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第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区高二(下)期末英语试卷一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共30.0分)AFourunusualfestivalsaroundtheworldWifeCarryingCompetition—Sonkajärvi,Finland

Althoughtheexactoriginsofthetraditionareunknownbecauseofitslonghistory,buttoday,wifecarryingispracticedaroundtheworld.Participants(参与者)areallowedtocarrytheirwivesinvariousways—includingpiggybackorfireman'scarrying.Theprizeisawardedbasedonthewife'sweightinbeer.

MonkeyBuffet(自助餐)Festival—Lopburi,Thailand

Youmayconsiderhowamonkeywouldtaste,butthisisabuffetformonkeys.ThelocalmonkeysintheLopburiaregiftedwithafeastoftonsoffruits,vegetables,cakes,andcandieseveryNovember.Afterthemonkeysaregiventheirtreat,youthsdressedupasmonkeysperformdances.Thefestivalfirstoccurredin1989,runbyalocalbusinessmantodriveuptourisminLopburi.Luckilyforhimandthemonkeys,itworked.

MudFestival—Boryeong,ROK

Thefestivalisnothistoricbyanymeans—thefirstonetookplacein1998—anditwasoriginallycreatedasamarketingeventforBoryeongmudcosmetics(化妆品).ThemudfromtheBoryeongisconsideredrichinnaturalmineralsandisusedtomakebeautyproducts.Popularactivitiesincludeamudpool,mudslidesandmudskiing.

TomatoFestival—Bunol,Valencia,Spain

ThefestivalhasrunannuallyinAugustduringaweeklongcelebrationinBunolsince1945,whenanoisycrowdtookthetomatoesfromavegetablestallandstartedafoodfight.Thehour-longtomatofightusedupabout145,000kgoftomatoesin2015.Since2013ithasbeenaticketedeventtolimitparticipantstojust20,000.1.WhatwillyougetifyouwintheWifeCarryingCompetition?______A.Awife. B.Lotsofmoney. C.Apig. D.Lotsofbeer.2.WhatisthepurposeofcreatingMonkeyBuffetFestival?______A.Totastethemonkey. B.Topromotemudmakeups.

C.Todeveloptourism. D.Tosellouttomatoes.3.Whichfestivalislikelytohavetheshortesthistory?______A.WifeCarryingCompetition. B.MudFestival.

C.MonkeyBuffetFestival. D.TomatoFestival.BAlanMathisonTuringwasborninEnglandin1912.Likemanytalentswhogoontogreatthings,Turingshowedhisincredibleintelligencefromaveryyoungage.Infact,bythetimehewashalfwaythroughprimaryschool,Turing'steachershadalreadyrealizedhewasamathematicalgenius.Hecoulddocomplexcalculatinginhisheadeventhoughhehadneverbeentaughtaboutit.

Fortunately,TuringwastheoppositeofHawking,andheabsolutelylovedschool.Proofofthisistheextremelengthshewouldgojusttogettoclass.Forexample,ononeoccasionwhentherewasatrainstrike,Turingevencycled60milestoattend.Nowthat'sdevotion!

However,inspiteofTuring'sscholarlyattitudeandhisobviousgenius,histeachershadtheirconcernsabouthisfuture.Thisisbecausewell-knownschoolsinBritainliketheonesTuringattendedregardedtheClassics,suchasLatinandGreekasthemostimportant,notsubjectslikemathsandscience.Turing'sproudteachersevenwroteletterstohisparentsaskingthemtoconvincetheyoungmantofocusmoreontheClassics.ImaginehowdifferenttheworldmightbeiftheyoungTuringhadlistenedtohisteachers!Thankfully,hisloveforallthingsscientificandmathematicalmeanttherewasnochanceofthat.

Afterfinishingsecondaryschool,TuringcompletedadegreeinmathematicsatKing'sCollegeCambridge,andthenobtainedhisPhDfromPrincetonUniversityintheUSA.ItwasduringtheseuniversityyearsthatheinventedtheTuringMachine,whichisconsideredbymanypeopletobetheearliestversionofacomputerprocessingunit.Itsoundsunbelievablethatanybodycouldhaveinventedsomethingwhichwassimilartoacomputerin1936.ButthatjustshowshowfaraheadofhistimeAlanTuringwas,evenwhenhewasstillayoungman.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTuringaccordingtoparagraphs1-2?______A.HemaintainedinterestintheClassics.

