英国文学课件

JuliusCaesar

WilliamShakespeare'shistoricalplayWhois

JuliusCaesar?WhoisBrutus?WhoisMarkAntony?WhathappenstoJuliusCaesar?JuliusCaesar(100BC-44BC)

wasapoliticianandgeneralofthelateRomanrepublic,whogreatlyextendedtheRomanempirebeforeseizingpowerandmakinghimselfdictatorofRome,pavingthewayfortheimperialsystem.TheFirstTriumvirateconsistsofJuliusCaesar,Cassius,andPompeyMarcusBrutuswasaRomansenatorofthelateRomanRepublic.HeisbestknowninmoderntimesfortakingaleadingroleintheassassinationconspiracyagainstJuliusCaesar

AntonywasadaringgeneralinthearmyofJuliusCaesarwhorosetobecomeoneofCaesar'sclosestcolleagues.AfterCaesar'sassassination,AntonyformedanofficialpoliticalalliancewithOctavian(Augustus)andLepidus,knowntohistorianstodayastheSecondTriumvirate.TheDeathof

JuliusCaesarThesummaryofJuliusCaesar

JuliusCaesarBrutusCassiusMarkAntonyThisdramaisoneofthegreattragedythemedplaysbyWilliamShakespeare.JuliusCaesarisahighlyambitiouspoliticalleaderinRomeandhisaimistobecomedictator.Caesariswarnedthathemust"bewaretheIdesofMarch".TheprophecycomestrueandCaesarisassassinatedduetotheplottingofMarcusBrutusandCassius.ThefriendofJuliusCaesar,MarkAntony,providesthefamousfuneraloration("Friends,Romans,andcountrymen…")BrutusandCassiusmeettheirinevitabledefeatwhichplungesthecountryintocivilwar.

TheIdesofMarch(Latin:Idus

Martiae)isthenameofthedate15MarchintheRomancalendar.Thetermideswasusedforthe15thdayofthemonthsofMarch,May,July,andOctober,andthe13thdayoftheothereightmonths.[1]InRomantimes,theIdesofMarchwasafestivedaydedicatedtothegodMarsandamilitaryparadewasusuallyheld.Inmoderntimes,thetermIdesofMarchisbestknownasthedatethatJuliusCaesarwasassassinated,in44BC,thestoryofwhichwasfamouslydramatisedinWilliamShakespeare'splayJuliusCaesar.[2]Thetermhascometobeusedasametaphorforimpendingdoom.Brutus’sspeechBepatienttillthelast.

Romans,countrymen,andlovers!hearmeformycause,andbesilent,thatyoumayhear:believemeforminehonour,andhaverespecttominehonour,thatyoumaybelieve:censuremeinyourwisdom,andawakeyoursenses,thatyoumaythebetterjudge.Iftherebeanyinthisassembly,anydearfriendofCaesar's,tohimIsay,thatBrutus'lovetoCaesarwasnolessthanhis.IfthenthatfrienddemandwhyBrutusroseagainstCaesar,thisismyanswer:

--NotthatIlovedCaesarless,butthatIlovedRomemore.HadyouratherCaesarwerelivinganddieallslaves,thanthatCaesarweredead,toliveallfreemen?AsCaesarlovedme,Iweepforhim;ashewasfortunate,Irejoiceatit;ashewasvaliant,Ihonourhim:but,ashewasambitious,Islewhim.Thereistearsforhislove;joyforhisfortune;honourforhisvalour;anddeathforhisambition.因为凯撒爱我，所以我为他流泪；因为他是幸运的，所以我为他欣慰；因为他是勇敢的，所以我尊敬他；因为他有野心，所以我杀死他。我用眼泪报答他的友谊，用喜悦庆祝他的幸运，用尊敬崇扬他的勇敢，用死亡惩戒他的野心。ParallelstructureParallelstructuremeansusingthesamepatternofwordstoshowthattwoormoreideashavethesamelevelofimportance.Thiscanhappenattheword,phrase,orclauselevel.toevokeanemotionalresponseintheaudience.Theseemotionalresponsesarecentraltothemeaningoftheworkorspeech,andshouldalsogettheaudience'sattention.Whoisheresobasethatwouldbea

bondman?Ifany,speak;forhimhaveIoffended.

WhoisheresorudethatwouldnotbeaRoman?Ifany,speak;forhimhaveIoffended.Whoisheresovilethatwillnotlovehiscountry?Ifany,speak;forhimhaveIoffended.Ipauseforareply.

EnterANTONYandothers,withCAESAR'sbody

Brutus:Herecomeshisbody,mournedbyMarkAntony:who,thoughhehadnohandinhisdeath,shallreceivethebenefitofhisdying,aplaceinthecommonwealth;aswhichofyoushallnot?WiththisIdepart,--that,asIslewmybestloverforthegoodofRome,Ihavethesamedaggerformyself,whenitshallpleasemycountrytoneedmydeath.

