION3

Questions21-24

Questions21-30

Completethenotesbelow

WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBER

foreachanswer.

DETAILSOFASSIGNMENT

Part1Essay

Title:'Assessthetwomainmethodsof21..........................

Insocialscienceresearch'

Part2Small-scalestudy

Chooseonemethod.

Gatherdatafromatleast23..........................subjects.

Part3Reportonstudy

Numberofwords:24..........................

Questions25and26

ChooseTWOlettersA-E

WhatTWOdisadvantagesofthequestionnaireformofdatacollectiondothe

studentsdiscuss?

AThedataissometimesinvalid

BToofewpeoplemayrespond

CItislesslikelytorevealtheunexpected

DItcanonlybeusedwithliteratepopulations

EThereisadelaybetweenthedistributionandreturnofquestionnaires

Questions27-30

Completethetablebelow

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSORANUMBERforeachanswer.

AUTHOR

27..........................

Bell

Wilson

TITLE

'SampleSurveys

inSocialScience

Research'

28..........................

..........................

'Interviewsthat

work'

PUBLISHER

YEAROF

PUBLICATION

29..........................

..........................

OxfordUniversity

Press

30..........................

3

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Reading

YouShouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40.Whicharebased

onReadingPassage3below

Thetopicsdiscussedincludedtheco-ordinatedstudyofthedestructionof

forests,aswellashowtocombatforestfiresandtheextensionofEuropean

researchprogramsontheforestecosystem.Thepreparatoryworkforthe

conferencehadbeenundertakenattwomeetingsofexperts.Theirinitialtask

wastodecidewhichofthemanyforestproblemsofconcerntoEurope

involvedthelargestnumberofcountriesandmightbethesubjectofjoint

action.Thoseconfinedtoparticulargeographicalareas,suchascountries

borderingtheMediterraneanortheNordiccountriesthereforehadtobe

discarded.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatinfuturetheywillbeignored.

Asawhole,Europeancountriesseeforestsasperformingatriple

function:biological,economicandrecreational.Thefirstistoactasa'green

lung'forourplanet;bymeansofphotosynthesis,forestsproduceoxygen

throughthetransformationofsolarenergy,thusfulfillingwhatforhumansis

theessentialroleofanimmense,non-pollutingpowerplant.Atthesame

time,forestsproviderawmaterialsforhumanactivitiesthroughtheir

constantlyrenewedproductionofwood.Finally,theyofferthosecondemned

tospendfivedaysaweekinanurbanenvironmentanunrivalledareaof

freedomtounwindandtakepartinarangeofleisureactivities,suchas

hunting,ridingandhiking.Theeconomicimportanceofforestshasbeen

understoodsincethedawnofman-woodwasthefirstfuel.Theother

aspectshavebeenrecognisedonlyforafewcenturiesbuttheyarebecoming

moreandmoreimportant.Hence,thereisarealconcernthroughoutEurope

aboutthedamagetotheforestenvironmentwhichthreatensthesethreebasic

roles.

Themythofthe'natural'foresthassurvived,yetthereareeffectivelyno

remaining'primary'forestsinEurope.AllEuropeanforestsareartificial,

havingbeenadaptedandexploitedbymanforthousandsofyears.This

meansthataforestpolicyisvital,thatitmusttranscendnationalfrontiers

andgenerationsofpeople,andthatitmustallowfortheinevitablechanges

thattakeplaceintheforests,inneeds,andhenceinpolicy.TheStrasbourg

conferencewasoneofthefirsteventsonsuchascaletoreachthis

conclusion.Ageneraldeclarationwasmadethat'acentralplaceinany

ecologicallycoherentforestpolicymustbegiventocontinuityovertimeand

tothepossibleeffectsofunforeseenevents,toensurethatthefullpotential

oftheseforestsismaintained'.

