美国概况-英文介绍课件

AGeneralSurveyofUSAAGeneralSurveyofUSAPart1GeneralIntroductionofUSPart1美国概况--英文介绍ppt课件美国概况--英文介绍ppt课件NationalFlagNationalFlag:Thenumberofthestars50starsrepresentthe50statesofAmerica.13stripesrepresentthefirst13statesthatusedtobethecolonies.NationalFlagNationalFlag:ImportantFactsAboutUSAFullcountryname:TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(USA)Population:275,000,000Area:3,618,000sqmiles(9,370,000sqkm).The4thlargestintheworld.Capitalcity:Washington,DC(pop:607,000)ImportantFactsAboutUSAFullPeople:Caucasian（高加索人，白种人）(74%),AfricanAmerican(12%),Latino(9%),Asian(3%),NativeAmerican(0.8%)Languages:English(officiallanguage),plusmanysecondarylanguage,chieflySpanishReligion:Protestant(56%),RomanCatholic(28%),Jewish(2%),Muslim(1%)Government:Federalrepublicof50statesPeople:Caucasian（高加索人，白种人）(7President:Obama

GDP:US$9trillionGDPperhead:US$25,850Annualgrowth:4.1%Inflation:2.6%Majorindustries:Oil,electronics,computers,automobilemanufacturing,aerospaceindustries,agriculture.

Majortradingpartners:Canada,Japan,theEUPresident:ObamaThelongestriver:MississippiRiver,thelongestintheworld.TheGreatLakes:(fromwesttoeast)LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,&LakeOntario.LakeMichiganbelongstoUSA.Theother4belongtobothUSA&Canada.ThefamousNiagaraFalls.

Thelongestriver:MississippiThethreemostfamousnationalparksare1.TheRockyMountain&YellowstoneNationalPark2.TheGreatCanyonofColoradoinArizona3.YosemiteintheSierraNevadaThethreemostfamousnationalWashingtonD.C.ThecapitaloftheU.S.WashingtonMonumentJeffersonMemorialLincolnMemorialTheWhiteHouseTheCapitolLibraryofCongressWashingtonD.C.ThecapitalofBoston—theStateofMassachusettsItistheearliestcityestablishedintheUnitedStates.Ithasmanyfamousuniversities,suchasHarvardUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandUniversityofBoston.ItisfullofEuropeanatmosphere.Boston—theStateofMassachuseNewYork(theBigApple)—theStateofNewYorkThelargestcityinboththeU.S.andtheworldSkyscrapersEmpireStateBuildingTheUnitedNationsHeadquartersChinatownWallStreetGreenwichVillageCentralParkNewYork(theBigApple)—theSPhiladelphia—theStateofPennsylvaniaIndependenceHallBetsyRossHousePennsylvaniaAcademyoftheFineArtsFranklinInstitutePhiladelphia—theStateofPennChicago—theStateofIllinoisThethirdlargestcityintheU.S.Ithasanickname—“TheSupermarketofAmerica”SearsTowerLincolnParkChicago—theStateofIllinoisTHouston—theStateofTexasNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationMannedSpacecraftTherearemanyfamouscorporationsaroundthecity,suchasGeneralElectric(GE)andInternationalBusinessMachines(IBM).Houston—theStateofTexasNatiSanFrancisco—theStateofCaliforniaIntheearlydaysitwastheplacewhereChinesepeopleconcentrated.GoldenGateBridgeThelargestChinatownoutsideofAsiaSanFrancisco—theStateofCalLosAngeles(theBigOrange)—theStateofCaliforniaThesecondlargestcityintheU.S.HollywoodBeverlyHillsDisneylandUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA)LosAngeles(theBigOrange)—tDifferentPartsofUSTheAtlanticCoastThecentralnorth-eastThecentralareaFurtherwestThesouth-westTheWestCoastDifferentPartsofUSTheAtlanImportantMountainsTherearethreemajormountainranges:theAppalachiansintheeast,theRockyMountainsinthewest,andtheSierraNevadaalongtheborderofNevadaandCalifornia.AppalachianMts阿巴拉契亚山脉RockyMts落基山脉SierraNevada内华达山脉ImportantMountainsTherearetImportantRivers(NationalRivers)1*HudsonRiver2*MississippiRiver3*MissouriRiver4*OhioRiver(InternationalRivers)1*ColoradoRiver2*ColumbiaRiver3*RioGranda4*St.LawrenceRiverImportantRivers(NationalRivePart2PoliticalSystemofUSAPart2GeneralPrinciplesFederalismtheseparationofpowersrespectfortheConstitution&theruleoflaw.GeneralPrinciplesFederalismTheTwoGovernmentsThestategovernmentTheFederalgovernmentTheTwoGovernmentsPoliticalPartiesDemocrats

