2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案x

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewell

documented

butthere’sanew

bonus

toaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomen

who

werephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelop

dementia

inlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople's

cardiovascular

（心血管）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdeveloping

dementia."Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）

cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120wattsorhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirexercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorother

cardiovascular

problems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfor

dementia

sixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,

comparedto

25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetween

cardiovascularfitness

and

dementia,itonlyshowsan

association.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscould

haveapositiveeffecton

theriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthata

relatively

smallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwereformSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbe

applicable

toothergroups.7.Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.B.Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.C.Experimentalstudiesondiseases.D.Advantagesofsportywomanoverman8.Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomantodobicycleexercise?A.Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate.B.ToassesstheircardiovascularcapacityC.TochangetheirhabitsofworkingoutD.Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems9.WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementiaB.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD.BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascularFitnessABBCResearcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwild

chimpanzees

(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysaywild

chimps

communicate19

specific

messagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000

incidents

ofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformof

intentionalcommunication

toberecorded

intheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunication

where

they

deliberately

sentamessagetoanothergroupmember.“That’swhat’ssoamazingaboutchimp

gestures,”shesaid.“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguage

inthatrespect.”Although

previous

researchhasshownthat

apes

andmonkeyscanunderstand

complex

informationfromanotheranimal’scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoices

intentionally

tocommunicatemessages.Thiswasa

significant

differencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signalling:“Climbonme.”Theyoungster

immediately

jumpsontoitsmother’sbackandtheytravelofftogether.“Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outtherethatis

meaningful

initscommunication,sothat’snot

unique

tohumans,”saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,

anevolutionarybiologist

fromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyin

seekingtoenrich

ourknowledgeofthe

evolution

ofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.“The

vagueness

ofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,”shesaid.“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgo

beyondwhat

otheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthe

gulf

remains.”27.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.28.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.BalanceD.Connect