高中英语Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary课时作业含解析外研版必修

/08/8/Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina课时作业13SectionⅠIntroduction,ReadingandVocabularyⅠ.单词拼写1．Itisalmostunnecessarytosaythatthegreatbooksarethemost________(有影响的)books.2．Oneofthe____________(原则)ofsolvingproblemsistobehonest.3．The____________(重要)ofwashingone'shandsisthatitpreventsinfection.4．Therearefortystudentsintheclass,__________(平等地)dividedbetweenboysandgirls.5．Iadmiredhimbecauseofhis________(善良)toothers.6．He________(强调)theimportanceofprotectingwildlife.7．Hehasastrong________(信仰)thathecansucceedinthefuture.8．Wewillmakegreateffortstoimprovethe________(秩序)ofthetourismmarket.9．Hetoldmethathehadhadwordswiththemanagerandhadlosthis________(职位)．10．Afterthreeyearswithoutpromotion,hedecidedhe'dhadenoughand________(辞职)．答案2.principles3.importance2.principles3.importance4.equally5．kindness6.stressed7.belief8.order9.position10．resignedⅡ.单句语法填空1．Thereason________hegaveforbeinglatewas________heoversleptthismorning.2．Therewasatime________hewascrazyaboutbasketball.3．Afterfivedaysoffantasticspacetrip,thetwoastronautswalkedoutofthespaceship,________(tire)buthappy.4．Inmyopinion,weshouldn'tputtoomuchstress________him;hehimselfknowshowimportantitisforhimtodothatwell.5．Asan__________(influent)philosopherwithalotofteachings,Confuciushadagreatinfluence__________Chinesepeoplethroughgenerations.6．Theyhavedifferentreligious________(believe)．7．Hedideverythingwithafullheart.As________result,hewasalwayssuccessful.8．Everyoneofuswantstolive________peace,butsomecountriesarestill________warwitheachother.9．Thenumberofboysisequal________thatofgirlsintheclass.10．Letussupposethatyouarein________positionof________parent.Wouldyouallowyourchildtodosuchathing?11．Onlyashort-sightedmanwilllosesightofthe________(important)ofeducation.12．Whenwevisitedouroldhouse,memoriescame________(flood)back.13．Hisparentsdiedwhenhewasfiveyearsold,sohewasbrought________byhisgrandparents.14．Hebelieves________GodandgoestochurcheverySunday.15．—It'snice!Neverbefore________(Ihave)suchawonderfulmeal.—I'mhappythatyoulikeit.答案与解析1．which/that;that解析：第一空由which/that引出定语从句，作从句中的宾语；第二空that引出表语从句，无意义，也不充当句子成分。2．when解析：句意：有一段时间他对篮球很痴迷。Therewasatimewhen...曾经有一段时间，when引导定语从句修饰atime。3．tired解析：句意：经过五天神奇的太空之旅，两名宇航员走出了宇宙飞船，很累但却很开心。此处选项应是说明主语的状态的，故用形容词短语作伴随状语。4．on解析：putstressonsb.“给某人施加压力”。5．influential;on解析：influentialadj.表示“有影响力的”，haveaninfluenceon表示“对……有影响”。6．beliefs解析：belief“信仰”。7．a解析：asaresult“结果”。句意：他全身心去做一切，结果，他总是成功的。8．in;at解析：inpeace“平静的(地)；安静的(地)”，此处也可用peacefully;atwar处于交战状态。9．to解析：beequalto“与……一样”。10．the;a解析：inthepositionof“处于……的位置”；第二空为“数量一”，用a。11．importance解析：importance“重要，重要性”。句意：目光短浅的人看不到教育的重要性。12．flooding解析：考查现在分词作方式状语。13．up解析：bringup“养大，抚养”。句意：他五岁时父母双亡，因此他由祖父母抚养。14．in解析：believein“信仰”。句意：他信仰上帝并且每个周日去做礼拜。15．haveIhad解析：never等否定副词置于句首，句子采用部分倒装。Ⅰ.阅读理解ChoosingtheRightResolution(决定)MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput，weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(输入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch，”or“I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激励),includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer'sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertainbooks，ontheotherhand，isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit'seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé，forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun，thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.1．Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause________.A．itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB．itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC．itisdependentontoomanythingsD．itisbasedonactionabledecisions2．InRolandFryer'sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause________.A．theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB．theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC．theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD．theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks3．Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A．“I'llgiveupdessert.”B．“I'llstudyharder.”C．“I'llcutdownmyexpenses.”D．“I'llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”4．Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould________.A．developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB．beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC．pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD．setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput答案与解析本文是一篇议论文。制定好目标后，我们应该怎样实现它呢？是夸下海口还是脚踏实地养成好习惯，从而实现自己的目标呢？文章就这一问题展开议论。1．B细节理解题。作者提到“将减肥作为一种目标是一个错误”，因为“减肥需要我们控制所吃的食物，但往往我们只注重输出(结果)，而不去控制输入”。故选B项。2．D细节理解题。根据第三段中RolandFryer的调查结果可知，基于“输入”激励让学生取得的成就更大，而“输出”激励对学生却没有什么影响，且“输入”在第三段的实验中指“读书”，故答案为D项。3．A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution：‘I'llstophavingdessertforlunch.’”可知，A项正确。4．C作者观点题。文章第二段提到了anactionableresolution，倒数第二段提到了awell-specifiedaction-basedgoal和anactionablehabit，再由第二段的最后一句以及标题“选择正确的决定”也可以看出作者是赞成具体行动的，故答案为C项。Ⅱ.阅读填句HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience，youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview，youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourpathforward.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.1．__1__Thatmightsoundproud，butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyourself.It'slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild，IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin，itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife，thehighestgoalisn'tsimplytowin；it'stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.__2__2．Takerisks.Tomakeahugesuccess，ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience，youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.__3__Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.3．Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings，andthenleaveyoualone.I'mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.__4__It'sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon'twanttobewithotherscientists—youhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors，evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis：__5__A．Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.B．Ifyoucan'tstandtobewithyourrealpeers，getoutofscience.C．Putanotherway，it'stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D．Besureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E．Avoidfoolishpeople.F．Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.G．Besides，youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.答案与解析1．E根据后一句话可知，作者认为只有和比自己强的人在一起才能学到东西，所以建议和比你自己更聪明的人在一起，而不要和愚蠢的人在一起，虽然这听起来很骄傲。故选E。2．C根据前一句话可知，作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中，最高的目标不是简单地去获胜；而是为了成功地做好一些非常困难的事情。换句话说就是，要通过克服困难而超越自己的能力，使自己变得名列前茅。该项是对前一句话的进一步解释。3．G根据前一句话可知，作者认为如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃，很有可能你就要勇于打破常规。此外，甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄。也就是要勇于怀疑权威。4．F根据前一句话中的“dowellinsomethingIdislike”提示可知，该题答案为F。表明在科学研究中，对于自己不喜欢的事情人们做不好，但是对于自己喜欢的事情人们也不一定做好。5．B根据前一段的内容可知，作者建议要和其他科学家交流，从而发现自己忽略的关键事实。甚至要和你的竞争对手交流，即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说，如果你无法忍受与你真正的同龄人在一起这样做，你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。Ⅲ.语法填空ThereisawonderfulstoryaboutJimmyDurante,oneofgreatsingers.__1__(ask)tobeapartofashowforsomeoldWorldWarⅡsoldiers,hetoldthemhewasverybusyandhecouldaffordonlyafewminutes,__2__hewouldcomeiftheywouldn'tmindhissingingoneshortsongandimmediatelyleavingforhisnextappointment.Ofcourse,theshow'sdirectoragreed__3__(happy)．ButwhenJimmygotonstage,somethingsurprisinghappened.Hewentthrough__4__shortsongandthenstayed.Theapplausegrewlouderandlouderandhekept__5__(stay).Prettysoon,hehadbeenonstage__6__fifteen,twenty,andthenthirtyminutes.Oneofhis__7__(assist)behindthestagestoppedhimandsaid，“Ithoughtyouhadtogoafterafewminutes.Whathappened？”Jimmyanswered，“Ididhavetogo,butIcanshowyouthereasonwhyIstayed.Youcanseefor__8__(you)ifyoulookatthefrontrow.”Inthefrontrowweretwomen,bothof__9__hadlostanarminthewar.Onehadlosthisrightarmandtheothe