B.Herejectedattendingfamousschools.

C.Heshowedastrongdesireforschooling.

D.Heignoredparents'adviceoncourseselection.5.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheTuringMachine?______A.Hearguesit'sstilllimitedinmanyfunctions.

B.Hethinksit'sinfluentialincomputerhistory.

C.Hedoubtsifitistrulyinventedbyayoungman.

D.Heconsiderstheconstructionofsuchmachinesimpossible.6.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?______A.Toindicatethelinkbetweengeniusandsuccess.

B.ToillustratetheinventionoftheTuringMachine.

C.Tostresstheimpactofteachers'guidanceonTuring'slife.

D.TointroduceTuring'sgenius,scholarlyattitudeandachievement.7.WhatdoesTuring'sstorytellus?______A.Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.

B.Ordinarypeoplehope,whiletalentedpeoplecreate.

C.Contentedwithlittle,yetwishingformore.

D.Chancesfavorthemindsthatareprepared.CTheAustralianKoalaFoundationsaysAustraliahaslostabout30percentofitskoalasoverthepastthreeyears.Thenon-profitgroupsaysdrought(干旱),wildfiresanddevelopmentprojectsplayedapartinthedropinthekoalapopulation.Theyareaskingthegovernmenttodomoretoprotectthecreature'senvironment.

Thegroupsaidthekoalapopulationhasdroppedtolessthan58,000thisyearfrommorethan80,000in2018.Thebiggestdecrease(减少)wasinthestateofNewSouthWales,wherethenumbershavedroppedby41percent.DeborahTabartleadstheAustralianKoalaFoundation.Shecalledthedropquitehuge.Onlyoneareainthestudywasestimated(预估)tohavemorethan5,000koalas.Someareaswereestimatedtohaveasfewasfiveorten.

Tabartsaid,"Whatwe'reconcernedaboutareplaceslikewesternNewSouthWaleswherethedroughtoverthelasttenyearshasjusthadthiscumulative(积累)effect,riversystemscompletelydryforyears,andredgumplants,whicharethelifebloodofkoalas,aredead."ThelossinNewSouthWaleslikelyspedupafterlargeforestareasweredestroyedbywildfiresinlate2019andearly2020.Butsomeofthoseareasalreadyhadnokoalas.

Tabartsaidthecountryneedsakoalaprotectionlaw.Landclearingbypropertydevelopersandroadbuildershasalsodestroyedthekoala'senvironment."Ithinkeveryonegetsitthatwe'vegottochange.Butifthosebulldozers(推土机)keepworking,thenIreallyfearforthekoalas,"Tabartsaid.8.Howdidtheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?______A.Bygivingnumbers. B.Bytellingstories.

C.Byfollowingthetimeorder. D.Bycomparingopinions.9.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3?______A.Theharmtokoalasfromwildfires.

B.Thebadeffectofdevelopment.

C.Thedeathofvarioustrees.

D.Somecausesofthedecreaseinkoalas.10.WhatdidTabartmainlysuggestinordertoprotectkoalas?______A.Fightingagainstclimatechange.

B.Makingaspeciallaw.

C.Stoppinghousingbuilding.

D.Keepingwildfiresfromspreading.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.Australia'sWildAnimalsAreFacingBigDanger.

B.EffectsofAustralia'sWildfiresAreBeginningtoShowUp.

C.AustraliaLostOne-ThirdofItsKoalasinLastThreeYears.

D.KoalasinAustraliaCouldDisappearfromtheEarthintheFuture.DThesedays,itseemslikeeveryonewantstogooutintospaceandliveonnewplanets.Ratherthandependonanotherpre-existingplanet,couldwemakeanew,properplanetourselves?

Tostartwith,ifwe'dwanttobelivingonit,weshouldfindagoodplaceinspacetoputthenewplanet.We'dwantittobeinahabitablezone,meaningtheplanetshouldbeattherightdistancefromitsstartomakesuretherewouldbeperfecttemperaturesandmostimportantly,liquid(液态的)water.

We'dalsoneedtherightmaterialstomaketheplanet.OurEarthismadeupofmanydifferentelements(元素).Ifwemadeourownnewplanet,we'dprobablywantittohavesimilarelementsandasimilarstructure.We'dalsowantenoughwatertoformsomeoceans.Butevenifwegetallofthematerials,creatinganewplanetlikeEarthcouldhavemanytroubles.Itmightbesomethingmorelikeahugespacestation.Itwouldbeprettyexpensiveifwewantedittobesuperbig.