RepublicansPoliticalPartiesSeparationofPowersexecutive(thePresident)legislature(Congress)judicialSeparationofPowersexecutiveThePresidentThePresidentistheeffectiveheadoftheexecutivebranchofgovernmentaswellasheadofstate.WiththePresident,aVice-Presidentiselected,&ifthePresidentdiestheVice-PresidentbecomesPresidentfortheunexpiredpartofthe4year.ThePresidentThePresidentisTheCongresstheSenate(electedevery6years)theHouseofRepresentatives(2years)TheCongresstheSenate(electeThePartyPoliciesSimple-majorityelectoralsystem,liketheAmericanone,tendtocauseanation’spoliticstobedominatedbycompetitionbetween2parties.The2greatAmericanpartiesareRepublicParty&DemocraticParty.ThePartyPoliciesSimple-majorFamousPresidents:

GeorgeWashington(1732-1799)Commander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyduringtheAmericanRevolution&1stPresidentoftheU.S.1789-1797)FamousPresidents:

GeorgeWasThomasJefferson(1743-1826)3rdPresidentoftheU.S(1801-1809)&authoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.ThomasJefferson(1743-1826)3rBenjaminFranklinBenjaminFranklin(1706—1790),Americanstatesman,diplomat,scientistandwriter.HewasbornintoapoorfamilyinMassachusetts,andworkedasprinterapprenticeinhisyouth.BenjaminFranklinBenjaminFranAbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)16thPresidentoftheU.S.(1861-1865)FamousandadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheAmericanCivilWarandtheliberationofNegroesfromslavery.AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865)16tPart3AmericanHistoryPart3TheEarliestInhabitants20,000yearsago,AmericanIndiansColumbusfoundthenewcontinent10,000yearsago,thelaterEskimostheyear1000,theearliestEuropeansTheEarliestInhabitantsDiscoveryInlate15th-centuryEurope,therewasagreatdemandforspices,textilesanddyesfromAsia.ChristopherColumbus,amarinerfromItaly,mistakenlybelievedthathecouldreachtheFarEastbysailing6,400kilometerswestfromEurope.DiscoveryEnglishSettlementsThefirstsuccessfulEnglishcolonyinAmericawasfoundedatJamestown,Virginiain1607.Ofthefirst105colonists,73diedofhungeranddiseasewithinsevenmonthsoftheirarrival.OnegroupofEnglishPuritanscrossedtheAtlanticintheshipMayflowerandsettledatPlymouth,Massachusettsin1620.AmuchlargerPuritancolonywasestablishedintheBostonareain1630.EnglishSettlementsColonialEraBy1733Englishsettlershadoccupied13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast,namely,Connecticut,NewHampshire,NewYork,NewJersey,Massachusetts,Pennsylvania,Delaware,Virginia,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Georgia,RhodeIsland,andMaryland.