ThepurposeofBrutus’sspeech

1.topersuadetheaudiencethatCaesar'smurderwasjustified.2.tointroduceMarkAntony.MarkAntony’sspeechFriends,Romans,countrymen,lendmeyourears;

IcometoburyCaesar,nottopraisehim.

Theevilthatmendolivesafterthem;

Thegoodisoftinterredwiththeirbones;

SoletitbewithCaesar.ThenobleBrutus

HathtoldyouCaesarwasambitious:

Ifitwereso,itwasagrievousfault,

AndgrievouslyhathCaesaranswer'dit.

Here,underleaveofBrutusandtherest--

ForBrutusisanhonourableman;

Soaretheyall,allhonourablemen--

ComeItospeakinCaesar'sfuneral.

Hewasmyfriend,faithfulandjusttome:

ButBrutussayshewasambitious;

AndBrutusisanhonourableman.

HehathbroughtmanycaptiveshometoRome

Whoseransomsdidthegeneralcoffersfill:

DidthisinCaesarseemambitious?

Whenthatthepoorhavecried,Caesarhathwept:

Ambitionshouldbemadeofsternerstuff:

YetBrutussayshewasambitious;

AndBrutusisanhonourableman.

YoualldidseethatontheLupercal

Ithricepresentedhimakinglycrown,

Whichhedidthricerefuse:wasthisambition?

YetBrutussayshewasambitious;

And,sure,heisanhonourableman.

IspeaknottodisprovewhatBrutusspoke,

ButhereIamtospeakwhatIdoknow.

Youalldidlovehimonce,notwithoutcause:

Whatcausewithholdsyouthen,tomournforhim?

Ojudgment!thouartfledtobrutishbeasts,

Andmenhavelosttheirreason.Bearwithme;

MyheartisinthecoffintherewithCaesar,

AndImustpausetillitcomebacktome.

ButyesterdaythewordofCaesarmight

Havestoodagainsttheworld;nowlieshethere.

Andnonesopoortodohimreverence.

Omasters,ifIweredisposedtostir

Yourheartsandmindstomutinyandrage,

IshoulddoBrutuswrong,andCassiuswrong,

Who,youallknow,arehonourablemen:

Iwillnotdothemwrong;Iratherchoose

Towrongthedead,towrongmyselfandyou,

ThanIwillwrongsuchhonourablemen.

Buthere'saparchmentwiththesealofCaesar;

Ifounditinhiscloset,'tishiswill:

Letbutthecommonshearthistestament--

Which,pardonme,Idonotmeantoread--

AndtheywouldgoandkissdeadCaesar'swounds

Anddiptheirnapkinsinhissacredblood,

Yea,begahairofhimformemory,

And,dying,mentionitwithintheirwills,

Bequeathingitasarichlegacy

Untotheirissue.Ifyouhavetears,preparetoshedthemnow.

Youalldoknowthismantle:Iremember

ThefirsttimeeverCaesarputiton;

'Twasonasummer'sevening,inhistent,

ThatdayheovercametheNervii:

Look,inthisplaceranCassius'daggerthrough:

SeewhatarenttheenviousCascamade:

Throughthisthewell-belovedBrutusstabb'd;

Andashepluck'dhiscursedsteelaway,

MarkhowthebloodofCaesarfollow'dit,

Asrushingoutofdoors,toberesolved

IfBrutussounkindlyknock'd,orno;

IfBrutussounkindlyknock'd,orno;

ForBrutus,asyouknow,wasCaesar'sangel:

Judge,Oyougods,howdearlyCaesarlovedhim!

Thiswasthemostunkindestcutofall;

ForwhenthenobleCaesarsawhimstab,

Ingratitude,morestrongthantraitors'arms,

Quitevanquish'dhim:thenbursthismightyheart;

And,inhismantlemufflinguphisface,

EvenatthebaseofPompey'sstatua,

Whichallthewhileranblood,greatCaesarfell.

O,whatafallwasthere,mycountrymen!

ThenI,andyou,andallofusfelldown,

Whilstbloodytreasonflourish'doverus.

O,nowyouweep;and,Iperceive,youfeel

Thedintofpity:thesearegraciousdrops.

Kindsouls,what,weepyouwhenyoubutbehold

OurCaesar'svesturewounded?Lookyouhere,

Hereishimself,marr'd,asyousee,withtraitors.

ThedeathofJuliusCaesarGoodfriends,sweetfriends,letmenotstiryouup

Tosuchasuddenfloodofmutiny.

Theythathavedonethisdeedarehonourable:

Whatprivategriefstheyhave,alas,Iknownot,

Thatmadethemdoit:theyarewiseandhonourable,

Andwill,nodoubt,withreasonsansweryou.

Icomenot,friends,tos