Wewouldprobablyalsoneedalotoffood,sincethere'sgoingtobemanyscientistsandastronautsoutinspaceworkingonthisproject!AccordingtoNASA,eachastronautusesabout0.83kilogramsoffoodpermeal,including0.12kilogramsofpackagingmaterial.Withouttheweightofthepackagingmaterial,we'dneedabout780kilogramsoffoodjusttofeedoneastronautforayear.

Puttingallthesetogethercouldmakeitpossibletomakeourownplanetoneday!Inreality,creatinganewplanetwouldprobablyrequireaverymoderntechnologyandtherewouldbetonsofotherthingstothinkabout.Andifthisisevenpossible,itlikelywon'thappenforaverylongtime.12.What'sthefirstthingweshoulddoifwewanttocreateanewplanet?______A.Toprepareenoughfood.

B.Tofindaproperplacetosettheplanet.

C.Todesignitsinnerstructure.

D.TocollectmaterialssimilartoourEarth.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?______A.OurEarth. B.Outerspace.

C.Theoceanwater. D.Thenewplanet.14.Howmuchfooddoesanastronautactuallyeateachmeal?______A.About0.71kilograms. B.About0.83kilograms.

C.About0.12kilograms. D.About0.95kilograms.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcreatingaplanet?______A.Itisawasteofmoneyandtime.

B.ItshouldbeoneofNASA'snextplans.

C.Itwon'tcometrueinthenearfuture.

D.Itisnotagoodideaforhumans.二、完形填空(本大题共20小题,共30.0分)OnSeptember3,1928,AlexanderFlemingwashardatwork.His(1)______wastostudybacteriainalab.Whileworking,Flemingfoundmold(霉菌)ononeofhisPetridishes.Andwhenhelooked(2)______,hesawsomething(3)______.Thebacteriahestudiedwerealso(4)______alloverthedish,buttheyweren'tgrowingonthespotsthathadmold.He(5)______whetherthebacteriaweredrivenawaybythemold.Aftermoretests,Flemingfoundthatitwasdoingjustthat.Andhelearnedthatthemoldwasa(6)______calledPenicillin.

Flemingbelievedthathecouldturnthemoldintomedicineto(7)______infections.Thismedicinewastheworld'sfirstantibiotic(抗生素).Flemingfirst(8)______it"moldjuice".Later,he(9)______thenameto"penicillin".Soon,ateamatOxfordUniversity(10)______tohelp.ScientistsHowardFlorey,ErnstChainandNormanHeatleyworkedwithFleming.Together,theyfurther(11)______penicillin.

Thefirstpatienttreatedwiththenewdrughadabad(12)______.HisnamewasAlbertAlexander.Afterafew(13)______withpenicillin,hefeltmuchbetter.However,they(14)______themedicine.Theinfectioncameback,and(15)______Alexanderpassedaway.Still,thedoctorshadlearnedthatpenicillincouldfightbacteria.Theyjustneededto(16)______moreofit.Later,FloreyandChainflewtotheUnitedStates.There,theyfoundwaystogrowthemold(17)______.Startingin1942,penicillinwasusedtotreatWorldWarⅡsoldiers.

Atthattime,diseaseswerejustas(18)______forsoldiersatwarasenemyforceswere.Bacterialpneumonia(肺炎)alone(19)______18%ofAmericansoldierstodieinthefirstWorldWar.Thankstopenicillin,that(20)______tolessthanonepercentinWorldWarⅡ.

Thefourscientistssavedlivesandchangedtheworldofmedicineforever.Today,antibioticsareusedtotreatmanyillnesses.16.

A.ambition B.dream C.job D.success17.

A.closely B.quickly C.simply D.gently18.

A.unusual B.disappointing C.formal D.alarming19.

A.producing B.growing C.posting D.sharing20.

A.demanded B.confirmed C.judged D.wondered21.

A.organization B.species C.tissue D.type22.

A.research B.split C.fight D.cross23.

A.found B.named C.listed D.recorded24.

A.seized B.changed C.added D.gave25.

A.setoff B.camedown C.steppedin D.gotback26.

A.developed B.updated C.combined D.identified27.

A.operation B.experience C.memory D.infection28.

A.strategies B.collections C.treatments D.services29.

A.ranoutof B.triedout C.calledfor D.brokeawayfrom30.