ColonialEraWarofIndependenceApril19,1775,theAmericanWarofIndependencebegan.May1775,asecondContinentalCongressmetinPhiladelphia.ThomasJeffersondraftedaDeclarationofIndependence,TheTreatyofPariswassignedinSeptember1783,inwhichBritainrecognizedtheindependenceoftheUnitedStates.WarofIndependence

TheDeclarationofIndependenceTheConstitution

CivilWarTime:1861--1865Participants:theSouth(Democratic)andtheNorth(Republican)Cause:AbrahamLincolnwaselectedaspresidentThePreface:LincolnwaselectedasPresident---1860年11月SouthCarolinavotedtoleavetheUnion---thesignalofthewarTheelevensouthernstatesformanindependentnation—theConfederateStatesofAmerica(beginning)CivilWarTime:1861--1865TheprocessoftheCivilWar

Thefirststage(186i-1862夏)FailureafterfailurecametotheNorth.(seethecontrast)Thesecondstage：（1862，9—1865，4）

TheEmancipationProclamation---1863,1,1HomesteadBill—1862,5BattleofGettysburg---1863,7.1,turningpointThethirdstage:thevictory.1865,4,2Richmondwasabandon.

TheNorthTheSouthPopulation2234万910万IndustryDevelopedFewrailroadsmanyNearlyzeroMilitaryNotwellequippedFullyarmed

TheprocessoftheCivilWar

TInfluenceofthewarTwoachievements:realizetheunificationoftheAmericannationEndtheslaverysystemInfluenceofthewarTwoachievWesternMovementTime:theyearsfollowingtheendofthecivilwarin1965People:minersPurpose:seekforgoldandsilverPlace:RockymountainregionFamousfigures:hiredhorsemen-cowboysResults:IndiansarewithdrewandbuffaloweredestroyedWesternMovementTime:theyeaProgressivemovementCause:economybooming+prosperityspreadingbutpovertycoexistMeasures:changepolicybefore1900:laissez-faireafter1900:progressivismAchievements:passinglawsrestrictingchildlabor,protectingwomenworkers,limitingworkhoursandprovidingworkermencompensation

letthesleepingdoglieProgressivemovementCause:letNewDealEconomycircle:lowestpoint—recovery---recession—prosperity—recession---lowestpoint1929,10,24BlackThursday,GreatDepressionbrokeout.HooverFranklinD.RooselveltNewDealNewDealEconomycircle:Part4AmericanEducationPart4StructureofAmericanEducationEarlychildhoodeducationGrammarschoolorelementaryschool(primary)Highschool(secondary)Collegeanduniversity(higher/tertiaryeducation)StructureofAmericanEducatioPart5AmericanHolidaysPart5January

1

NewYear'sDay(新年）

15

MartinLutherKingJr.'sBirthday

19

MartinLutherKingJr.'sBirthdayObserved

February

12

Lincoln'sBirthday

14

Valentine'sDay（情人节）

16

President'sDay

22

Washington'sBirthday

25

AshWednesdayMarch

8

InternationalWomen'sDay（国际妇女节）

17

St.Patrick'sDayJanuaryApril

1

AprilFoolsDay（愚人节）

5

PalmSunday

10

GoodFriday

ArborDay（植树节）

11

Passover

12

Easter（复活节）

17

OrthodoxHolyFriday

19

OrthodoxEaster

22

SecretariesDay

22

EarthDayMay

6

Nurses’Day

7

NationalDayofPrayer

10

Mother'sDay（母亲节）

16

ArmedForcesDay

25

MemorialDayObserved

30

MemorialDayAprilJune

14

FlagDay（美国国旗纪念日）

21

Father'sDayJuly

4

IndependenceDay

（美国独立日）August2

FriendshipDaySeptember

7

LaborDay

GrandparentsDay

17

CitizenshipDay

21

RoshHashanah

30

YomKippurJuneOctober

11

NationalChildren'sDay

12

ColumbusDay

16

NationalBossDay

17

SweetestDay

24

UnitedNationsDay

31

Halloween（万圣节前夜）November

3

ElectionDay

11

VeteransDay（退伍军人节）

26

ThanksgivingDecemb