人教版初三英语总复习资料动词的语态

教学内容:动词的语态【重点难点提示】一、重点是:(11.被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。(1一般现在时的被动语态:am(is,are+动词过去分词RiceisgrowninChina.中国出产大米。(2一般过去时的被动语态:Was(were+动词过去分词Thesephotosweretakenlastyear.这些照片是去年照的。(3含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词过去分词Thiscarcanbemendedinanhour.这辆小汽车一小时就能修好。2.主动语态变被动语态的方法:(1把主动语态的宾语提前变为被动语态的主语。(2把主动语态的谓语动词变为被动结构。但时态应保持一致,但人称和数的形式取决于被动语态的主语。(3把主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，有时可以省略。二、难点是:(1被动语态的用法(即何时用被动语态。(2主动语态变被动语态的方法(怎样变。三、考点是:(1一般现在时的被动语态。(2一般过去时的被动语态。(3含有情态动词的被动语态。(4将主动语态的句子变为被动语态。有关动词的语态在历年各地中考题中约占3分左右。【经典范例引路】例1IthinkEzhou-HuanggangBridgeupin2003.A.buildsB.isbuiltC.canbuildD.canbebuilt(2001年黄冈市中考题简析:此题是考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据宾语从句中主语Ezhou-HuanggangBridge与谓语buildup之间的关系，可以看出主语是动词短语buildup的承受者，要用被动语态。且根据说话人的语气，只是一种推断，表示有可能，因此要用情态动词can。故答案为D。例2DoyouknowbananasinHainan?A.growsB.isgrownC.grewD.aregrown(2001年甘肃省中考题简析:此题是考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意此句所填部分应用一般现在时，并且根据宾语从句中主语bananas与谓语动词grow之间的关系,可以看出主语bananas是谓语动词grow的承受者，因此要用被动语态。且宾语从句的主语bananas为复数。故答案为D。例3Nooneknowshowthehugerocksandwithoutourmodernmachineseighthundredyearsago.A.arecut,movedB.werecut,moveC.arecut,movingD.werecut,moved(2001年广州市中考题简析:此题是考查一般过去时的被动语态。在宾语从句中有表示过去的时间状语eighthundredyearsago,表明宾语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时。根据主语thehugerocks与谓语动词cut和move之间的关系，表明主语是谓语动词的承受者，谓语动词要用被动语态，且cut和move为并列谓语，后一个谓语应省去助动词be。且主语thehugerocks为复数。故答案为D。例4LiLeimendedthebike.(改为同义句ThebikebyLiLei.(2001年辽宁省中考题简析:此题是考查将一般过去时主动语态的句子变为被动语态。原句是主动语态,谓语动词为一般过去时,被动句中的主语是第三人称单数thebike,其答案应为wasmended。例5Kenisoftenheardtoapologizetohisteacher.(改为主动语态WeoftenKentohisteacher.(2001年深圳市中考题简析:此题是考查一般现在时被动语态的句子变为主动语态。被动句是一般现在时的被动语态,主动句中的主语是第一人称复数,谓语动词要用动词原形。并且动词hear在被动结构中后面要接带to的动词不定式，但它在主动结构中常接不带to的动词不定式。故答案为hear,apologize。【同步达纲练习】I.单项选择(选自各地中考题(1.Themedicineinadryandcoolplace.(2000年重庆市中考题A.keepB.mustkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustbekeep(2.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.(2000年天津市中考题A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive(3.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemustdowntoomanytrees.(2001年安徽省中考题A.stoptooutB.stopfromcuttingC.bestoppedtocutD.bestoppedfromcutting(4.About500carsinthefactorynextmonth.(2001年辽宁省中考题A.wereproducedB.willproduceC.havebeenproducedD.willbeproduced(5.Thekeyforlockingtheclassroomdoor.(2001年广西省中考题A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.use(6.Anewschooloverthereintwoyears.(2001年四川省中考题A.maybuildB.maybebuiltC.isbuilt(7.Themanwholivedaloneonthatislandthoughthenever.A.will,findB.would,befoundC.is,foundD.had,beenfound(8.Computersareveryuseful.Forexample,theycansendinge-mail.(电子邮件(2001年苏州市中考题A.useforB.beusedofC.beusedforD.useof(9.—Whatanicegarden!—Iteveryday.(2000年武汉市中考题A.iscleaningB.hascleanedC.mustcleanD.iscleaned(10.Thisworknextweek.(2000年广西省中考题A.mayfinishB.finishC.finishesD.maybefinished(11.Myhousein1995.Wehavelivedtherefornearlyfiveyears.(2000年广西省中考题A.wasbuildB.hasbuiltC.isbuiltD.werebuilt(12.Thelostboyearlythismorning.(2000年四川省中考题A.foundB.wasfoundedC.wasfoundD.founded(13.Thatwhitebuildingtwoyearsago,butitisquiteoldnow.(2000年河北省中考题A.builtB.wasbuiltC.isbuiltD.builds(14.Thebigtreebymymothertenyearsago.(2000年甘肃省中考题A.wasplantedB.plantedC.hasplantedD.wasplanting【综合能力训练】II.用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。.Englishwidely(useintheworld..Thesepicturesmust(keepwell..She(fallilllastnight,andshe(taketothehospitalatonce..Nowriceandwheat(growinmyhometown,too.Look!Thecrops (growfastinthefields..TheGreatWall(knowallovertheworld..thestreetlightsusually(turnonatseveninsummerevening?.thiskindofcar(produceinWuhan?.thedoctor(sendforlastnight?.Weusedateapotbeforethethermos(invent..Threechildren(takegoodcareofbythenurse..Somenewhouses(buildbythevillagersthemselves..Whatlanguage(speakinJapan?.Theblackbike(buyinthatshopthreedaysago..ThedoctorsaidJimmust(operateonatonce..Thebigtree(blowdowninthestormlastnight.【创新备考训练】III.将下列主动语态改为被动语态。.Youneedn’tdoitnow..Youmustfinishyourhomeworknow..Wecandotheworktoday..Shehaddonetheworkbytheendoflastmonth..Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine(杂志..Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday..Mybrotherisreadingthebooknow..Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996..Yesterdayweplayedfootballafterschool..PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall..Heoftenhelpshisbrother..DoyoulearnUnit8?.DoesLiLeidohishomeworkathome?.DidMissGaospeakEnglishyesterday?.WhendidMikevisitChina?.Whydoyoutellherthething?参考答案【同步达纲练习】I.1—5CCDDB6—10BBCDD11—14ACBA【综合能力训练】II.1.is,used2上ekept3.fell,wastaken4.aregrownisgrowing5.isknown6.Are,turned7.Is,produced8.Was,sent9.wasinvented10.aretaken11.werebuilt12.isspoken13.wasbought14.beoperated15.wasblown【创新备考训练】III.1.Itneedn'tbedonenow.2.Yourhomeworkmustbefinishednow.3.Theworkcanbedonebyustoday.4.Theworkhadbeendonebyherbytheendoflastmonth.5.Manystorieshavebeenwrittenbythewriterforthatmagazine.6.Hishomeworkwasbeingdonebyhimatthistimeyesterday7.Thebookisbeingreadbymybrothernow8.Thathospitalwasfoundedbythemin1996.9.Yesterdayafootballwasplayedbyasafterschool.10.TheGreatWallisknownallov