A.especially B.unfortunately C.possibly D.commonly31.

A.test B.replace C.invent D.make32.

A.further B.earlier C.faster D.better33.

A.popular B.active C.remarkable D.deadly34.

A.caused B.answered C.obtained D.damaged35.

A.expanded B.dropped C.remained D.controlled三、语法填空(本大题共1小题,共15.0分)36.In2020,theNobelPeacePrize(1)______(award)totheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)foritseffortstofighthunger.

TheWFP,(2)______(found)in1961,isthelargestfood-assistancebranchoftheUnitedNations.Inemergencies,itisoftenthefirstonthescene,deliveringfoodassistancetothevictimsofwars,civilconflicts,earthquakes,andcrop(3)______(fail)duetonaturaldisasters.In2019,theUNorganizationhelped97millionpeoplein88countries(4)______arevictimsofseriousfoodinsecurityandhunger,the(5)______(high)numbersince2012.

In2015,endinghungerwasadopted(6)______oneoftheUN'sSustainable(可持续的)DevelopmentGoals.Primarily,theWFPworkstorealizethisgoal.Itworkshard(7)______(help)peoplewhocannotproduceorobtainenoughfoodfor(8)______(they)andtheirfamilies.

TheWFPplays(9)______importantroleinfightinghungerforworldpeace.TheNobelCommitteewishestoemphasizethatprovidingaidtoincreasefoodsecuritynotjust(10)______(effective)preventshunger,butalsohelpstopromotestabilityandpeace.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)四、单词拼写-单句(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)37.Withthesummerholidayjustaroundthecorner,itseemslikeeverybodyisbusyplanningtheirvacations.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyouenjoyyourholidaywithoutemptyingyourpocket:

Traveloff-season

Gotoyourdesireddestinationwhilethedemandislowandtakeadvantageofhugediscounts.Duringthepeakseason,thehotelandflightpricesincreasequickly,andyou'lllikelyspendmoreofyourvacationtimestandinginlineduetotherushoftourists.(36)______

(37)______

Websitescanhelpyoufinddiscounthotelrooms.Lookforplacesthatdonotchargeextraforchildreniftheyusetheexistingbedding.Staywiththelocals.Ifyouandyourfamilyaregoingtostayforalongerperiod,rentingasmallapartmentisagoodchoice.

Eatlikealocal

Whyeatatbigchainrestaurantswhenyoucanexperiencesomethingnew?(38)______Duringyourfamilytrip,trynewfoodwherethelocalseat.Thiswillnotjustsavemoney,butalsoprovideyouwithanewanddifferentexperience.Forsmallermealsandsnacks,avoidrestaurantsandtrystreetfoodorothertakeout.

Don'thesitatetobargain

Tourist-heavyplacesareknownforoverchargingforjustabouteverything.Clothes,travelgoodies,souvenirs,etc.areveryexpensiveattheseplaces.(39)______Bargainhardtogetthebestprice.

Chooselocaltransportation

(40)______Instead,takebuses,railwaysorsubways,whicharealwayscheaper.Ifyouareplanningtostayforawhile,youcanconsiderrentingacar.Hiringacarismucheasierthancarryingyourbagseverywhereifyouaremovingaroundalot.

A.Saveonhotels.

B.SurftheInternetwhiletraveling.

C.Therefore,avoidbuyinganythingthere.

D.Soit'sbesttofindoutwhentheoff-seasonstarts.

E.Forthisreason,youshouldn'tfeelashamedtoaskforbargains.

F.Planningyourmealsisanotherwaytoreduceyourtravelcosts.

G.Asatourist,avoidtakingtaxiswheneverpossible,sincetheyareexpensive.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)五、短文改错(本大题共1小题,共10.0分)38.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下短文.短文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处.错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词.

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.

修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.

Dear

Bill,

How

time

flies!I

went

back

to

school

and

begin

my

lesson

last

month.It

will

be

ten

months

before

I

attend

the

College

Entrance

Examination,that

makes

me

worried.I

failed

pass

the

English

test

last

term

because

of

I

had

difficulty

with

it.I

will

never

give

up

and

determine

to

give

myself

the

second

chance

to

pass

them.I

will

ask

my

teachers

and

friends

for

advices

on

how

to

improve

it

and

work

out

a

detailed

plan.Besides,I'll

make

fully

use

of

time.Do

you

have

any

good

ideas?Tell

me

or

I

will

be

grateful

to

you.