Thatgeneraldeclarationwasaccompaniedbysixdetailedresolutionsto

4

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assistnationalpolicy-making.Thefirstproposestheextensionand

systematisationofsurveillancesitestomonitorforestdecline.Forestdecline

isstillpoorlyunderstoodbutleadstothelossofahighproportionofatree's

needlesorleaves.Theentirecontinentandthemajorityofspeciesarenow

affected:between30%and50%ofthetreepopulation.Thecondition

appearstoresultfromthecumulativeeffectofanumberoffactors,with

atmosphericpollutantstheprincipalculprits.Compoundsofnitrogenand

sulphurdioxideshouldbeparticularlycloselywatched.However,their

effectsareprobablyaccentuatedbyclimaticfactors,suchasdroughtand

hardwinters,orsoilimbalancessuchassoilacidification,whichdamages

theroots.Thesecondresolutionconcentratesontheneedtopreservethe

geneticdiversityofEuropeanforests.Theaimistoreversethedeclineinthe

numberoftreespeciesoratleasttopreservethe'geneticmaterial'ofallof

them.AlthoughforestfiresdonotaffectallofEuropetothesameextent,the

amountofdamagecausedtheexpertstoproposeasthethirdresolutionthat

theStrasbourgconferenceconsidertheestablishmentofaEuropean

databankonthesubject.Allinformationusedinthedevelopmentofnational

preventativepolicieswouldbecomegenerallyavailable.Thesubjectofthe

fourthresolutiondiscussedbytheministerswasmountainforests.InEurope,

itisundoubtedlythemountainecosystemwhichhaschangedmostrapidly

andismostatrisk.Athinlyscatteredpermanentpopulationand

developmentofleisureactivities,particularlyskiing,haveresultedin

significantlong-termchangestothelocalecosystems.Proposed

developmentsincludeapreferentialresearchprogramonmountainforests.

ThefifthresolutionrelaunchedtheEuropeanresearchnetworkonthe

physiologyoftrees,calledEurosilva.Eurosilvashouldsupportjoint

Europeanresearchontreediseasesandtheirphysiologicalandbiochemical

aspects.Eachcountryconcernedcouldincreasethenumberofscholarships

andotherfinancialsupportfordoctoralthesesandresearchprojectsinthis

area.Finally,theconferenceestablishedtheframeworkforaEuropean

researchnetworkonforestecosystems.Thiswouldalsoinvolveharmonising

activitiesinindividualcountriesaswellasidentifyinganumberofpriority

researchtopicsrelatingtotheprotectionofforests.TheStrasbourg

conference'smainconcernwastoprovideforthefuture.Thiswastheinitial

motivation,onenowsharedbyall31participantsrepresenting31European

countries.Theirfinaltextcommitsthemtoon-goingdiscussionbetween

governmentrepresentativeswithresponsibilityforforests.

5

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Questions27-33

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReading

Passage3?Inboxes27-33onyouranswersheet,write

TRUE

FALSE

ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

27ForestproblemsofMediterraneancountriesaretobediscussedatthe

nextmeetingofexperts.

28ProblemsinNordiccountrieswereexcludedbecausetheyareoutsidethe

EuropeanEconomicCommunity.

29Forestsarearenewablesourceofrawmaterial.

30Thebiologicalfunctionsofforestswererecognisedonlyinthetwentieth

century.

31NaturalforestsstillexistinpartsofEurope.

32Forestpolicyshouldbelimitedbynationalboundaries.

33TheStrasbourgconferencedecidedthataforestpolicymustallowforthe

possibilityofchange.

6

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Questions34-39

Lookatthefollowingstatementsissuedbytheconference.

Whichsixofthefollowingstatements,A-J,refertotheresolutionsthatwere

issued?

Matchthestatementswiththeappropriateresolutions(Questions34-39).

Writethecorrectletter,A-J,inboxes34-39onyouranswersheet.

AAllkindsofspeciesoftreesshouldbepreserved.

BFragilemountainforestsshouldbegivenpriorityinresearchprograms.

CThesurvivingnaturalforestsofEuropedonotneedprioritytreatment.

DResearchistobebetterco-ordinatedthroughoutEurope.

EInformationonforestfiresshouldbecollectedandshared.

FLossofleavesfromtreesshouldbemoreextensivelyandcarefully

monitored.

GResourcesshouldbeallocatedtoresearchintotreediseases.

HSkiingshould