高二英语unit2-grammar优选课件

Unit22020/10/181LearningAims:1.Tolearnthe–edformusedasAttributeandPredicative2020/10/182Fillingtheblankswithproperwordsandphrases:Whichofthenewsmediaaboveisthemost______(最可靠)?2.那个人被解雇了。______________3.Theman____________(面对困难).4.Thetemperaturehas________(上升).5.Thesehouses(were)_________(烧毁)bytheenemy.6.Alibraryis________(不仅仅)justaplacewherebooksarestored.7.作出明智的决定_______________________8.Ithinkwemay_____thesetwoaccident___(把…与…联系起来)hiscarelessness.reliableThemanwasfired.

facesdifficulties

goneup

burneddownmorethan

makeinformeddecisionsrelateto

2020/10/18310.转换角色_____________switchroles就这(那)一次_____________foronce11.Theywerecrying_________(而不是)singing.12.阐述故事情节__________________13.Mr.John______________(颁奖)atthemeeting.Mirrors______(反射)light.读关于…的文章,获悉_________Manystudents___________(沉溺于)computergames.苦于,患…病___________对…加以注意,把注意力吸引到…上来

__________________________________19.Theproblemisbeyondmy_____________(理解力).20.在各方面,到处_______________

ratherthan

developthestorypresented

theprizesreflect

readaboutare

addictedto

sufferfrom

draw/attract/catch(one’s)attentiontounderstanding

onallsides2020/10/184REVISION2020/10/185ChinaisadevelopingcountrybelongingtotheThirdWorld.一)作定语

①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。

唱歌的男孩在酒吧里唱歌的男孩asingingboyaboysinginginthebar2020/10/186站在门边的同志是谁？1.Whoisthecomradestandingbythedoor?

Whoisthecomradethatisstandingbythedoor?他们住在一所朝南的房子里2.TheylivedinahousefacingsouthTheylivedinahousewhichisfacingsouth.2020/10/1872.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.高考题2020/10/188二)作补语：①--ing分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：

Inoticed

amanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。

Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。

１．感官动词和使役动词2020/10/189能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词have、keep、leave、make、（四让）lookat、see、watch、（三看）hear、listento、（两听）findcatch、（两发现）notice、（一注意）feel、(一感觉）2020/10/1810②上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，-ing分词可看成是主语补语。Wewerekeptwaitingforquitealongtime.

让我们等了好长时间。

Jilywasneverheardsingingthatsongagain.

人们再也没有听到吉丽唱这首歌了。

2020/10/1811作状语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（时间）Beingill,hewenthome.（原因）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（结果）Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴随）

Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(条件）2020/10/1812-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：

主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone2.-ing分词的一般式和完成式：

-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。Theytalkedaboutthelifeofuniversity,sittingontheground。

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。

同时之前2020/10/1813-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.

不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。

2020/10/18143.-ing分词的被动式：

-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有：一般被动式(beingdone)完成被动式(havingbeendone)。如：１．Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

正在被讨论的问题很重要。

2．Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.

被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。

2020/10/1815grammar2020/10/1816LearningAims1.Reviewthewordsappearinginthisunit.2.LearnandmastertheuseofthePastParticipleasAttributeandPredicative.3.Dosomeexercisesforfurtherunderstanding.2020/10/1817ThePastParticiple:过去分词Form:规则动词的过去分词---v-ed不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则Function:

1.作定语(Attribute)2.作表语(Predicative)一般来说,过去分词含有“完成”或“被动”的双重意义.B.被动意义Anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人A.完成意义Aretiredteacher一位退休的教师Meaning:2020/10/1818PastParticipleasAttribute:1.单个过去分词作定语,一般放在名词的前面.注意点:过去分词修饰something,nothing,somebody等不定代词或指示代词those时,要放在这些词的后面.fallenleaves

arisensun已升起的太阳

boiledwaterabrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯1.Heisoneofthoseinvited.2.nothingreported(inthenewspaper)

interestedhim.2020/10/1819thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry（正在变化的）（变化了的）（正在沸腾的）（已经沸腾过的）(正在凋谢的)(已经凋谢的）(发展中的)(发达的）2020/10/1820

inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcerned在既定的时间内用所给的单词被通缉的人招聘工人关切的神情有关人士有些过去分词作前置定语或后置定语时意义不同.2020/10/1821PastParticipleasAttribute:2.如果是过去分词短语作定语,要放在名词的后面,其功能相当于一个定语从句.Welivedinthehouse

builtbymyfather.Welivedinthehousewhichwasbuiltbymyfather.2020/10/1822

过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

ThebikewhichhadbeenstolenbelongstoJack.

ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.

2020/10/1823过去分词与现在分词的区别：1语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动aninspiringspeech

theinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众Thefallingleavesthefallenleaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）2020/10/18242时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”1.Doyouknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree?2.Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.3.Thewheatiswateredbywater_____(bring)fromapond.4.Heisaleader________(respect)bythepeople.lyingsellingbroughtrespected2020/10/18253及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdayTheproblembeingdiscussed

4.过去分词（done）与现在分词的完成被动式（havingbeendone）都表示“完成”和“被动”，但前者的时间性不变，而后者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。1.Heisateacher_____(respect)byall.2.______(tell)tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturnedtohisvillage.respectedHavingbeentold2020/10/1826PRACTISING2020/10/1827Thetelegram

thatwassentbymysister

broughtthenewsofmydeargrandma’sdeath.2.Let’strythebookstore

thatwasopenedlastmonth.3.Nineoutoftenwomen

whowereinterviewedabouttheproductsaidtheylikedit.The

telegramsentbymysisterbroughtthenewsofmydeargrandma’sdeath.Let’strythebookstoreopenedlastmonth.Nineoutoftenwomeninterviewedabouttheproductsaidtheylikeit.2020/10/18284.Thethreeguns,whichhadbeenstolenfromthepolicestation,werefoundinthehouse.5.Idon’tlikegoingtosupermarketsthatlocatedinthecenterofthetown.Thethreeguns,stolenfromthepolicestation,werefoundinthehouse.Idon’tlikegoingtosupermarketslocatedinthecenterofthetown.2020/10/1829PastParticipleasPredicative:过去分词作表语,无“被动”的意思,只是表示主语的状态或思想感情等,结构为:befeel//look/seem/get/become+done2020/10/1830常见作表语的过去分词有：amazed,disappointed,excited,interested,moved,pleased,satisfied,surprised等。2020/10/1831ForexampleShelookedworried.Iaminterestedinthebook.Hewaslostinthought.Thedoorremainedlocked.2020/10/1832(1)Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.(2)Theglassis

broken.

Theglassis

brokenby

Tomlastnight.(表示状态)(表示动作)注:过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一谈.(1)用作表语的过去分词,主要表示一种状态,此时相当于一个形容词.(2)用作被动语态的过去分词,句子的主语是动作的承受者,后常跟by短语.2020/10/1833有的已成为固定搭配：becoveredwithbelostinthoughtbecaughtintherainbeseparatedfrombeinterestedin被……覆盖陷入沉思被雨淋从……分离对…感兴趣2020/10/1834区别2020/10/18352)、过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别；V-ing——一般表主动或主语的性质和特性，“令人......”主语多为物PP——主语的感受或状态，“感到......”主语多为人EG：

Howdisappointed

hefeltattheresultoftheelection(他感到失望）

Howdisappointingheis.Heshouldnothavefailedinsuchanelection(他令人失望）2020/10/1836interestinginterestedexcitingexciteddelightingdelighteddisappointingdisappointedencouragingencouragedpleasingpleasedsatisfyingsatisfiedpuzzlingpuzzledsurprisingsurprisedworryingworried

使人感兴趣的感兴趣的

令人激动的感到激动的令人高兴的感到高兴的令人失望的感到失望的令人鼓舞的感到鼓舞的令人愉快的感到愉快的令人满意的感到满意的令人费解的感到费解的令人惊异的感到惊异的令人担心的感到担心的2020/10/1837

在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间)Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.Thejobdone,wewenthome.Thecompositionwritten,hehandedittotheteacher.2020/10/1838CHOOSETHEBESTANSWER2020/10/1839Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(NMET2002)A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET‘94)HavingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written2020/10/1840过去分词的否定形式：notdone3.思考：_______inthecountry,hefoundeverythinginthecountrysideinteresting.NotbringingupNotbroughtupC.BeingnotbroughtupD.Havingnotbroughtup2020/10/18412.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying2020/10/1842differences:Areporterbeginsbycontactingthepeople

tobe

interviewed

andthenpreparesquestions.Mostoftheartists

invited

tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.Didyouseetheboy

beingquestioned

bythepolice?过去分词作定语表示一个完成的被动作。现在分词被动式作定语表示一个正在进行的被动动作。不定式的被动式作定语表示一个将来的被动动作。2020/10/1843Grammarexercisesinthebook2020/10/1844P.13Ex.1PastParticipleusedasAttribute:experiencedinformedtalentedorganizedstolenaddictedprintedPastParticipleusedasPredicative:neededrespectedtolerated2020/10/1845P.14Ex.2informeddecisions=decisionsthatarebasedoninformationtalentedjournalists=journalistswhoaretalentedanorganizedway=awaywhichisorganizedstolenculturalrelics=culturalrelicsthatwerestolen2020/10/1846P.14Ex.3Thetelegramsentbymysisterbroughtthenewsofmydeargrandma’sdeath.Let’strythebookstoreopenedlastmonth.Nineoutoftenwomeninterviewedabouttheproductsaidtheylikedit.Thethreegunsstolenfromthepolicestationswerefoundinthehouse.Idon’tlikegoingtosupermarketslocatedinthecentreofthetown.2020/10/1847Excises4onP.14,

Thethreeinjuredstudentsweresenttohospital.Someusedtextbooksweregiventothestudentsinthecountryside.3.Tomcan’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisbrokenleg.4.Thepublishednovelisabest-seller.5.Thenewlybuiltresearchcenterisverybeautiful.2020/10/1848P.91Ex.2ThemanwhoisdisturbingtheotherworkersiscalledJamesSmith.-Jamesisdisturbingtheothers.

ThemanwhoisbeingdisturbedbytheotherworkersiscalledJamesSmith.-TheothersaredisturbingJames.2020/10/18492.TheteenagerswhowerediscussingtheeventintheTVtalkshowwereallschoolchildren.TheteenagerswereonTV.

TheteenagerswhowerebeingdiscussedonTVtalkshowwereallschoolchildren.-PeopleonTVaretalkingabouttheteenagers.2020/10/18503.Thedriverwhoinformedusoftheaccidentquithisjobaweeklater.Thedrivertoldustheaccident.

Thedriverwhowasinformedoftheaccidentquithisjobaweeklater.-Someonetoldthedriverabouttheaccident.2020/10/18514.IhadalreadymetthemanwhointerviewedmebeforeIcamehere.Themanisthepersonwhoaskedmequestions.

IhadalreadymetthemanwhowasinterviewedbythebossbeforeIcamehere.-Themanisthepersonwhoansweredtheboss’squestions.2020/10/18525.Doyouhappentoknowthehostwhoispresentingtheprofessor?Thehostisthepersonwhotellspeopleab