I'm

looking

forward

to

hear

from

you.

Yours,

Li

Hua六、书面表达(本大题共1小题,共25.0分)39.为弘扬中国传统文化,学生会将举行"诗歌朗诵大赛"(Poetry

Recitation

Contest),邀请学校国际部学生参加.请你根据提示写一则通知.内容要点包括:

1.

大赛的目的;

2.

大赛的时间、地点;

3.

朗诵内容:唐诗宋词(Tang

and

Song

poetry).

注意:1.

词数100左右;

2.

可适当增加细节,以使内容连贯.

______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】(1)D.细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句Theprizeisawardedbasedonthewife'sweightinbeer.(该奖项是根据妻子在啤酒中的体重颁发的。)可知,妻子的体重越重,获得的啤酒就越多,故获奖者将获得很多啤酒。故选D项。

(2)C.细节理解题。根据第二段的Thefestivalfirstoccurredin1989,runbyalocalbusinessmantodriveuptourisminLopburi.(这个节日首次出现于1989年,由一名当地商人经营,以推动华富里的旅游业。)可知,这个节日出现的目的是为了发展旅游业。故选C项。

(3)B.推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句Althoughtheexactoriginsofthetraditionareunknownbecauseofitslonghistory,buttoday,wifecarryingispracticedaroundtheworld.(虽然由于历史悠久,这一传统的确切起源不得而知,但今天,背着妻子这项活动在世界各地都有实行。)以及第二段的Thefestivalfirstoccurredin1989,runbyalocalbusinessmantodriveuptourisminLopburi.(这个节日首次出现于1989年,由一名当地商人经营,以推动华富里的旅游业。)以及第三段的Thefestivalisnothistoricbyanymeans—thefirstonetookplacein1998—anditwasoriginallycreatedasamarketingeventforBoryeongmudcosmetics(化妆品).(无论如何,这个节日都不是历史性的——第一次是在1998年——它最初是作为博荣泥化妆品的一个营销活动而设立的。)以及第四段的ThefestivalhasrunannuallyinAugustduringaweeklongcelebrationinBunolsince1945,whenanoisycrowdtookthetomatoesfromavegetablestallandstartedafoodfight.(自1945年以来,该节日每年8月在布诺尔举行为期一周的庆祝活动,当时一群喧闹的人从蔬菜摊上拿走了西红柿,并开始了一场食物大战。)可知,四个节日中最晚创办的是泥浆节,在1998年开始的。故四个节日里最可能历史最短的是泥浆节。故选B项。

本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上四个奇特的节日,分别是背老婆比赛节、猴子自助餐节、泥浆节以及番茄节。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】C、B、D、A【解析】(1)C.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Fortunately,Turing

was

the

opposite

of

Hawking,and

he

absolutely

loved

school.Proof

of

this

is

the

extreme

lengths

he

would

go

just

to

get

to

class.For

example,on

one

occasion

when

there

was

a

train

strike,Turing

even

cycled

60

miles

to

attend.(幸运的是,图灵与霍金相反,他绝对热爱学校。证明这一点的是,他为了上课会付出极大的努力。例如,有一次火车罢工,图灵甚至骑了60英里的自行车去参加。)可知,Turing他表现出强烈的求学欲望。故选C。

(2)B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It

was

during

these

university

years

that

he

invented

the

Turing

Machine,which

is

considered

by

many

people

to

be

the

earliest

version

of

a

computer

processing

unit.(正是在大学期间,他发明了图灵机器,许多人认为它是计算机处理单元的最早版本。)可知,作者认为图灵机器在计算机史上很有影响力。故选B。

(3)D.目的意图题。根据第一段Alan

Mathison

Turing

was

born

in

England

in

1912.Like

many

talents

who

go

on

to

great

things,Turing

showed

his

incredible

intelligence

from

a

very

young

age.In

fact,by

the

time

he

was

halfway

through

primary

school,Turing's

teachers

had

already

realized

he

was

a

mathematical

genius.He

could

do

complex

calculating

in

his

head

even

though

he

had

never

been

taught

about

it.(Alan

Mathison

Turing1912年出生于英国。像许多有天赋的人一样,图灵在很小的时候就展示了他不可思议的智慧。事实上,在Turing上小学的时候,他的老师已经意识到他是一个数学天才。他可以在脑子里做复杂的计算,尽管他从未被教过。)及第二段中的Fortunately,Turing

was

the

opposite

of

Hawking,and

he

absolutely

loved

school.(幸运的是,Turing与Hawking相反,他绝对热爱学校。)及最后一段中的It

was

during

these

university

years

that

he

invented

the

Turing

Machine,which

is

considered

by

many

people

to

be

the

earliest

version

of

a

computer

processing

unit.(正是在大学期间,他发明了图灵机器,许多人认为它是计算机处理单元的最早版本。)可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是为了介绍图灵的天才、学术态度和成就。故选D。

(4)A.推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了Alan

Mathison

Turing的天才、学术态度和成就。可知,Turing的故事告诉我们:没有热情,就没有伟大的成就。故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Alan

Mathison

Turing的天才、学术态度和成就。

阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意,因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料;其次细读题材,各个击破,掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性,对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准。

8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C【解析】(1)A.推理判断题。根据第二段Thegroupsaidthekoalapopulationhasdroppedtolessthan58,000thisyearfrommorethan80,000in2018.Thebiggestdecrease(减少)wasinthestateofNewSouthWales,wherethenumbershavedroppedby41percent.(该组织表示,考拉的数量已经从2018年的8万多只下降到今年的不到5.8万只。降幅最大的是新南威尔士州,下降了41%。)以及Onlyoneareainthestudywasestimated(预估)tohavemorethan5,000koalas.Someareaswereestimatedtohaveasfewasfiveorten.(据估计,研究中只有一个地区的考拉数量超过5000只。一些地区估计只有5到10个。)可推断,作者是通过列举数据来说明考拉目前的状况。故选A。

(2)D.推理判断题。根据第三段Tabartsaid,"Whatwe'reconcernedaboutareplaceslikewesternNewSouthWaleswherethedroughtoverthelasttenyearshasjusthadthiscumulative(积累)effect,riversystemscompletelydryforyears,andredgumplants,whicharethelifebloodofkoalas,aredead."ThelossinNewSouthWaleslikelyspedupafterlargeforestareasweredestroyedbywildfiresinlate2019andearly2020.Butsomeofthoseareasalreadyhadnokoalas.(塔巴特说:"我们担心的是像新南威尔士西部这样的地方,过去10年的干旱已经累积了这种影响,河流系统多年来完全干涸,树袋熊的命脉红胶植物已经死亡。"在2019年底和2020年初大片森林被大火摧毁后,新南威尔士州的损失可能加快。但其中一些地区已经没有考拉了。)可推断,从第三段我们知道考拉数量减少的一些原因。故选D。

(3)B.细节理解题。根据最后一段Tabartsaidthecountryneedsakoalaprotectionlaw.(塔巴特表示,该国需要一部考拉保护法。)可知,为了保护考拉,塔巴特主要提出了制定特别法律。故选B。

(4)C.标题归纳题。根据第一段TheAustralianKoalaFoundationsaysAustraliahaslostabout30percentofitskoalasoverthepastthreeyears.(澳大利亚考拉基金会表示,在过去的三年里,澳大利亚已经失去了大约30%的考拉。)及全文可知,文章主要介绍澳大利亚是考拉的故乡,但是这三年来,考拉的数量急剧下降,它们的命运让人担忧。有关组织呼吁政府尽快采取措施来保护考拉。所以C.Australia

Lost

One-Third

of

Its

Koalas

in

Last

Three

Years.(澳大利亚在过去三年中失去了三分之一的考拉。)作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。

本文是一篇健康环保类阅读,主要讲述的是澳大利亚是考拉的故乡,但是这三年来,考拉的数量急剧下降,它们的命运让人担忧。有关组织呼吁政府尽快采取措施来保护考拉。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项填写出正确答案。

12~15.【答案】B、D、A、C【解析】(1

)B.细节理解题.根据第二段中的"To

start

with,

if

we'd

want

to

be

living

on

it,

we

should

find

a

good

place

in

space

to

put

the

new

planet.首先,如果我们想生活在上面,我们应该在太空中找到一个好地方来放置这个新行星.

"可知所以如果我们想创造一个新的星球

,我们应该做的第一件事

是找到一个合适的地方来安置这个星球.故选B.

(2

)D.代词指代题.根据划线词所在的句子"

If

we

made

our

own

new

planet,

we'd

probably

want

itto

have

similar

elements

and

a

similar

structure.如果我们创造了自己的新行星,我们可能希望它有相似的元素和相似的结构."所以通过上下文语境可以判读出,划线的"it"一词指的是our

own

new

planet.故选D.

(3

)A.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段中的"According

to

NASA,

each

astronaut

uses

about

0.83

kilograms

of

food

per

meal,

including

0.12

kilograms

of

packaging

material.

根据美国宇航局的数据,每位宇航员每顿饭使用的食物约为0.83公斤,其中包括0.12公斤的包装材料."所以一个宇航员实际上每顿饭吃掉的食物为:

0.83千克-0.12千克=0.71千克.故选A.

(4)C.推理判断题.根据最后一段中的"

In

reality,

creating

a

new

planet

would

probably

require

a

very

modern

technology

and

there

would

be

tons

of

other

things

to

think

about.

And

if

this

is

even

possible,

it

likely

won't

happen

for

a

very

long

time.事实上,创造一个新的星球可能需要非常现代的技术,还有很多其他的事情要考虑,如果这是可能的,很长一段时间内都不会发生."可知,作者认为创造一个新星球在不远的将来是不可能实现的.故选C.

本文是一篇说明文,介绍了创造一个新的、

合适的星球需要具备哪些因素.

阅读理解考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

16~35.【答案】C、A、A、B、D、D、C、B、B、C、A、D、C、A、B、D、C、D、A、B【解析】(1)考查名词及语境理解。A.ambition野心;B.dream梦想;C.job工作;D.success成功。根据"wastostudybacteriainalab"可知,此处是指他的工作。故选C。

(2)考查副词及语境理解。A.closely仔细地;B.quickly快速地;C.simply简单地;D.gently温柔地。根据"hesawsomething"可知,此处是指当他仔细观察时。故选A。

(3)考查形容词及语境理解。A.unusual不寻常的;B.disappointing令人失望的;C.formal正式的;D.alarming令人担忧的。根据后文"buttheyweren'tgrowingonthespotsthathadmold(但它们并没有生长在有霉菌的地方)"可知,此处是指他发现了一些不寻常的东西。故选A。

(4)考查动词及语境理解。A.producing生产;B.growing生长;C.posting公布;D.sharing分享。根据"buttheyweren'tgrowingonthespotsthathadmold"可知,此处是指他研究的细菌也在整个培养皿中生长。故选B。

(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.demanded要求;B.confirmed证实;C.judged判断;D.wondered想知道。根据"whetherthebacteriaweredrivenawaybythemold"可知,此处是指想知道细菌是否被霉菌赶走了。故选D。

(6)考查名词及语境理解。A.organization组织;B.species物种;C.tissue纸巾;D.type类型,种类。根据"themold"和"calledPenicillin"可知,此处是指这种霉菌是一种叫做盘尼西林的霉菌。故选D。

(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.research调查;B.split分裂;C.fight对抗;D.cross超过。根据infections可知,此处是指对抗感染的药物。故选C。

(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.found发现;B.named命名;C.listed列举;D.recorded记录。根据"it"moldjuice""可知,此处是指命名为"霉菌汁"。故选B。

(9)考查动词及语境理解。A.seized抓住;B.changed改变;C.added添加;D.gave给。根据上文"moldjuice"和"thenameto"penicillin""可知,此处是指把它的名字改成了"盘尼西林"。故选B。

(10)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.setoff出发;B.camedown下降;C.steppedin介入;D.gotback返回。根据"tohelp"可知,此处是指牛津大学的一个团队介入帮助。故选C。

(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.developed开发;B.updated更新;C.combined结合;D.identified识别。根据further可知,此处是指进一步开发了盘尼西林。故选A。

(12)考查名词及语境理解。A.operation手术;B.experience经历;C.memory记忆;D.infection感染。根据后文"Theinfectioncameback(感染又回来了)"可知,此处是指患有严重的感染。故选D。

(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.strategies策略;B.collections收集;C.treatments治疗;D.services服务。根据"withpenicillin"可知,此处是指经过几次盘尼西林治疗。故选C。

(14)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.ranoutof用完;B.triedout试用;C.calledfor呼吁;D.brokeawayfrom摆脱。根据"Theinfectioncameback"可知,此处是指药用完了。故选A。

(15)考查副词及语境理解。A.especially尤其;B.unfortunately不幸地;C.possibly可能地;D.commonly普遍地。根据"Alexanderpassedaway"可知,此处是指亚历山大不幸去世了。故选B。

(16)考查动词及语境理解。A.test测试;B.replace代替;C.invent发明;D.make制造。根据"moreofit"可知,此处是指多制造盘尼西林。故选D。

(17)考查副词及语境理解。A.further更进一步地;B.earlier更早地;C.faster更快地;D.better更好地。根据前文"Theyjustneededtomakemoreofit."可知,此处是指他们找到了让霉菌更快生长的方法。故选C。

(18)考查形容词及语境理解。A.popular流行的;B.active活跃的;C.remarkable引人注目的;D.deadly致命的。根据"atwarasenemyforceswere"可知,此处是指疾病对战争中的士兵来说就像敌军一样致命。故选D。

(19)考查动词及语境理解。A.caused导致;B.answered回答;C.obtained获得;D.damaged破坏。根据"18%ofAmericansoldierstodie"可知,此处是指仅细菌性肺炎就导致18%的美国士兵死亡。故选A。

(20)考查动词及语境理解。A.expanded扩大;B.dropped下降;C.remained剩余;D.controlled控制。根据"tolessthanonepercent"可知,此处是指这一比例在第二次世界大战中降到了不到1%。故选B。

这篇短文主要讲述了亚历山大•弗莱明在实验室中发现了一种名为青霉素的霉菌,并将其转化为世界上第一种抗生素。他与霍华德•弗洛里、恩斯特•钱和诺曼•希特利一起进一步研究了青霉素。第一个接受新药治疗的患者是阿尔伯特•亚历山大,他感觉好多了,但感染又复发了。然而,医生们已经发现青霉素可以对抗细菌,他们只需要生产更多。弗洛里和钱飞往美国,找到了种植霉菌的方法。从1942年开始,青霉素被用于治疗二战士兵。青霉素的发现改变了医学界,现在抗生素被用来治疗许多疾病。

做完形填空题之前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息,借助语感及相关知识的推断,可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文,了解大意的基础上,便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配,并从上下文中找关键性暗示,注意前后对照,逐句精读,逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后,应再次通读全文,对所选的答案进行核实调整。

36.【答案】【小题1】wasawarded【小题2】founded【小题3】failure(s)【小题4】who/that【小题5】highest【小题6】as【小题7】tohelp【小题8】themselves【小题9】an【小题10】effectively【解析】(1)考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:2020年,世界粮食计划署被授予诺贝尔和平奖,以表彰它为战胜饥饿所作的努力。主语theNobelPeacePrize是专有名词,与动词award之间为被动关系,根据时间状语In2020可知,要用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是单数,be动词用was。故填wasawarded。

(2)考查过去分词。句意:世界粮食计划署成立于1961年,是联合国最大的粮食援助机构。本句为主系表结构,(found)in1961在句子中作定语,found是非谓语动词,与被修饰词TheWFP之间为动宾关系,用过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。故填founded。

(3)考查名词。句意:在紧急情况下,它通常是第一个到达现场,向战争、国内冲突、地震和自然灾害造成的农作物歉收的受害者提供粮食援助。此处与wars,civilconflicts,earthquakes并列作介词of的宾语,应用所给词的名词形式failure,在本句中的意思是"歉收",既可用作可数名词用复数形式,也可用作不可数名词。故填failure(s)。

(4)考查定语从句。句意:2019年,联合国帮助了88个国家的9700万严重粮食不安全和饥饿的受害者,这是自2012年以来的最高数字。先行词people在定语从句中作主语,指人,用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。

(5)考查形容词最高级。句意::2019年,联合国帮助了88个国家的9700万严重粮食不安全和饥饿的受害者,这是自2012年以来的最高数字。根据句意和定冠词the可知,此处应用形容词最高级修饰名词number。故填highest。

(6)考查介词。句意:2015年,结束饥饿被采纳为联合国可持续发展目标之一。beadoptedas"被采纳为",是固定短语。故填as。

(7)考查动词不定式。句意:它努力帮助那些不能为自己和家人生产或获得足够食物的人。此处表目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tohelp。

(8)考查反身代词。句意:它努力帮助那些不能为自己和家人生产或获得足够食物的人。定语从句中关系代词who指代先行词people作主语,此处作介词for的宾语,与主语指同一人,应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。

(9)考查不定冠词。句意:世界粮食计划署在为世界和平战胜饥饿方面发挥着重要作用。role指"角色"是可数名词,修饰词important是发音以元音音素开头的单词,前面需加不定冠词an,playanimportantrolein"在……中扮演重

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